Languages

The World Loanword Database (WOLD) contains information on loanwords, source words and other words in 395 languages.

Of these, 41 are called recipient languages, because we are interested in the loanwords that they have received from other languages. For each recipient language, there is a vocabulary.

The loanwords in these languages come from 369 different donor languages. These are the languages from which the recipient languages have taken the loanwords. 15 languages are both recipient languages and donor languages.

In the maps, recipient languages are shown by a red symbol, and donor languages are shown by a blue symbol.

For the recipient languages, the language ID number corresponds to the ordering to the chapters on the book Loanwords in the World's Languages. Languages are listed in rough geographical order from west to east, from Africa via Europe to Asia and the Americas, so that geographically adjacent languages are next to each other. For the other languages, the ID number has no particular significance.
This is the name of the language (or family, in the case of donor languages) that was adopted in the World Loanword Database. Alternative names can be found on the individual language pages.
This is the name of the highest family that is generally accepted to which the language belongs.
For recipient languages, this column shows the corresponding vocabulary.
ID Language Name Language Family Vocabulary
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43 Afro-Asiatic
44 Ainu Ainu, Ainu
45 Akkadian Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
46 Alanian Indo-European, Iranian
47 Albanian Indo-European, Albanian
48 Algonquian (Powhatan) Algic
49 Altaic
50 Aluku Indo-European, Germanic
51 Amharic Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
53 Arabic Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
155 Arabic (Hispanic) Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
163 Arabic (Indian Ocean) Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
200 Arabic (Maghrebi) Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
54 Arabic (Moroccan) Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
56 Arawakan
55 Arawakan (Haiti) Arawakan
16 Archi Nakh-Daghestanian, Lezgic Archi
57 Armenian Indo-European
59 Assyrian Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
60 Austro-Asiatic
61 Austronesian
62 Avar Nakh-Daghestanian, Avar-Andic-Tsezic
63 Aymara Aymaran, Aymaran
64 Azerbaijani Altaic, Turkic
389 Azeri Altaic, Turkic
65 Balinese Austronesian, Bali-Sasak
66 Baltic Indo-European
67 Banda Niger-Congo
68 Banjarese Austronesian, Malayic
42 Bantu Niger-Congo
69 Barbacoan
70 Bargam Trans-New Guinea, Madang
275 Batavian Portuguese Creole Indo-European, Romance
71 Bemba Niger-Congo, Bantoid
72 Bengali Indo-European, Indic
73 Benue-Congo Niger-Congo
74 Berber Afro-Asiatic
15 Bezhta Nakh-Daghestanian, Avar-Andic-Tsezic Bezhta
75 Bulgarian Indo-European, Slavic
76 Burushaski Burushaski, Burushaski
77 Buryat Mongolic
78 Cantonese Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
79 Carib Cariban, Cariban
80 Celtic Indo-European
81 Central Tai Tai-Kadai
26 Ceq Wong Austro-Asiatic, Aslian Ceq Wong
86 Chadic Afro-Asiatic
87 Cham Austronesian
88 Chamic Austronesian
358 Chamula Tzotzil Mayan
82 Ch’ao-chou Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
89 Chinese Sino-Tibetan
93 Chol Mayan, Mayan
83 Ch’olan Mayan
84 Ch’olti’ Mayan, Mayan
94 Chontal Tequistlatecan
85 Ch’orti’ Mayan
95 Chuj Mayan, Mayan
97 Classical Arabic Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
98 Classical Greek Indo-European, Greek
100 Comorian Niger-Congo, Bantoid
101 Coptic Afro-Asiatic, Egyptian-Coptic
394 Croatian Indo-European, Slavic
102 Cuzco Quechua Quechuan
103 Czech Indo-European, Slavic
104 Dagur Altaic, Mongolic
105 Datooga Nilo-Saharan, Nilotic
106 Dendi Nilo-Saharan, Songhay
