Swahili Vocabulary

by Thilo Schadeberg

The vocabulary contains 1830 meaning-word pairs from the recipient language Swahili. The corresponding text chapter was published in the book Loanwords in the World's Languages. The language page Swahili contains a list of all loanwords arranged by donor languoid.

Word LWT Code Meaning Borrowed Status Source Words
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Word

The word is given in the usual orthography or transcription, and in the usual citation form.

Click on a word to get even more information than is shown in this table.

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LWT Code

The Loanword Typology code is the identifier of the Loanword Typology meaning. Sorting by LWT Code sorts the words thematically by semantic field.

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Meaning

This column shows the labels of the Loanword Typology meanings. By clicking on a meaning label, you get more information about the meaning, as well as a list of all words that are counterparts of that meaning.

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Borrowed Status

There are five borrowed statuses, reflecting decreasing likelihood that the word is a loanword:

  1. clearly borrowed
  2. probably borrowed
  3. perhaps borrowed
  4. very little evidence for borrowing
  5. no evidence for borrowing
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Source Words

For (possible) loanwords, this column shows the words in the source languages that served as models.

dunia 1.1 the world 1. clearly borrowed
ulimwengu 1.1 the world 4. very little evidence for borrowing
nchi kavu 1.21 the land 5. no evidence for borrowing
udongo 1.212 the soil 5. no evidence for borrowing
vumbi 1.213 the dust 5. no evidence for borrowing
matope 1.214 the mud 5. no evidence for borrowing
mchanga 1.215 the sand 5. no evidence for borrowing
mlima 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing
kilima 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwamba (1) 1.222 the cliff or precipice 5. no evidence for borrowing
tambarare 1.23 the plain 5. no evidence for borrowing
bonde 1.24 the valley 5. no evidence for borrowing
kisiwa 1.25 the island 5. no evidence for borrowing
bara 1.26 the mainland 1. clearly borrowed
ufuko 1.27 the shore 5. no evidence for borrowing
pwani 1.27 the shore 5. no evidence for borrowing
pango 1.28 the cave 5. no evidence for borrowing
maji 1.31 the water 5. no evidence for borrowing
bahari 1.32 the sea 1. clearly borrowed
shwari, shuwari 1.322 calm 1. clearly borrowed
-chafuka 1.323 rough(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
povu 1.324 the foam 5. no evidence for borrowing
bahari 1.329 the ocean 1. clearly borrowed
ziwa (1) 1.33 the lake 5. no evidence for borrowing
ghuba 1.34 the bay 1. clearly borrowed
wangwa 1.341 the lagoon 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwamba (1) 1.342 the reef 5. no evidence for borrowing
rasi 1.343 the cape 1. clearly borrowed
wimbi (1) 1.35 the wave 5. no evidence for borrowing
maji (ya) kujaa na kupwa 1.352 the tide 5. no evidence for borrowing
maji kupwa 1.353 the low tide 5. no evidence for borrowing
maji kujaa 1.354 the high tide 5. no evidence for borrowing
mto (1) 1.36 the river or stream 5. no evidence for borrowing
chemchemi 1.37 the spring or well 5. no evidence for borrowing
kisima 1.37 the spring or well 5. no evidence for borrowing
kinamasi 1.38 the swamp 5. no evidence for borrowing
maporomoko (ya maji) 1.39 the waterfall 5. no evidence for borrowing
msitu 1.41 the woods or forest 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwitu 1.41 the woods or forest 5. no evidence for borrowing
mbuga 1.411 the savanna 3. perhaps borrowed
nyika 1.411 the savanna 5. no evidence for borrowing
savana 1.411 the savanna 1. clearly borrowed
mti 1.43 the wood 5. no evidence for borrowing
jiwe 1.44 the stone or rock 5. no evidence for borrowing
tetemeko (la ardhi) 1.45 the earthquake 5. no evidence for borrowing
mbingu 1.51 the sky 5. no evidence for borrowing
anga 1.51 the sky 5. no evidence for borrowing
jua 1.52 the sun 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwezi 1.53 the moon 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyota 1.54 the star 5. no evidence for borrowing
