Languages

The World Loanword Database contains information on loanwords, source words and other words in 395 languages.

Of these, 41 are called recipient languages, because we are interested in the loanwords that they have received from other languages. For each recipient language, there is a vocabulary.

The loanwords in these languages come from 369 different donor languages. These are the languages from which the recipient languages have taken the loanwords. 15 languages are both recipient languages and donor languages.

In the maps, recipient languages are shown by a red symbol, and donor languages are shown by a blue symbol.

ID Language Name Language Family Vocabulary
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ID

For the recipient languages, the language ID number corresponds to the ordering to the chapters on the book Loanwords in the World's Languages. Languages are listed in rough geographical order from west to east, from Africa via Europe to Asia and the Americas, so that geographically adjacent languages are next to each other. For the other languages, the ID number has no particular significance.

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Language Name

This is the name of the language (or family, in the case of donor languages) that was adopted in the World Loanword Database. Alternative names can be found on the individual language pages.

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Language Family

This is the name of the highest family that is generally accepted to which the language belongs.

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Vocabulary

For recipient languages, this column shows the corresponding vocabulary.

1 Swahili Niger-Congo, Bantoid Swahili
2 Iraqw Afro-Asiatic, Southern Cushitic Iraqw
3 Gawwada Afro-Asiatic, Eastern Cushitic Gawwada
4 Hausa Afro-Asiatic, West Chadic Hausa
5 Kanuri Nilo-Saharan, Western Saharan Kanuri
6 Tarifiyt Berber Afro-Asiatic, Berber Tarifiyt Berber
7 Seychelles Creole other, Creoles and Pidgins Seychelles Creole
8 Romanian Indo-European, Romance Romanian
9 Selice Romani Indo-European Selice Romani
10 Lower Sorbian Indo-European, Slavic Lower Sorbian
11 Old High German Indo-European, Germanic Old High German
12 Dutch Indo-European, Germanic Dutch
13 English Indo-European, Germanic English
14 Kildin Saami Uralic, Saami Kildin Saami
15 Bezhta Nakh-Daghestanian, Avar-Andic-Tsezic Bezhta
16 Archi Nakh-Daghestanian, Lezgic Archi
17 Manange Tibeto-Burman Manange
18 Ket Yeniseian, Yeniseian Ket
19 Sakha Altaic, Turkic Sakha
20 Oroqen Tungusic Oroqen
21 Japanese Japanese, Japanese Japanese
22 Mandarin Chinese Sino-Tibetan, Chinese Mandarin Chinese
23 Thai Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai Thai
24 Vietnamese Austro-Asiatic, Viet-Muong Vietnamese
25 White Hmong Hmong-Mien, Hmong-Mien White Hmong
26 Ceq Wong Austro-Asiatic, Aslian Ceq Wong
27 Indonesian Austronesian, Malayic Indonesian
28 Malagasy Austronesian, Barito Malagasy
29 Takia Austronesian, Oceanic Takia
30 Hawaiian Austronesian, Oceanic Hawaiian
31 Gurindji Australian, Pama-Nyungan Gurindji
32 Yaqui Uto-Aztecan, Cahita Yaqui
33 Zinacantán Tzotzil Mayan, Mayan Zinacantán Tzotzil
34 Q'eqchi' Mayan, Mayan Q'eqchi'
35 Otomi Oto-Manguean, Otomian Otomi
36 Saramaccan other, Creoles and Pidgins Saramaccan
37 Imbabura Quechua Quechuan, Quechuan Imbabura Quechua
38 Kali'na Cariban Kali'na
39 Hup Nadahup Hup
40 Wichí Matacoan, Matacoan Wichí
41 Mapudungun Araucanian, Araucanian Mapudungun
42 Bantu Niger-Congo
43 Afro-Asiatic
44 Ainu Ainu, Ainu
45 Akkadian Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
46 Alanian Indo-European, Iranian
47 Albanian Indo-European, Albanian
48 Algonquian (Powhatan) Algic
49 Altaic
50 Aluku Indo-European, Germanic
51 Amharic Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
52 Egyptian Afro-Asiatic
53 Arabic Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