107 Dharuk Australian, Pama-Nyungan
108 Dravidian
12 Dutch Indo-European, Germanic Dutch
137 Early New High German Indo-European, Germanic
113 Eastern Abenaki Algic, Algonquian
114 Eastern Bantu Niger-Congo, Bantoid
143 East Middle German Indo-European, Germanic
320 East Slavic Indo-European, Slavic
112 East Turkic Altaic, Turkic
52 Egyptian Afro-Asiatic
270 Elamite isolate
13 English Indo-European, Germanic English
161 English (Indian) Indo-European, Germanic
374 English (West African Coastal) Indo-European, Germanic
116 European Colonial Language
117 Evenki Altaic, Tungusic
118 Fennic Uralic
119 Fijian Austronesian, Oceanic
120 Finno-Ugric Uralic
121 Fon Niger-Congo, Kwa
122 Frankish Indo-European, Germanic
123 French Indo-European, Romance
124 French (Anglo-Norman) Indo-European, Romance
162 French (Indian Ocean) Indo-European, Romance
208 French (Mauritian) Indo-European, Romance
126 French (Picard) Indo-European, Romance
127 French (Walloon) Indo-European, Romance
375 French (West African) Indo-European, Romance
128 Ful Niger-Congo, Northern Atlantic
129 Gaelic Indo-European, Celtic
314 Gaelic (Scottish) Indo-European, Celtic
130 Gajirrabeng Australian, Djeragan
3 Gawwada Afro-Asiatic, Eastern Cushitic Gawwada
131 Gbe Niger-Congo, Kwa
133 Gedaged Austronesian, Oceanic
132 Ge‘ez Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
134 Georgian Kartvelian, Kartvelian
135 German Indo-European, Germanic
136 German (Austrian) Indo-European, Germanic
99 Germanic Indo-European
142 German (Upper Saxon) Indo-European, Germanic
145 Gothic Indo-European, Germanic
146 Greater Tzeltalan Mayan
147 Greek Indo-European, Greek
148 Guaraní Tupian, Tupi-Guaraní
149 Gününa Yajüch Chon
31 Gurindji Australian, Pama-Nyungan Gurindji
150 Guugu Yimidhirr Australian, Pama-Nyungan
151 Guyanese French Creole Indo-European, Romance
4 Hausa Afro-Asiatic, West Chadic Hausa
30 Hawaiian Austronesian, Oceanic Hawaiian
152 Hebrew Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
153 High German Indo-European, Germanic
154 Hindi-Urdu Indo-European
156 Hmong-Mien
90 Hokkien Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
157 Huastec Mayan, Mayan
158 Hungarian Uralic, Ugric
39 Hup Nadahup Hup
159 Igbo Niger-Congo, Igboid
160 Illyrian Indo-European
37 Imbabura Quechua Quechuan, Quechuan Imbabura Quechua
250 Indic Indo-European
164 Indo-European
165 Indo-Iranian Indo-European
27 Indonesian Austronesian, Malayic Indonesian
58 Indo-Portuguese Indo-European, Romance
167 Iranian Indo-European
2 Iraqw Afro-Asiatic, Southern Cushitic Iraqw
169 Italian Indo-European, Romance
171 Itzaj Mayan, Mayan
172 Jah Hut Austro-Asiatic, Aslian
173 Jaminjung Australian, Jaminjungan
21 Japanese Japanese, Japanese Japanese
174 Jaru Australian, Pama-Nyungan
175 Javanese Austronesian, Javanese
176 Jingulu West Barkly
38 Kali'na Cariban Kali'na
178 Kalmyk Altaic, Mongolic
179 Kam-Sui Tai-Kadai
180 Kannada Dravidian, Southern Dravidian
5 Kanuri Nilo-Saharan, Western Saharan Kanuri
181 Karelian Uralic, Finnic
182 Karranga Australian, Pama-Nyungan
183 Kaurna Australian, Pama-Nyungan
18 Ket Yeniseian, Yeniseian Ket
184 Khalkha Altaic, Mongolic
110 Khmer Austro-Asiatic, Khmer
177 K’iche’an Mayan, Mayan
185 Kija Djeragan
14 Kildin Saami Uralic, Saami Kildin Saami
186 Komi Uralic, Finnic
187 Kongo Niger-Congo, Bantoid
188 Konso Afro-Asiatic, Eastern Cushitic
189 Korean Korean, Korean
190 Kriol Indo-European, Germanic
388 Kumyk Altaic, Turkic
191 Kurdish Indo-European
192 Lak Nakh-Daghestanian, Lak-Dargwa
193 Lao Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai
194 Late Latin Indo-European, Romance
96 Latin Indo-European, Romance
198 Loango Bantoid
199 Lolo-Burmese Sino-Tibetan
344 Loloish Sino-Tibetan, Burmese-Lolo
10 Lower Sorbian Indo-European, Slavic Lower Sorbian
138 Low German Indo-European, Germanic
325 Macedonian Indo-European, Slavic
109 Madurese Austronesian, Madurese