umeme 1.55 the lightning 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngurumo 1.56 the thunder 5. no evidence for borrowing
radi 1.57 the bolt of lightning 1. clearly borrowed
tufani 1.58 the storm 1. clearly borrowed
dhoruba, dharuba 1.58 the storm 1. clearly borrowed
kimbunga 1.58 the storm 5. no evidence for borrowing
upinde (wa mvua) 1.59 the rainbow 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwanga 1.61 the light 5. no evidence for borrowing
nuru 1.61 the light 1. clearly borrowed
giza, kiza 1.62 the darkness 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kivuli 1.63 the shade or shadow 5. no evidence for borrowing
umande 1.64 the dew 4. very little evidence for borrowing
hewa 1.71 the air 1. clearly borrowed
upepo 1.72 the wind 5. no evidence for borrowing
wingu 1.73 the cloud 5. no evidence for borrowing
ukungu 1.74 the fog 5. no evidence for borrowing
mvua 1.75 the rain 5. no evidence for borrowing
theluji 1.76 the snow 1. clearly borrowed
barafu 1.77 the ice 1. clearly borrowed
miali ya kaskazini ya dunia 1.771 the arctic lights 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ganda 1.775 to freeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
hali ya hewa 1.78 the weather 5. no evidence for borrowing
moto 1.81 the fire 5. no evidence for borrowing
ulimi wa moto 1.82 the flame 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwali 1.82 the flame 3. perhaps borrowed
moshi 1.83 the smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
mvuke 1.831 the steam 5. no evidence for borrowing
jivu 1.84 the ash 5. no evidence for borrowing
makaa (ya moto) 1.841 the embers 5. no evidence for borrowing
-unguza 1.851 to burn(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ungua 1.852 to burn(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
-waka 1.852 to burn(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
-washa 1.86 to light 5. no evidence for borrowing
-zima (1) 1.861 to extinguish 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiberiti 1.87 the match 1. clearly borrowed
kuni 1.88 the firewood 5. no evidence for borrowing
makaa 1.89 the charcoal 5. no evidence for borrowing
mtu 2.1 the person 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwanamume 2.21 the man 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwanamke 2.22 the woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiume 2.23 male(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kike 2.24 female(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
mtoto 2.25 the boy 5. no evidence for borrowing
mvulana 2.251 the young man 5. no evidence for borrowing
kijana 2.251 the young man 5. no evidence for borrowing
mtoto 2.26 the girl 5. no evidence for borrowing
msichana 2.261 the young woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
kijana 2.261 the young woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
mtoto 2.27 the child(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
mtoto mchanga 2.28 the baby 5. no evidence for borrowing
mume 2.31 the husband 5. no evidence for borrowing
mke 2.32 the wife 5. no evidence for borrowing
-oa 2.33 to marry 5. no evidence for borrowing
-olewa 2.33 to marry 5. no evidence for borrowing
arusi, harusi 2.34 the wedding 1. clearly borrowed
talaka 2.341 the divorce 1. clearly borrowed
baba 2.35 the father 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mama 2.36 the mother 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mzazi 2.37 the parents 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwana 2.41 the son 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwana 2.42 the daughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwana 2.43 the child(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaka 2.44 the brother 3. perhaps borrowed
ndugu 2.44 the brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkubwa 2.44 the brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
mdogo 2.44 the brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaka 2.444 the older brother 3. perhaps borrowed
mkubwa 2.444 the older brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
ndugu 2.444 the older brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