54 Arabic (Moroccan) Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
55 Arawakan (Haiti) Arawakan
56 Arawakan
57 Armenian Indo-European
58 Indo-Portuguese Indo-European, Romance
59 Assyrian Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
60 Austro-Asiatic
61 Austronesian
62 Avar Nakh-Daghestanian, Avar-Andic-Tsezic
63 Aymara Aymaran, Aymaran
64 Azerbaijani Altaic, Turkic
65 Balinese Austronesian, Bali-Sasak
66 Baltic Indo-European
67 Banda Niger-Congo
68 Banjarese Austronesian, Malayic
69 Barbacoan
70 Bargam Trans-New Guinea, Madang
71 Bemba Niger-Congo, Bantoid
72 Bengali Indo-European, Indic
73 Benue-Congo Niger-Congo
74 Berber Afro-Asiatic
75 Bulgarian Indo-European, Slavic
76 Burushaski Burushaski, Burushaski
77 Buryat Mongolic
78 Cantonese Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
79 Carib Cariban, Cariban
80 Celtic Indo-European
81 Central Tai Tai-Kadai
82 Ch’ao-chou Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
83 Ch’olan Mayan
84 Ch’olti’ Mayan, Mayan
85 Ch’orti’ Mayan
86 Chadic Afro-Asiatic
87 Cham Austronesian
88 Chamic Austronesian
89 Chinese Sino-Tibetan
90 Hokkien Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
91 Min Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
92 Northern Chinese Sino-Tibetan
93 Chol Mayan, Mayan
94 Chontal Tequistlatecan
95 Chuj Mayan, Mayan
96 Latin Indo-European, Romance
97 Classical Arabic Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
98 Classical Greek Indo-European, Greek
99 Germanic Indo-European
100 Comorian Niger-Congo, Bantoid
101 Coptic Afro-Asiatic, Egyptian-Coptic
102 Cuzco Quechua Quechuan
103 Czech Indo-European, Slavic
104 Dagur Altaic, Mongolic
105 Datooga Nilo-Saharan, Nilotic
106 Dendi Nilo-Saharan, Songhay
107 Dharuk Australian, Pama-Nyungan
108 Dravidian
109 Madurese Austronesian, Madurese
110 Khmer Austro-Asiatic, Khmer
111 Turkic Altaic
112 East Turkic Altaic, Turkic
113 Eastern Abenaki Algic, Algonquian
114 Eastern Bantu Niger-Congo, Bantoid
115 Spanish Indo-European, Romance
116 European Colonial Language
117 Evenki Altaic, Tungusic
118 Fennic Uralic
119 Fijian Austronesian, Oceanic
120 Finno-Ugric Uralic
121 Fon Niger-Congo, Kwa
122 Frankish Indo-European, Germanic
123 French Indo-European, Romance
124 French (Anglo-Norman) Indo-European, Romance
125 Old French Indo-European, Romance
126 French (Picard) Indo-European, Romance
127 French (Walloon) Indo-European, Romance
128 Ful Niger-Congo, Northern Atlantic
129 Gaelic Indo-European, Celtic
130 Gajirrabeng Australian, Djeragan
131 Gbe Niger-Congo, Kwa
132 Ge‘ez Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
133 Gedaged Austronesian, Oceanic
134 Georgian Kartvelian, Kartvelian
135 German Indo-European, Germanic
136 German (Austrian) Indo-European, Germanic
137 Early New High German Indo-European, Germanic
138 Low German Indo-European, Germanic
139 Middle High German Indo-European, Germanic
140 Middle Low German Indo-European, Germanic
141 New High German Indo-European, Germanic
142 German (Upper Saxon) Indo-European, Germanic
143 East Middle German Indo-European, Germanic
144 West Germanic Indo-European, Germanic
145 Gothic Indo-European, Germanic
146 Greater Tzeltalan Mayan
147 Greek Indo-European, Greek
148 Guaraní Tupian, Tupi-Guaraní
149 Gününa Yajüch Chon
150 Guugu Yimidhirr Australian, Pama-Nyungan
151 Guyanese French Creole Indo-European, Romance
152 Hebrew Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
153 High German Indo-European, Germanic
154 Hindi-Urdu Indo-European
155 Arabic (Hispanic) Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
156 Hmong-Mien
157 Huastec Mayan, Mayan
158 Hungarian Uralic, Ugric
159 Igbo Niger-Congo, Igboid
160 Illyrian Indo-European
161 English (Indian) Indo-European, Germanic
162 French (Indian Ocean) Indo-European, Romance
163 Arabic (Indian Ocean) Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
164 Indo-European
165 Indo-Iranian Indo-European
166 Portuguese (Indian) Indo-European, Romance