201 Makua Niger-Congo, Bantoid
28 Malagasy Austronesian, Barito Malagasy
202 Malay Austronesian, Malayic
203 Malayalam Dravidian, Southern Dravidian
376 Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian
204 Malgwa Afro-Asiatic, Biu-Mandara
17 Manange Tibeto-Burman Manange
22 Mandarin Chinese Sino-Tibetan, Chinese Mandarin Chinese
205 Mande Niger-Congo
206 Mandinka Niger-Congo, Western Mande
207 Māori Austronesian (Eastern Malayo-Polynesian), Oceanic
41 Mapudungun Araucanian, Araucanian Mapudungun
393 Marquesan Austronesian, Oceanic
195 Medieval Latin Indo-European, Romance
209 Mende Niger-Congo, Western Mande
211 Middle Chinese Sino-Tibetan
212 Middle Dutch Indo-European, Germanic
213 Middle French Indo-European, Romance
139 Middle High German Indo-European, Germanic
214 Middle Iranian Indo-European
140 Middle Low German Indo-European, Germanic
215 Middle Mon Austro-Asiatic
216 Middle North Germanic Indo-European, Germanic
168 Middle Persian Indo-European
217 Mikmaq Algic, Algonquian
91 Min Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
218 Minangkabau Austronesian, Malayic
219 Miriwung Australian, Djeragan
220 Mixe-Zoquean Oto-Manguean
221 Mocho Mayan
222 Modern Khmer Austro-Asiatic
223 Modern Mon Austro-Asiatic
224 Mon Austro-Asiatic, Monic
226 Mongolian Altaic, Mongolic
227 Mongolic Altaic
225 Mon-Khmer Austro-Asiatic
228 Mopan Mayan, Mayan
229 Mudburra Australian, Pama-Nyungan
268 Munda Austro-Asiatic
230 Nahuatl Uto-Aztecan, Aztecan
231 Narragansett Algic, Algonquian
232 Neo-Latin Indo-European, Romance
233 Nepali Indo-European, Indic
141 New High German Indo-European, Germanic
234 Ngaliwurru Australian, Jaminjungan
235 Ngardi Australian, Pama-Nyungan
236 Ngarinyman Australian, Pama-Nyungan
197 Nheengatú Tupian
237 Niger-Congo
238 Nilo-Saharan
239 Nobonob Trans-New Guinea, Madang
92 Northern Chinese Sino-Tibetan
240 North Germanic Indo-European, Germanic
241 Norwegian Indo-European, Germanic
242 Nungali Jaminjungan
243 Nupe Niger-Congo, Nupoid
244 Nyamwezi Niger-Congo, Bantoid
245 Nyungar Australian, Pama-Nyungan
246 Occitan Indo-European, Romance
247 Oghur Altaic, Turkic
355 Oghuric Altaic, Turkic
248 Old Chinese Sino-Tibetan
125 Old French Indo-European, Romance
249 Old Frisian Indo-European, Germanic
11 Old High German Indo-European, Germanic Old High German
252 Old Irish Indo-European, Celtic
170 Old Italian Indo-European, Romance
253 Old Javanese Austronesian
254 Old Khmer Austro-Asiatic
255 Old Lithuaninian Indo-European
256 Old Mon Austro-Asiatic, Monic
257 Old Norse Indo-European, Germanic
258 Old Persian Indo-European
259 Old Provençal Indo-European, Romance
260 Old Russian Indo-European
261 Old Slavic Indo-European, Slavic
262 Old Thai Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai
263 Oromo Afro-Asiatic
20 Oroqen Tungusic Oroqen
264 Ossetian Indo-European, Iranian
35 Otomi Oto-Manguean, Otomian Otomi
265 Pacific Pidgin English Indo-European, Germanic
266 Pali Indo-European
267 Pama-Nyungan Australian
269 Persian Indo-European, Iranian
271 Phoenician Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
272 Pilagá Guaicuruan, Guaicuruan
273 Polish Indo-European, Slavic
274 Portuguese Indo-European, Romance
166 Portuguese (Indian) Indo-European, Romance
276 Pre-Malagasy Austronesian
277 Pre-Minangkabau Austronesian
278 Pre-Oromo Afro-Asiatic
279 Pre-Rangi Niger-Congo, Bantoid
280 Pre-Sandawe isolate
287 Proto-Altaic Altaic
282 Proto-Austroasiatic Austro-Asiatic
281 Proto-Austronesian Austronesian
283 Proto Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian
288 Proto-Chadic Afro-Asiatic
289 Proto-Finnic Uralic, Finnic
290 Proto-Germanic Indo-European, Germanic
291 Proto-Greater Kanjobalan Mayan
292 Proto-Hmong-Mien Hmong-Mien
293 Proto-Indo-European Indo-European
284 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian
295 Proto-Mixean Mixe-Zoque
294 Proto-Mixe-Zoquean Mixe-Zoque