mdogo 2.445 the younger brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
ndugu 2.445 the younger brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
ndugu 2.45 the sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
dada 2.45 the sister 3. perhaps borrowed
dāda(t) (Arabic , uncertain)
mdogo 2.45 the sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkubwa 2.45 the sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
dada 2.454 the older sister 3. perhaps borrowed
dāda(t) (Arabic , uncertain)
mkubwa 2.454 the older sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
ndugu 2.454 the older sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
mdogo 2.455 the younger sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
ndugu 2.455 the younger sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
ndugu 2.456 the sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaka 2.456 the sibling 3. perhaps borrowed
dada 2.456 the sibling 3. perhaps borrowed
dāda(t) (Arabic , uncertain)
mkubwa 2.456 the sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing
mdogo 2.456 the sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkubwa 2.4561 the older sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing
ndugu 2.4561 the older sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaka 2.4561 the older sibling 3. perhaps borrowed
dada 2.4561 the older sibling 3. perhaps borrowed
dāda(t) (Arabic , uncertain)
mdogo 2.4562 the younger sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing
ndugu 2.4562 the younger sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing
pacha 2.458 the twins 5. no evidence for borrowing
babu 2.46 the grandfather 3. perhaps borrowed
mzee 2.461 the old man 5. no evidence for borrowing
bibi 2.47 the grandmother 3. perhaps borrowed
mzee 2.471 the old woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
mjukuu 2.48 the grandson 5. no evidence for borrowing
mjukuu 2.49 the granddaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
mjukuu 2.5 the grandchild 5. no evidence for borrowing
baba 2.51 the uncle 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mjomba 2.51 the uncle 5. no evidence for borrowing
mjomba 2.511 the mother's brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
baba 2.512 the father's brother 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ami, amu 2.512 the father's brother 1. clearly borrowed
mama 2.52 the aunt 4. very little evidence for borrowing
shangazi 2.52 the aunt 5. no evidence for borrowing
mama 2.521 the mother's sister 4. very little evidence for borrowing
shangazi 2.522 the father's sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwana 2.53 the nephew 5. no evidence for borrowing
mpwa 2.53 the nephew 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwana 2.54 the niece 5. no evidence for borrowing
mpwa 2.54 the niece 5. no evidence for borrowing
mpwa 2.541 the sibling’s child 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwana 2.541 the sibling’s child 5. no evidence for borrowing
ndugu 2.55 the cousin 5. no evidence for borrowing
binamu 2.55 the cousin 1. clearly borrowed
mjomba 2.55 the cousin 5. no evidence for borrowing
mpwa 2.55 the cousin 5. no evidence for borrowing
mababu 2.56 the ancestors 5. no evidence for borrowing
mzawa 2.57 the descendants 5. no evidence for borrowing
dhuria 2.57 the descendants 1. clearly borrowed
mkwe 2.61 the father-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkwe 2.611 the father-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkwe 2.62 the mother-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkwe 2.621 the mother-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkwe 2.622 the parents-in-law 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkwe 2.63 the son-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkwe 2.631 the son-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkwe 2.64 the daughter-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkwe 2.641 the daughter-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkwe 2.6411 the child-in-law 5. no evidence for borrowing
shemeji 2.6412 the sibling-in-law 5. no evidence for borrowing
