Meaning 1.39: the waterfall

The Loanword Typology code is the identifier of the Loanword Typology meaning. Sorting by LWT Code sorts the meanings thematically by semantic field.

This column shows the labels of the Loanword Typology meanings. By clicking on a meaning label, you get more information about the meaning, as well as a list of all words that are counterparts of that meaning.

Meanings were assigned to semantic categories with word-class-like labels: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, function words. No claim is made about the grammatical behavior of words corresponding to these meanings. The categories are intended to be purely semantic.

The first 22 fields are the fields of the Intercontinental Dictionary Series meaning list, proposed by Mary Ritchie Key, and ultimately based on Carl Darling Buck's (1949) Dictionary of selected synonyms in the principal Indo-European languages. The other two fields were added for the Loanword Typology project.

Click on the field label to get a list of only those words that belong to that field.

This gives the average borrowed score of all words corresponding to this meaning. The following borrowed scores are assigned to words depending on the degree of likelihood of borrowing:

	score
1. clearly borrowed	1.00
2. probably borrowed	0.75
3. perhaps borrowed	0.50
4. very little evidence for borrowing	0.25
5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00

This gives the average age score of all words corresponding to this meaning. The following age scores are assigned to words depending on the estaimated age of their age class:

	score
1. first attested or reconstructed earlier than 1000	1.00
2. earlier than 1500	0.90
3. earlier than 1800	0.80
4. earlier than 1900	0.70
5. earlier than 1950	0.60
6. earlier than 2007	0.50

This gives the average simplicity score of all words corresponding to this meaning. The following simplicity scores are assigned to words depending on their analyzability:

	score
1. unanalyzable	1.00
2. semi-analyzable	0.75
3. analyzable	0.50

This column shows how many counterparts for this meaning there are in the 41 languages. The number can be higher than 41 because a language may have several counterparts for one meaning ("synonyms"), and it may be lower than 41, because not all languages may have a counterpart for a meaning.

Typical context:	The waterfall runs dry in the summer.
Semantic field:	The physical world
Semantic category:	Noun
Borrowed score :	0.22
Age score :	0.81
Simplicity score :	0.68

Counterpart words in the World Loanword Database
Voc. ID	Vocabulary	Word Form	Original Script	Borrowed status	Borrowed score	Age score	Simplicity score	Source Words
21	Japanese	taki	滝	5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	1.00	1.00
27	Indonesian	air terjun		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	1.00	0.50
3	Gawwada	(ʕanɗe) ʔí=t’aarama		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	1.00	0.50
37	Imbabura Quechua	fajcha		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	1.00	1.00
17	Manange	2kju tsʰara		1. clearly borrowed	1.00	0.70	0.50	chaharo ( Nepali )
36	Saramaccan	dán		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	0.90	1.00
29	Takia	you i-skalik da		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	0.50	0.50
19	Sakha	kürülgen		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	1.00	0.50	-lɣa(n) ( Mongolic )
41	Mapudungun	traytray ko		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	1.00	0.50
41	Mapudungun	witrun ko		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	1.00	0.50
34	Q'eqchi'	xpisk’ ha’		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	1.00	0.50
34	Q'eqchi'	pach’il ha’		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	1.00	0.50
6	Tarifiyt Berber	šāšā		1. clearly borrowed	1.00	1.00	1.00	šər’šər’ ( Arabic (Moroccan) ) Unidentifiable
2	Iraqw	hhahháy		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	0.50	1.00
7	Seychelles Creole	waterfall		1. clearly borrowed	1.00	0.70	0.75	waterfall ( English )
7	Seychelles Creole	delo fannen		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	0.90	0.50
7	Seychelles Creole	kaskad		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	0.90	1.00
1	Swahili	maporomoko (ya maji)		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	0.50	0.50
33	Zinacantán Tzotzil	yaleb vo'		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	1.00	0.75
24	Vietnamese	thác nước		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	1.00	0.50
26	Ceq Wong	jrəm		1. clearly borrowed	1.00	0.50	1.00	jeram ( Malayo-Polynesian )
12	Dutch	waterval		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	0.90	0.50
13	English	waterfall		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	1.00	0.50
40	Wichí	inot n’oyij		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	0.70	0.50
32	Yaqui	ba’akomwechia		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	0.70	0.50
18	Ket	qaʁɯn		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	0.70	0.50
35	Otomi	nzothe		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	0.50	0.50
39	Hup	hǔh		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	0.50	1.00
30	Hawaiian	wailele		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	0.90	0.50
16	Archi	ɬːan čaχːˤartːut mačʼ		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	0.50	0.50
14	Kildin Saami	kūššk	кӯшшк	5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	1.00	1.00
8	Romanian	cataractă		1. clearly borrowed	1.00	0.80	1.00	cataracte ( French ) cataracta ( Latin )
8	Romanian	cadere de apă		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	0.50	0.50
8	Romanian	cascadă		1. clearly borrowed	1.00	0.80	1.00	cascade ( French )
9	Selice Romani	ešíši		1. clearly borrowed	1.00	0.90	1.00	esís ( Hungarian )
31	Gurindji	yanturri		2. probably borrowed	0.75	1.00	1.00	yandurri ( Ngaliwurru )
38	Kali'na	tuna isolɨ		3. perhaps borrowed	0.50	0.50	0.50
15	Bezhta	ƛišiyo		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	1.00	0.50
25	White Hmong	dej poob tsag		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	0.50	0.50
23	Thai	náamtòk	น้ำตก	5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	0.50	0.50
23	Thai	tàat	ตาด	5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	1.00	1.00
22	Mandarin Chinese	pu4bu4	瀑布	5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	1.00	0.50
10	Lower Sorbian	wódopad		2. probably borrowed	0.75	0.80	0.50	wodopad ( Upper Sorbian )
10	Lower Sorbian	wódowy spad		5. no evidence for borrowing	0.00	0.80	0.50
28	Malagasy	rìana		1. clearly borrowed	1.00	0.50	1.00	riam ( Malay )