167 Iranian Indo-European
168 Middle Persian Indo-European
169 Italian Indo-European, Romance
170 Old Italian Indo-European, Romance
171 Itzaj Mayan, Mayan
172 Jah Hut Austro-Asiatic, Aslian
173 Jaminjung Australian, Jaminjungan
174 Jaru Australian, Pama-Nyungan
175 Javanese Austronesian, Javanese
176 Jingulu West Barkly
177 K’iche’an Mayan, Mayan
178 Kalmyk Altaic, Mongolic
179 Kam-Sui Tai-Kadai
180 Kannada Dravidian, Southern Dravidian
181 Karelian Uralic, Finnic
182 Karranga Australian, Pama-Nyungan
183 Kaurna Australian, Pama-Nyungan
184 Khalkha Altaic, Mongolic
185 Kija Djeragan
186 Komi Uralic, Finnic
187 Kongo Niger-Congo, Bantoid
188 Konso Afro-Asiatic, Eastern Cushitic
189 Korean Korean, Korean
190 Kriol Indo-European, Germanic
191 Kurdish Indo-European
192 Lak Nakh-Daghestanian, Lak-Dargwa
193 Lao Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai
194 Late Latin Indo-European, Romance
195 Medieval Latin Indo-European, Romance
196 Vulgar Latin Indo-European, Romance
197 Nheengatú Tupian
198 Loango Bantoid
199 Lolo-Burmese Sino-Tibetan
200 Arabic (Maghrebi) Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
201 Makua Niger-Congo, Bantoid
202 Malay Austronesian, Malayic
203 Malayalam Dravidian, Southern Dravidian
204 Malgwa Afro-Asiatic, Biu-Mandara
205 Mande Niger-Congo
206 Mandinka Niger-Congo, Western Mande
207 Māori Austronesian (Eastern Malayo-Polynesian), Oceanic
208 French (Mauritian) Indo-European, Romance
209 Mende Niger-Congo, Western Mande
210 Spanish (Mexican) Indo-European, Romance
211 Middle Chinese Sino-Tibetan
212 Middle Dutch Indo-European, Germanic
213 Middle French Indo-European, Romance
214 Middle Iranian Indo-European
215 Middle Mon Austro-Asiatic
216 Middle North Germanic Indo-European, Germanic
217 Mikmaq Algic, Algonquian
218 Minangkabau Austronesian, Malayic
219 Miriwung Australian, Djeragan
220 Mixe-Zoquean Oto-Manguean
221 Mocho Mayan
222 Modern Khmer Austro-Asiatic
223 Modern Mon Austro-Asiatic
224 Mon Austro-Asiatic, Monic
225 Mon-Khmer Austro-Asiatic
226 Mongolian Altaic, Mongolic
227 Mongolic Altaic
228 Mopan Mayan, Mayan
229 Mudburra Australian, Pama-Nyungan
230 Nahuatl Uto-Aztecan, Aztecan
231 Narragansett Algic, Algonquian
232 Neo-Latin Indo-European, Romance
233 Nepali Indo-European, Indic
234 Ngaliwurru Australian, Jaminjungan
235 Ngardi Australian, Pama-Nyungan
236 Ngarinyman Australian, Pama-Nyungan
237 Niger-Congo
238 Nilo-Saharan
239 Nobonob Trans-New Guinea, Madang
240 North Germanic Indo-European, Germanic
241 Norwegian Indo-European, Germanic
242 Nungali Jaminjungan
243 Nupe Niger-Congo, Nupoid
244 Nyamwezi Niger-Congo, Bantoid
245 Nyungar Australian, Pama-Nyungan
246 Occitan Indo-European, Romance
247 Oghur Altaic, Turkic
248 Old Chinese Sino-Tibetan
249 Old Frisian Indo-European, Germanic
250 Indic Indo-European
251 Sanskrit Indo-European, Indic
252 Old Irish Indo-European, Celtic
253 Old Javanese Austronesian
254 Old Khmer Austro-Asiatic
255 Old Lithuaninian Indo-European
256 Old Mon Austro-Asiatic, Monic
257 Old Norse Indo-European, Germanic
258 Old Persian Indo-European
259 Old Provençal Indo-European, Romance
260 Old Russian Indo-European
261 Old Slavic Indo-European, Slavic
262 Old Thai Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai
263 Oromo Afro-Asiatic
264 Ossetian Indo-European, Iranian
265 Pacific Pidgin English Indo-European, Germanic
266 Pali Indo-European
267 Pama-Nyungan Australian
268 Munda Austro-Asiatic
269 Persian Indo-European, Iranian
270 Elamite isolate
271 Phoenician Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
272 Pilagá Guaicuruan, Guaicuruan
273 Polish Indo-European, Slavic
274 Portuguese Indo-European, Romance
275 Batavian Portuguese Creole Indo-European, Romance
276 Pre-Malagasy Austronesian
277 Pre-Minangkabau Austronesian
278 Pre-Oromo Afro-Asiatic
279 Pre-Rangi Niger-Congo, Bantoid
280 Pre-Sandawe isolate
281 Proto-Austronesian Austronesian