wifi 2.6412 the sibling-in-law 5. no evidence for borrowing
baba wa kambo 2.71 the stepfather 5. no evidence for borrowing
mama wa kambo 2.72 the stepmother 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwana wa kambo 2.73 the stepson 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwana wa kambo 2.74 the stepdaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
yatima 2.75 the orphan 1. clearly borrowed
mjane 2.76 the widow 5. no evidence for borrowing
mjane 2.77 the widower 5. no evidence for borrowing
jamaa 2.81 the relatives 1. clearly borrowed
ndugu 2.81 the relatives 5. no evidence for borrowing
familia 2.82 the family 1. clearly borrowed
jamaa 2.82 the family 1. clearly borrowed
mimi 2.91 I 5. no evidence for borrowing
wewe 2.92 you (singular) 5. no evidence for borrowing
yeye 2.93 he/she/it 5. no evidence for borrowing
yeye 2.931 he 5. no evidence for borrowing
yeye 2.932 she 5. no evidence for borrowing
yeye 2.933 it 5. no evidence for borrowing
sisi 2.94 we 5. no evidence for borrowing
sisi 2.941 we (inclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing
sisi 2.942 we (exclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyinyi, ninyi 2.95 you (plural) 5. no evidence for borrowing
wao 2.96 they 5. no evidence for borrowing
mnyama 3.11 the animal 5. no evidence for borrowing
dume 3.12 male(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiume 3.12 male(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
jike 3.13 female(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kike 3.13 female(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
mfugo 3.15 the livestock 5. no evidence for borrowing
malishoni 3.16 the pasture 5. no evidence for borrowing
machungani 3.16 the pasture 5. no evidence for borrowing
mchungaji 3.18 the herdsman 5. no evidence for borrowing
zizi 3.19 the stable or stall 5. no evidence for borrowing
ng’ombe 3.2 the cattle 5. no evidence for borrowing
fahali 3.21 the bull 1. clearly borrowed
ng’ombe 3.23 the cow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ndama 3.24 the calf 5. no evidence for borrowing
kondoo 3.25 the sheep 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwanakondoo 3.29 the lamb 5. no evidence for borrowing
nguruwe (mwitu) 3.32 the boar 5. no evidence for borrowing
nguruwe 3.35 the pig 5. no evidence for borrowing
mbuzi 3.36 the goat 4. very little evidence for borrowing
beberu 3.37 the he-goat 2. probably borrowed
mwanambuzi 3.38 the kid 5. no evidence for borrowing
farasi 3.41 the horse 1. clearly borrowed
mwanafarasi 3.45 the foal or colt 5. no evidence for borrowing
punda 3.46 the donkey 5. no evidence for borrowing
baghala 3.47 the mule 1. clearly borrowed
jogoo 3.52 the cock/rooster 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuku (jike) 3.54 the hen 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuku 3.55 the chicken 5. no evidence for borrowing
bata bukini 3.56 the goose 5. no evidence for borrowing
bata 3.57 the duck 1. clearly borrowed
kiota, kioto 3.58 the nest 5. no evidence for borrowing
ndege 3.581 the bird 5. no evidence for borrowing
shakwe 3.582 the seagull 5. no evidence for borrowing
kulasitara, kulastara 3.583 the heron 5. no evidence for borrowing
yangeyange 3.583 the heron 5. no evidence for borrowing
kozi 3.584 the eagle 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwewe 3.585 the hawk 5. no evidence for borrowing
tai 3.586 the vulture 4. very little evidence for borrowing
tumbusi, tumbuzi 3.586 the vulture 5. no evidence for borrowing
popo 3.591 the bat 5. no evidence for borrowing
kasuku 3.592 the parrot 3. perhaps borrowed
kunguru 3.593 the crow 5. no evidence for borrowing
njiwa 3.594 the dove 5. no evidence for borrowing
bundi 3.596 the owl 5. no evidence for borrowing
mnandi 3.597 the cormorant 5. no evidence for borrowing
mbwa 3.61 the dog 5. no evidence for borrowing
sungura 3.614 the rabbit 5. no evidence for borrowing
paka 3.62 the cat 5. no evidence for borrowing
panya 3.63 the mouse or rat 5. no evidence for borrowing
samaki 3.65 the fish 1. clearly borrowed
pezi 3.652 the fin 5. no evidence for borrowing
gamba, mamba 3.653 the scale 5. no evidence for borrowing
mamba 3.653 the scale 5. no evidence for borrowing
