Meaning 1.59: the rainbow

The Loanword Typology code is the identifier of the Loanword Typology meaning. Sorting by LWT Code sorts the meanings thematically by semantic field.
This column shows the labels of the Loanword Typology meanings. By clicking on a meaning label, you get more information about the meaning, as well as a list of all words that are counterparts of that meaning.
Meanings were assigned to semantic categories with word-class-like labels: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, function words. No claim is made about the grammatical behavior of words corresponding to these meanings. The categories are intended to be purely semantic.

The first 22 fields are the fields of the Intercontinental Dictionary Series meaning list, proposed by Mary Ritchie Key, and ultimately based on Carl Darling Buck's (1949) Dictionary of selected synonyms in the principal Indo-European languages. The other two fields were added for the Loanword Typology project.

Click on the field label to get a list of only those words that belong to that field.

This gives the average borrowed score of all words corresponding to this meaning. The following borrowed scores are assigned to words depending on the degree of likelihood of borrowing:

  score
1. clearly borrowed 1.00
2. probably borrowed 0.75
3. perhaps borrowed 0.50
4. very little evidence for borrowing 0.25
5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00

This gives the average age score of all words corresponding to this meaning. The following age scores are assigned to words depending on the estaimated age of their age class:

  score
1. first attested or reconstructed earlier than 1000 1.00
2. earlier than 1500 0.90
3. earlier than 1800 0.80
4. earlier than 1900 0.70
5. earlier than 1950 0.60
6. earlier than 2007 0.50

This gives the average simplicity score of all words corresponding to this meaning. The following simplicity scores are assigned to words depending on their analyzability:

  score
1. unanalyzable 1.00
2. semi-analyzable 0.75
3. analyzable 0.50
This column shows how many counterparts for this meaning there are in the 41 languages. The number can be higher than 41 because a language may have several counterparts for one meaning ("synonyms"), and it may be lower than 41, because not all languages may have a counterpart for a meaning.
Typical context: After the storm, a rainbow appeared in the sky.
Semantic field: The physical world
Semantic category: Noun
Borrowed score : 0.14
Age score : 0.84
Simplicity score : 0.79
Counterpart words in the World Loanword Database
Voc. ID Vocabulary Word Form Original Script Borrowed status Borrowed score Age score Simplicity score Source Words
21 Japanese niji 虹 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 1.00 1.00
27 Indonesian pelangi 4. very little evidence for borrowing 0.25 1.00 1.00
27 Indonesian bianglala 1. clearly borrowed 1.00 0.90 1.00
3 Gawwada makarte 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 1.00 1.00
37 Imbabura Quechua kuychi 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 1.00 1.00
17 Manange 4ʃʌ 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 1.00 1.00
36 Saramaccan mutjáma 1. clearly borrowed 1.00 0.90 1.00
29 Takia galab 4. very little evidence for borrowing 0.25 0.50 1.00
19 Sakha kustuk 4. very little evidence for borrowing 0.25 0.50 1.00
41 Mapudungun relmu 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 1.00 1.00
34 Q'eqchi' kaqlaaq’ 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 1.00 0.75
6 Tarifiyt Berber ŧasřiŧ n wənz’ā 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 1.00 0.50
2 Iraqw ga/alér tluway 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 0.50 0.50
7 Seychelles Creole larkansyel 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 0.90 0.75
1 Swahili upinde (wa mvua) 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 1.00 0.50
33 Zinacantán Tzotzil vaknab 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 1.00 0.50
33 Zinacantán Tzotzil me7 k’inubal 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 1.00 0.50
24 Vietnamese cầu vồng 3. perhaps borrowed 0.50 1.00 0.50
26 Ceq Wong bayaŋ talon 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 0.50 0.50
12 Dutch regenboog 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 1.00 0.50
13 English rainbow 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 1.00 0.50
40 Wichí lawu 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 0.80 1.00
32 Yaqui kurues 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 1.00 1.00
35 Otomi ‘be̲jini 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 0.90 0.75
18 Ket aqqot 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 0.70 0.50
39 Hup cɔ́ 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 0.50 1.00
30 Hawaiian ānuenue 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 1.00 1.00
4 Hausa bàkán gízòo 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 1.00 0.50
5 Kanuri kə̀mármà 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 1.00 1.00
16 Archi χːˤološgértːi 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 0.50 0.50
11 Old High German reganbogo 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 1.00 0.50
14 Kildin Saami tīr’mes’-jūkks тӣрьмесь-ю̄ккс 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 0.50 0.50
8 Romanian curcubeu 4. very little evidence for borrowing 0.25 1.00 1.00
9 Selice Romani sivárváňi 1. clearly borrowed 1.00 0.90 1.00
31 Gurindji waji 3. perhaps borrowed 0.50 1.00 1.00
38 Kali'na palamu 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 0.50 1.00
15 Bezhta mašola 3. perhaps borrowed 0.50 1.00 1.00
25 White Hmong zaj sawv 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 0.50 0.50
23 Thai rúŋ (1) รุ้ง 3. perhaps borrowed 0.50 1.00 1.00
22 Mandarin Chinese cai3 hong2 彩虹 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 1.00 0.50
10 Lower Sorbian tyca 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 1.00 1.00
28 Malagasy àvana 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 0.50 1.00
28 Malagasy antsiben’andriamànitra 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 0.50 0.50
20 Oroqen ʃə:run 5. no evidence for borrowing 0.00 0.50 1.00