282 Proto-Austroasiatic Austro-Asiatic
283 Proto Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian
284 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian
285 Proto-Mon-Khmer Austro-Asiatic
286 Proto-Oceanic Austronesian, Oceanic
287 Proto-Altaic Altaic
288 Proto-Chadic Afro-Asiatic
289 Proto-Finnic Uralic, Finnic
290 Proto-Germanic Indo-European, Germanic
291 Proto-Greater Kanjobalan Mayan
292 Proto-Hmong-Mien Hmong-Mien
293 Proto-Indo-European Indo-European
294 Proto-Mixe-Zoquean Mixe-Zoque
295 Proto-Mixean Mixe-Zoque
296 Proto-Mongolic Altaic, Mongolic
297 Proto-Semitic Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
298 Proto-Slavic Indo-European
299 Proto-Tai Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai
300 Proto-West Chadic Afro-Asiatic, West Chadic
301 Proto-Yucatecan Mayan
302 Q’anjob’alan Mayan
303 Qiangic Tibeto-Burman
304 Quechua Quechuan, Quechuan
305 Quiche Mayan
306 Ramoaaina Austronesian, Oceanic
307 Rarotongan Austronesian, Oceanic
308 Romance Indo-European, Romance
309 Russian Indo-European, Slavic
310 Ryukyuan Japanese
311 Saharan Nilo-Saharan
312 Sambaa Niger-Congo, Bantoid
313 Sandawe Khoisan, Sandawe
314 Gaelic (Scottish) Indo-European, Celtic
315 Selkup Uralic, Samoyedic
316 Semitic Afro-Asiatic
317 Sena Niger-Congo, Bantoid
318 Serbian Indo-European
319 Slavic Indo-European
320 East Slavic Indo-European, Slavic
321 Slovak Indo-European, Slavic
322 Songhay Nilo-Saharan
323 South Aslian Austro-Asiatic, Aslian
324 South Slavic Indo-European, Slavic
325 Macedonian Indo-European, Slavic
326 Slovenian Indo-European
327 South Sulawesi Austronesian, Sulawesi
328 South Cushitic Afro-Asiatic
329 Southern Chinese Sino-Tibetan
330 Wardaman Australian, Yangmanic
331 Sranan other, Creoles and Pidgins
332 Standard Arabic Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
333 Sundanese Austronesian, Sundanese
334 Suriname Portuguese Indo-European, Romance
335 Tahitian Austronesian, Oceanic
336 Tai Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai
337 Taino Arawakan
338 Tamasheq Afro-Asiatic, Berber
339 Tamil Dravidian, Southern Dravidian
340 Tatar Altaic, Turkic
341 Tharrgari Australian, Pama-Nyungan
342 Tibetan Sino-Tibetan
343 Tibeto-Burman Sino-Tibetan
344 Loloish Sino-Tibetan, Burmese-Lolo
345 Toba Batak Austronesian
346 Tocharian A Indo-European
347 Tocharian B Indo-European
348 Tojolabal Mayan, Mayan
349 Tok Pisin other, Creoles and Pidgins
350 Tolai Austronesian, Oceanic
351 Tubu Nilo-Saharan, Western Saharan
352 Tukano Tucanoan
353 Tupí Tupian
354 Tupi-Guaraní Tupian
355 Oghuric Altaic, Turkic
356 Turkish Altaic, Turkic
357 Tzeltal Mayan, Mayan
358 Chamula Tzotzil Mayan
359 Ukrainian Indo-European, Slavic
360 Unidentified
361 Upper Sorbian Indo-European, Slavic
362 Ute Uto-Aztecan, Numic
363 Vlax Romani Indo-European, Indic
364 Voltaic Niger-Congo
365 Walmajarri Australian, Pama-Nyungan
366 Wambaya Australian, West Barkly
367 Warlmanpa Australian, Pama-Nyungan
368 Warlpiri Australian, Pama-Nyungan
369 Warluwarra Australian, Pama-Nyungan
370 Warluwarric Australian, Pama-Nyungan
371 Warumungu Australian, Pama-Nyungan
372 Waskia Trans-New Guinea, Madang
373 Welsh Indo-European, Celtic
374 English (West African Coastal) Indo-European, Germanic
375 French (West African) Indo-European, Romance
376 Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian
377 Western Mayan Mayan
378 Wiradjuri Australian, Pama-Nyungan
379 Wolof Niger-Congo, Northern Atlantic
380 Tabgač Altaic, Mongolic
381 Xiongnu unclear
382 Yanyuwa Australian, Pama-Nyungan
383 Yao Niger-Congo, Bantoid
384 Yoruba Niger-Congo, Defoid
385 Yucatecan Mayan
386 Zaramo Niger-Congo, Bantoid
387 Zigua Niger-Congo, Bantoid
388 Kumyk Altaic, Turkic
389 Azeri Altaic, Turkic
390 Punic Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
391 Tongan Austronesian, Oceanic
392 Samoan Austronesian, Oceanic
393 Marquesan Austronesian, Oceanic
394 Croatian Indo-European, Slavic
395 Twi Niger-Congo, Kwa