matamvua (ya samaki) 3.654 the gill 5. no evidence for borrowing
shavu (la samaki) 3.654 the gill 5. no evidence for borrowing
konokono 3.655 the shell 5. no evidence for borrowing
kombe 3.655 the shell 5. no evidence for borrowing
papa 3.661 the shark 4. very little evidence for borrowing
pomboo 3.662 the porpoise or dolphin 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyangumi 3.663 the whale 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyenga 3.664 the stingray 5. no evidence for borrowing
taa (2) 3.664 the stingray 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkunga 3.665 the freshwater eel 5. no evidence for borrowing
simba 3.72 the lion 4. very little evidence for borrowing
dubu 3.73 the bear 1. clearly borrowed
nyani 3.76 the monkey 5. no evidence for borrowing
kima 3.76 the monkey 5. no evidence for borrowing
tumbili 3.76 the monkey 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngedere 3.76 the monkey 3. perhaps borrowed
ndovu 3.77 the elephant 5. no evidence for borrowing
tembo 3.77 the elephant 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngamia 3.78 the camel 1. clearly borrowed
mdudu 3.81 the insect 2. probably borrowed
chawa 3.811 the head louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
chawa 3.8112 the body louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiroboto 3.813 the flea 5. no evidence for borrowing
tandu 3.814 the centipede 4. very little evidence for borrowing
jongoo 3.814 the centipede 5. no evidence for borrowing
nge 3.815 the scorpion 5. no evidence for borrowing
mende 3.816 the cockroach 5. no evidence for borrowing
chungu (4) 3.817 the ant 5. no evidence for borrowing
siafu 3.817 the ant 5. no evidence for borrowing
sisimizi 3.817 the ant 5. no evidence for borrowing
sungusungu 3.817 the ant 5. no evidence for borrowing
buibui 3.818 the spider 5. no evidence for borrowing
utando (wa buibui) 3.819 the spider web 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyuki 3.82 the bee 5. no evidence for borrowing
nta 3.821 the beeswax 5. no evidence for borrowing
mzinga 3.822 the beehive 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyigu 3.823 the wasp 5. no evidence for borrowing
nzi 3.83 the fly 5. no evidence for borrowing
usubi 3.831 the sandfly or midge or gnat 5. no evidence for borrowing
mbu 3.832 the mosquito 5. no evidence for borrowing
kamba (1) 3.833 the prawns or shrimp 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mchwa 3.834 the termites 5. no evidence for borrowing
kupe 3.835 the tick 5. no evidence for borrowing
mnyoo 3.84 the worm 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyoka 3.85 the snake 5. no evidence for borrowing
sungura 3.863 the hare 5. no evidence for borrowing
kwale 3.865 the quail 5. no evidence for borrowing
tomboo, tomboro 3.865 the quail 5. no evidence for borrowing
kidiri 3.869 the squirrel 3. perhaps borrowed
kindi 3.869 the squirrel 5. no evidence for borrowing
kirukanjia 3.869 the squirrel 5. no evidence for borrowing
kichakuro 3.869 the squirrel 5. no evidence for borrowing
kangaruu 3.88 the kangaroo 1. clearly borrowed
muhanga 3.89 the anteater 1. clearly borrowed
kimulimuli 3.91 the firefly 5. no evidence for borrowing
kinyonga 3.913 the chameleon 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyati 3.917 the buffalo 5. no evidence for borrowing
mbogo 3.917 the buffalo 5. no evidence for borrowing
kipepeo 3.92 the butterfly 5. no evidence for borrowing
panzi 3.93 the grasshopper 5. no evidence for borrowing
konokono 3.94 the snail 5. no evidence for borrowing
koa 3.94 the snail 5. no evidence for borrowing
chura 3.95 the frog 5. no evidence for borrowing
mjusi 3.96 the lizard 5. no evidence for borrowing
mamba 3.97 the crocodile or alligator 5. no evidence for borrowing
kasa 3.98 the turtle 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ng’amba 3.98 the turtle 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwili 4.11 the body 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngozi 4.12 the skin or hide 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyama 4.13 the flesh 5. no evidence for borrowing
nywele 4.14 the hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
ndevu 4.142 the beard 5. no evidence for borrowing