296 Proto-Mongolic Altaic, Mongolic
285 Proto-Mon-Khmer Austro-Asiatic
286 Proto-Oceanic Austronesian, Oceanic
297 Proto-Semitic Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
298 Proto-Slavic Indo-European
299 Proto-Tai Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai
300 Proto-West Chadic Afro-Asiatic, West Chadic
301 Proto-Yucatecan Mayan
390 Punic Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
302 Q’anjob’alan Mayan
34 Q'eqchi' Mayan, Mayan Q'eqchi'
303 Qiangic Tibeto-Burman
304 Quechua Quechuan, Quechuan
305 Quiche Mayan
306 Ramoaaina Austronesian, Oceanic
307 Rarotongan Austronesian, Oceanic
308 Romance Indo-European, Romance
8 Romanian Indo-European, Romance Romanian
309 Russian Indo-European, Slavic
310 Ryukyuan Japanese
311 Saharan Nilo-Saharan
19 Sakha Altaic, Turkic Sakha
312 Sambaa Niger-Congo, Bantoid
392 Samoan Austronesian, Oceanic
313 Sandawe Khoisan, Sandawe
251 Sanskrit Indo-European, Indic
36 Saramaccan other, Creoles and Pidgins Saramaccan
9 Selice Romani Indo-European Selice Romani
315 Selkup Uralic, Samoyedic
316 Semitic Afro-Asiatic
317 Sena Niger-Congo, Bantoid
318 Serbian Indo-European
7 Seychelles Creole other, Creoles and Pidgins Seychelles Creole
319 Slavic Indo-European
321 Slovak Indo-European, Slavic
326 Slovenian Indo-European
322 Songhay Nilo-Saharan
323 South Aslian Austro-Asiatic, Aslian
328 South Cushitic Afro-Asiatic
329 Southern Chinese Sino-Tibetan
324 South Slavic Indo-European, Slavic
327 South Sulawesi Austronesian, Sulawesi
115 Spanish Indo-European, Romance
210 Spanish (Mexican) Indo-European, Romance
331 Sranan other, Creoles and Pidgins
332 Standard Arabic Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
333 Sundanese Austronesian, Sundanese
334 Suriname Portuguese Indo-European, Romance
1 Swahili Niger-Congo, Bantoid Swahili
380 Tabgač Altaic, Mongolic
335 Tahitian Austronesian, Oceanic
336 Tai Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai
337 Taino Arawakan
29 Takia Austronesian, Oceanic Takia
338 Tamasheq Afro-Asiatic, Berber
339 Tamil Dravidian, Southern Dravidian
6 Tarifiyt Berber Afro-Asiatic, Berber Tarifiyt Berber
340 Tatar Altaic, Turkic
23 Thai Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai Thai
341 Tharrgari Australian, Pama-Nyungan
342 Tibetan Sino-Tibetan
343 Tibeto-Burman Sino-Tibetan
345 Toba Batak Austronesian
346 Tocharian A Indo-European
347 Tocharian B Indo-European
348 Tojolabal Mayan, Mayan
349 Tok Pisin other, Creoles and Pidgins
350 Tolai Austronesian, Oceanic
391 Tongan Austronesian, Oceanic
351 Tubu Nilo-Saharan, Western Saharan
352 Tukano Tucanoan
353 Tupí Tupian
354 Tupi-Guaraní Tupian
111 Turkic Altaic
356 Turkish Altaic, Turkic
395 Twi Niger-Congo, Kwa
357 Tzeltal Mayan, Mayan
359 Ukrainian Indo-European, Slavic
360 Unidentified
361 Upper Sorbian Indo-European, Slavic
362 Ute Uto-Aztecan, Numic
24 Vietnamese Austro-Asiatic, Viet-Muong Vietnamese
363 Vlax Romani Indo-European, Indic
364 Voltaic Niger-Congo
196 Vulgar Latin Indo-European, Romance
365 Walmajarri Australian, Pama-Nyungan
366 Wambaya Australian, West Barkly
330 Wardaman Australian, Yangmanic
367 Warlmanpa Australian, Pama-Nyungan
368 Warlpiri Australian, Pama-Nyungan
369 Warluwarra Australian, Pama-Nyungan
370 Warluwarric Australian, Pama-Nyungan
371 Warumungu Australian, Pama-Nyungan
372 Waskia Trans-New Guinea, Madang
373 Welsh Indo-European, Celtic
377 Western Mayan Mayan
144 West Germanic Indo-European, Germanic
25 White Hmong Hmong-Mien, Hmong-Mien White Hmong
40 Wichí Matacoan, Matacoan Wichí
378 Wiradjuri Australian, Pama-Nyungan
379 Wolof Niger-Congo, Northern Atlantic
381 Xiongnu unclear
382 Yanyuwa Australian, Pama-Nyungan
383 Yao Niger-Congo, Bantoid
32 Yaqui Uto-Aztecan, Cahita Yaqui
384 Yoruba Niger-Congo, Defoid
385 Yucatecan Mayan
386 Zaramo Niger-Congo, Bantoid
387 Zigua Niger-Congo, Bantoid
33 Zinacantán Tzotzil Mayan, Mayan Zinacantán Tzotzil