Meanings: Semantic Field The physical world

LWT code Meaning Semantic category Borrowed score Age score Simplicity score Representation
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LWT code

The Loanword Typology code is the identifier of the Loanword Typology meaning. Sorting by LWT Code sorts the words thematically by semantic field.

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Meaning

This column shows the labels of the Loanword Typology meanings. By clicking on a meaning label, you get more information about the meaning, as well as a list of all words that are counterparts of that meaning.

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Semantic category

Meanings were assigned to semantic categories with word-class-like labels: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, function words. No claim is made about the grammatical behavior of words corresponding to these meanings. The categories are intended to be purely semantic.

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Borrowed score

This gives the average borrowed score of all words corresponding to this meaning. The following borrowed scores are assigned to words depending on the degree of likelihood of borrowing:

 
score
1. clearly borrowed
1.00
2. probably borrowed
0.75
3. perhaps borrowed
0.50
4. very little evidence for borrowing
0.25
5. no evidence for borrowing
0.00

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Age score

This gives the average age score of all words corresponding to this meaning. The following age scores are assigned to words depending on the estaimated age of their age class:

 
score
1. first attested or reconstructed earlier than 1000
1.00
2. earlier than 1500
0.90
3. earlier than 1800
0.80
4. earlier than 1900
0.70
5. earlier than 1950
0.60
6. earlier than 2007
0.50

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Simplicity score

This gives the average simplicity score of all words corresponding to this meaning. The following simplicity scores are assigned to words depending on their analyzability:

 
score
1. unanalyzable
1.00
2. semi-analyzable
0.75
3. analyzable
0.50

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Representation

This column shows how many counterparts for this meaning there are in the 41 languages. The number can be higher than 41 because a language may have several counterparts for one meaning ("synonyms"), and it may be lower than 41, because not all languages may have a counterpart for a meaning.

1.89 the charcoal Noun 0.26 0.88 0.88 46
1.88 the firewood Noun 0.05 0.89 0.84 42
1.81 the fire Noun 0.04 0.94 0.99 42
1.83 the smoke Noun 0.08 0.84 0.93 44
1.82 the flame Noun 0.18 0.88 0.76 45
1.411 the savanna Noun 0.58 0.76 0.95 26
1.84 the ash Noun 0.15 0.87 0.92 43
1.87 the match Noun 0.67 0.74 0.87 52
1.86 to light Verb 0.06 0.82 0.77 53
1.9991 the spring Noun 0.00 0.67 0.67 2
1.329 the ocean Noun 0.61 0.81 0.79 35
1.324 the foam Noun 0.15 0.84 0.95 47
1.323 rough(2) Adjective 0.16 0.80 0.71 34
1.322 calm Adjective 0.26 0.87 0.84 35
1.831 the steam Noun 0.23 0.83 0.88 45
1.74 the fog Noun 0.14 0.86 0.91 48
1.75 the rain Noun 0.08 0.91 0.95 43
1.76 the snow Noun 0.24 0.89 0.93 36
1.77 the ice Noun 0.23 0.83 0.90 45
1.71 the air Noun 0.48 0.92 0.94 42
1.72 the wind Noun 0.17 0.91 0.99 45
1.73 the cloud Noun 0.16 0.89 0.94 45
1.78 the weather Noun 0.36 0.83 0.85 39
1.64 the dew Noun 0.16 0.87 0.90 50
1.63 the shade or shadow Noun 0.11 0.90 0.93 52
1.62 the darkness Noun 0.15 0.87 0.74 49
1.61 the light Noun 0.21 0.89 0.89 49
1.222 the cliff or precipice Noun 0.17 0.87 0.94 50
1.341 the lagoon Noun 0.39 0.82 0.88 24
1.343 the cape Noun 0.37 0.87 0.87 20
1.342 the reef Noun 0.24 0.82 0.80 23
1.52 the sun Noun 0.14 0.89 0.87 48
1.53 the moon Noun 0.28 0.89 0.96 49
1.51 the sky Noun 0.27 0.91 0.91 46
1.56 the thunder Noun 0.10 0.83 0.82 47
1.57 the bolt of lightning Noun 0.26 0.85 0.80 42
1.54 the star Noun 0.17 0.89 0.97 43
1.55 the lightning Noun 0.16 0.82 0.77 49
1.58 the storm Noun 0.24 0.79 0.80 48
1.59 the rainbow Noun 0.14 0.84 0.79 44
1.851 to burn(1) Verb 0.10 0.89 0.78 47
1.852 to burn(2) Verb 0.05 0.85 0.89 44
1.215 the sand Noun 0.10 0.88 0.93 46
1.214 the mud Noun 0.15 0.84 0.92 53
1.213 the dust Noun 0.23 0.89 0.93 55
1.212 the soil Noun 0.10 0.88 0.95 44
1.354 the high tide Noun 0.14 0.71 0.67 26
1.352 the tide Noun 0.17 0.77 0.71 24
1.353 the low tide Noun 0.12 0.79 0.68 20
1.99907 the river Noun 1.00 0.50 1.00 2
1.99906 the loam Noun 0.00 0.50 0.75 1
1.99905 the jade or jadeite Noun 1.00 0.60 1.00 1
1.99904 the constellation Noun 0.00 1.00 1.00 1
1.99903 the coal Noun 0.00 1.00 1.00 1
1.99901 the beach Noun 0.00 0.50 0.62 2
1.99909 the short dry season Noun 0.00 0.50 0.50 1
1.99908 the river mouth Noun 0.00 0.50 1.00 1
1.45 the earthquake Noun 0.25 0.81 0.67 40
1.44 the stone or rock Noun 0.10 0.89 0.96 54
1.41 the woods or forest Noun 0.16 0.86 0.94 59
1.43 the wood Noun 0.14 0.93 0.94 43
1.841 the embers Noun 0.25 0.80 0.83 44
1.1 the world Noun 0.40 0.84 0.86 48
1.362 the whirlpool Noun 0.10 0.77 0.71 41
1.99911 to blaze Verb 0.00 1.00 0.75 1
1.99912 to melt Verb 0.00 1.00 0.75 2
1.38 the swamp Noun 0.21 0.81 0.85 54
1.39 the waterfall Noun 0.22 0.81 0.68 45
1.31 the water Noun 0.09 0.90 0.99 45
1.32 the sea Noun 0.46 0.86 0.92 43
1.33 the lake Noun 0.21 0.84 0.92 47
1.34 the bay Noun 0.34 0.79 0.88 28
1.35 the wave Noun 0.13 0.81 0.88 46
1.36 the river or stream Noun 0.22 0.89 0.92 63
1.37 the spring or well Noun 0.21 0.81 0.85 66
1.771 the arctic lights Noun 0.22 0.72 0.56 16
1.775 to freeze Verb 0.13 0.84 0.77 37
1.861 to extinguish Verb 0.15 0.89 0.76 45
1.28 the cave Noun 0.20 0.81 0.87 49
1.23 the plain Noun 0.26 0.90 0.79 52
1.22 the mountain or hill Noun 0.17 0.89 0.97 73
1.21 the land Noun 0.27 0.90 0.94 50
1.27 the shore Noun 0.15 0.84 0.76 59
1.26 the mainland Noun 0.42 0.82 0.75 29
1.25 the island Noun 0.39 0.85 0.90 47
1.24 the valley Noun 0.18 0.84 0.89 46