malaika 4.144 the body hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
mavuzi 4.145 the pubic hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
mba 4.146 the dandruff 5. no evidence for borrowing
uyabisi 4.146 the dandruff 1. clearly borrowed
damu 4.15 the blood 1. clearly borrowed
dam (Arabic )
mshipa 4.151 the vein or artery 5. no evidence for borrowing
mfupa 4.16 the bone 5. no evidence for borrowing
ubavu 4.162 the rib 5. no evidence for borrowing
upembe 4.17 the horn 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkia 4.18 the tail 5. no evidence for borrowing
mgongo 4.19 the back 5. no evidence for borrowing
uti (wa mgongo) 4.191 the spine 5. no evidence for borrowing
kichwa 4.2 the head 5. no evidence for borrowing
panda (2) (la uso) 4.201 the temples 5. no evidence for borrowing
bapa la uso 4.201 the temples 5. no evidence for borrowing
fuvu, fuu (la kichwa) 4.202 the skull 5. no evidence for borrowing
bupuru (la kichwa) 4.202 the skull 5. no evidence for borrowing
ubongo, bongo 4.203 the brain 5. no evidence for borrowing
uso 4.204 the face 5. no evidence for borrowing
paji 4.205 the forehead 5. no evidence for borrowing
taya (la chini) 4.207 the jaw 5. no evidence for borrowing
shavu 4.208 the cheek 5. no evidence for borrowing
kidevu 4.209 the chin 5. no evidence for borrowing
jicho 4.21 the eye 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyusi 4.212 the eyebrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ukope 4.213 the eyelid 5. no evidence for borrowing
ukope 4.214 the eyelash 5. no evidence for borrowing
-pepesa (macho) 4.215 to blink 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kopesa (macho) 4.215 to blink 5. no evidence for borrowing
sikio 4.22 the ear 5. no evidence for borrowing
ndewe 4.221 the earlobe 5. no evidence for borrowing
nta ya sikio 4.222 the earwax 5. no evidence for borrowing
uchafu wa sikio 4.222 the earwax 5. no evidence for borrowing
pua 4.23 the nose 5. no evidence for borrowing
tundu la pua 4.231 the nostril 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwanzi wa pua 4.231 the nostril 5. no evidence for borrowing
kamasi 4.232 the nasal mucus 5. no evidence for borrowing
kinywa 4.24 the mouth 5. no evidence for borrowing
mdomo 4.24 the mouth 5. no evidence for borrowing
mdomo 4.241 the beak 5. no evidence for borrowing
mdomo 4.25 the lip 5. no evidence for borrowing
ulimi 4.26 the tongue 5. no evidence for borrowing
jino 4.27 the tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
ufizi 4.271 the gums 5. no evidence for borrowing
masine 4.271 the gums 4. very little evidence for borrowing
gego 4.272 the molar tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
shingo 4.28 the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing
kikosi 4.281 the nape of the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing
koo 4.29 the throat 5. no evidence for borrowing
bega 4.3 the shoulder 5. no evidence for borrowing
kombe (la mbega) 4.301 the shoulderblade 5. no evidence for borrowing
mtulinga 4.302 the collarbone 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkono 4.31 the arm 5. no evidence for borrowing
kwapa 4.312 the armpit 5. no evidence for borrowing
kisugudi 4.32 the elbow 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiko (1) 4.32 the elbow 5. no evidence for borrowing
kivi 4.32 the elbow 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiwiko (cha mkono) 4.321 the wrist 5. no evidence for borrowing
kilimbili 4.321 the wrist 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkono 4.33 the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiganja 4.331 the palm of the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
kidole (cha mkono) 4.34 the finger 5. no evidence for borrowing
(kidole) gumba 4.342 the thumb 5. no evidence for borrowing
ukucha 4.344 the fingernail 5. no evidence for borrowing
ukucha 4.345 the claw 5. no evidence for borrowing
mguu 4.35 the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing
paja 4.351 the thigh 4. very little evidence for borrowing
shavu la mguu 4.352 the calf of the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing
goti 4.36 the knee 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mguu 4.37 the foot 5. no evidence for borrowing
