Meanings: Semantic Field Speech and language

LWT code Meaning Semantic category Borrowed score Age score Simplicity score Representation
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LWT code

The Loanword Typology code is the identifier of the Loanword Typology meaning. Sorting by LWT Code sorts the words thematically by semantic field.

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Meaning

This column shows the labels of the Loanword Typology meanings. By clicking on a meaning label, you get more information about the meaning, as well as a list of all words that are counterparts of that meaning.

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Semantic category

Meanings were assigned to semantic categories with word-class-like labels: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, function words. No claim is made about the grammatical behavior of words corresponding to these meanings. The categories are intended to be purely semantic.

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Borrowed score

This gives the average borrowed score of all words corresponding to this meaning. The following borrowed scores are assigned to words depending on the degree of likelihood of borrowing:

 
score
1. clearly borrowed
1.00
2. probably borrowed
0.75
3. perhaps borrowed
0.50
4. very little evidence for borrowing
0.25
5. no evidence for borrowing
0.00

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Age score

This gives the average age score of all words corresponding to this meaning. The following age scores are assigned to words depending on the estaimated age of their age class:

 
score
1. first attested or reconstructed earlier than 1000
1.00
2. earlier than 1500
0.90
3. earlier than 1800
0.80
4. earlier than 1900
0.70
5. earlier than 1950
0.60
6. earlier than 2007
0.50

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Simplicity score

This gives the average simplicity score of all words corresponding to this meaning. The following simplicity scores are assigned to words depending on their analyzability:

 
score
1. unanalyzable
1.00
2. semi-analyzable
0.75
3. analyzable
0.50

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Representation

This column shows how many counterparts for this meaning there are in the 41 languages. The number can be higher than 41 because a language may have several counterparts for one meaning ("synonyms"), and it may be lower than 41, because not all languages may have a counterpart for a meaning.

18.28 the name Noun 0.09 0.88 0.95 44
18.67 the poet Noun 0.38 0.80 0.71 32
18.61 the book Noun 0.62 0.86 0.98 44
18.21 to speak or talk Verb 0.09 0.81 0.76 62
18.22 to say Verb 0.03 0.84 0.93 54
18.23 to be silent Verb 0.07 0.74 0.74 40
18.24 the language Noun 0.31 0.84 0.87 45
18.26 the word Noun 0.25 0.84 0.94 44
18.211 to stutter or stammer Verb 0.13 0.79 0.78 46
18.72 the drum Noun 0.39 0.81 0.97 45
18.44 to threaten Verb 0.12 0.81 0.75 42
18.45 to boast Verb 0.08 0.80 0.65 55
18.42 to call(2) Verb 0.08 0.80 0.69 50
18.43 to announce Verb 0.24 0.80 0.73 45
18.41 to call(1) Verb 0.11 0.82 0.82 46
18.39 to scold Verb 0.17 0.84 0.81 56
18.99908 to chat Verb 1.00 0.90 1.00 1
18.99909 to greet Verb 0.67 1.00 0.92 2
18.99906 the violin Noun 1.00 0.80 1.00 1
18.99907 the violin player Noun 1.00 0.80 0.75 1
18.99904 the poem Noun 1.00 1.00 1.00 1
18.38 to forbid Verb 0.32 0.79 0.78 42
18.99902 the hieroglyph or hieroglyphics Noun 1.00 0.60 1.00 1
18.99903 the joke Noun 0.50 0.95 1.00 2
18.99901 the fairy tale Noun 1.00 1.00 1.00 1
18.37 to refuse Verb 0.20 0.82 0.74 39
18.9991 to spell Verb 1.00 0.90 1.00 1
18.99905 the upper case or capital letter Noun 1.00 0.60 1.00 1
18.36 to promise Verb 0.32 0.82 0.70 41
18.74 the rattle Noun 0.20 0.80 0.86 33
18.11 the voice Noun 0.27 0.86 0.97 44
18.13 to shout Verb 0.10 0.79 0.87 52
18.12 to sing Verb 0.06 0.84 0.81 45
18.15 to whisper Verb 0.16 0.81 0.76 41
18.17 to whistle Verb 0.14 0.80 0.83 48
18.16 to mumble Verb 0.09 0.77 0.84 40
18.19 to howl Verb 0.04 0.85 0.85 40
18.18 to shriek Verb 0.18 0.76 0.86 43
18.35 to ask(2) Verb 0.09 0.84 0.88 46
18.34 to deny Verb 0.37 0.83 0.81 40
18.33 to admit Verb 0.36 0.82 0.70 43
18.32 to answer Verb 0.22 0.85 0.76 56
18.31 to ask(1) Verb 0.13 0.83 0.89 45
18.57 the pen Noun 0.73 0.82 0.90 50
18.73 the horn or trumpet Noun 0.47 0.79 0.92 45
18.222 the speech Noun 0.34 0.81 0.75 40
18.221 to tell Verb 0.14 0.79 0.77 46
18.56 the paper Noun 0.72 0.85 1.00 43
18.51 to write Verb 0.29 0.83 0.89 43
18.52 to read Verb 0.43 0.83 0.87 47
18.99911 to thank Verb 0.00 1.00 0.75 1
18.99912 to ululate Noun 0.00 0.50 0.50 1
18.71 the flute Noun 0.33 0.84 0.95 40