kifundo cha mguu, fundo la mguu 4.371 the ankle 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiwiko cha mguu 4.371 the ankle 5. no evidence for borrowing
kisigino 4.372 the heel 5. no evidence for borrowing
wayo 4.374 the footprint 5. no evidence for borrowing
kidole (cha mguu) 4.38 the toe 5. no evidence for borrowing
bawa 4.392 the wing 5. no evidence for borrowing
unyoya 4.393 the feather 5. no evidence for borrowing
kifua 4.4 the chest 5. no evidence for borrowing
ziwa (2) 4.41 the breast 5. no evidence for borrowing
titi 4.41 the breast 4. very little evidence for borrowing
titi 4.412 the nipple or teat 4. very little evidence for borrowing
viwele 4.42 the udder 5. no evidence for borrowing
kitovu 4.43 the navel 5. no evidence for borrowing
tumbo 4.431 the belly 5. no evidence for borrowing
moyo 4.44 the heart 5. no evidence for borrowing
mapafu 4.441 the lung 5. no evidence for borrowing
maini 4.45 the liver 5. no evidence for borrowing
figo 4.451 the kidney 5. no evidence for borrowing
wengu 4.452 the spleen 5. no evidence for borrowing
tumbo 4.46 the stomach 5. no evidence for borrowing
utumbo 4.461 the intestines or guts 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiuno 4.462 the waist 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyonga 4.463 the hip 5. no evidence for borrowing
tako 4.464 the buttocks 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ukano 4.465 the sinew or tendon 5. no evidence for borrowing
chupa ya uzazi 4.47 the womb 5. no evidence for borrowing
fuko la uzazi 4.47 the womb 5. no evidence for borrowing
kende 4.49 the testicles 5. no evidence for borrowing
pumbu 4.49 the testicles 5. no evidence for borrowing
mboo 4.492 the penis 5. no evidence for borrowing
dhakari 4.492 the penis 1. clearly borrowed
kuma 4.493 the vagina 3. perhaps borrowed
uke 4.494 the vulva 5. no evidence for borrowing
-pumua 4.51 to breathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
miayo 4.52 to yawn 5. no evidence for borrowing
kwikiwi 4.521 to hiccough 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kohoa 4.53 to cough 5. no evidence for borrowing
chafya 4.54 to sneeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
jasho 4.55 to perspire 4. very little evidence for borrowing
-tema (2) mate 4.56 to spit 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tapika 4.57 to vomit 5. no evidence for borrowing
-uma 4.58 to bite 5. no evidence for borrowing
-lamba, -ramba 4.59 to lick 5. no evidence for borrowing
udenda 4.591 to dribble 5. no evidence for borrowing
-lala 4.61 to sleep 5. no evidence for borrowing
-koroma 4.612 to snore 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ota (ndoto) 4.62 to dream 5. no evidence for borrowing
-amka 4.63 to wake up 5. no evidence for borrowing
-shuta 4.64 to fart 5. no evidence for borrowing
-jamba 4.64 to fart 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kojoa 4.65 to piss 5. no evidence for borrowing
-nya 4.66 to shit 5. no evidence for borrowing
-jamii 4.67 to have sex 1. clearly borrowed
-fanya mapenzi 4.67 to have sex 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tetema 4.68 to shiver 5. no evidence for borrowing
-oga 4.69 to bathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
-zaa 4.71 to beget 5. no evidence for borrowing
-zaliwa 4.72 to be born 5. no evidence for borrowing
mimba 4.73 pregnant 5. no evidence for borrowing
mjamzito 4.73 pregnant 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tunga mimba 4.732 to conceive 5. no evidence for borrowing
-pata mimba 4.732 to conceive 5. no evidence for borrowing
hai 4.74 to be alive 1. clearly borrowed
maisha 4.741 the life 1. clearly borrowed
-fa 4.75 to die 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fa 4.7501 dead 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fa maji 4.751 to drown 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ua 4.76 to kill 5. no evidence for borrowing
maiti 4.77 the corpse 1. clearly borrowed
mzoga 4.771 the carcass 5. no evidence for borrowing
-zika 4.78 to bury 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaburi 4.79 the grave 1. clearly borrowed
nguvu 4.81 strong 5. no evidence for borrowing
dhaifu 4.82 weak 1. clearly borrowed
mnyonge 4.82 weak 5. no evidence for borrowing
afya 4.83 healthy 1. clearly borrowed
-zima (2) 4.83 healthy 5. no evidence for borrowing
mgonjwa 4.84 sick/ill 5. no evidence for borrowing
homa 4.841 the fever 1. clearly borrowed
kororo (la shingo) 4.842 the goitre/goiter 5. no evidence for borrowing
mafua 4.843 the cold 5. no evidence for borrowing
ugonjwa 4.844 the disease 5. no evidence for borrowing
maradhi 4.844 the disease 1. clearly borrowed
kidonda 4.85 the wound or sore 5. no evidence for borrowing
chubuko 4.852 the bruise 5. no evidence for borrowing
uvimbe 4.853 the swelling 5. no evidence for borrowing
mnyeo 4.854 the itch 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwasho 4.854 the itch 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kuna 4.8541 to scratch 5. no evidence for borrowing
lengelenge 4.855 the blister 5. no evidence for borrowing
jipu 4.856 the boil 5. no evidence for borrowing
usaha 4.857 the pus 1. clearly borrowed
kovu 4.858 the scar 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ponya 4.86 to cure 5. no evidence for borrowing
mganga 4.87 the physician 5. no evidence for borrowing
daktari 4.87 the physician 1. clearly borrowed
dawa 4.88 the medicine 1. clearly borrowed
tiba 4.88 the medicine 1. clearly borrowed
sumu 4.89 the poison 1. clearly borrowed
-choka 4.91 tired 5. no evidence for borrowing
-pumzika 4.912 to rest 5. no evidence for borrowing
-vivu 4.92 lazy 5. no evidence for borrowing
upara 4.93 bald 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiwete 4.94 lame 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiziwi 4.95 deaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
bubu 4.96 mute 5. no evidence for borrowing
kipofu 4.97 blind 5. no evidence for borrowing
-lewa 4.98 drunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
uchi 4.99 naked 5. no evidence for borrowing
-la 5.11 to eat 5. no evidence for borrowing
chakula 5.12 the food 5. no evidence for borrowing
-bivu 5.121 cooked 5. no evidence for borrowing
-bichi 5.122 raw 5. no evidence for borrowing
-bivu 5.123 ripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
-bichi 5.124 unripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
-bovu 5.125 rotten 5. no evidence for borrowing
-nywa 5.13 to drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
njaa 5.14 to be hungry 4. very little evidence for borrowing
njaa 5.141 the famine 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kiu 5.15 to be thirsty 5. no evidence for borrowing
-amwa 5.16 to suck 5. no evidence for borrowing
-nyonya 5.16 to suck 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tafuna 5.18 to chew 5. no evidence for borrowing
-meza 5.181 to swallow 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kaba 5.19 to choke 3. perhaps borrowed
-zuia pumzi 5.19 to choke 5. no evidence for borrowing
-katia pumzi 5.19 to choke 5. no evidence for borrowing
-pika 5.21 to cook 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chemka 5.22 to boil 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kaanga 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing
-choma 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing
-oka 5.24 to bake 5. no evidence for borrowing
oveni 5.25 the oven 1. clearly borrowed
kiokeo 5.25 the oven 5. no evidence for borrowing
chungu (1) 5.26 the pot 4. very little evidence for borrowing
sufuria 5.26 the pot 1. clearly borrowed
birika 5.27 the kettle 2. probably borrowed
kikaango 5.28 the pan 5. no evidence for borrowing
bakuli 5.31 the dish 1. clearly borrowed
sahani 5.32 the plate 1. clearly borrowed
tasa 5.33 the bowl 1. clearly borrowed
gudulia 5.34 the jug/pitcher 1. clearly borrowed
jagi 5.34 the jug/pitcher 1. clearly borrowed
kikombe 5.35 the cup 5. no evidence for borrowing
kisahani 5.36 the saucer 5. no evidence for borrowing
kijiko 5.37 the spoon 5. no evidence for borrowing
kisu 5.38 the knife(1) 4. very little evidence for borrowing
uma 5.39 the fork 5. no evidence for borrowing
koleo 5.391 the tongs 5. no evidence for borrowing
chakula 5.41 the meal 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiamshakinywa, chamshakinywa 5.42 the breakfast 5. no evidence for borrowing
chakula cha asubuhi 5.42 the breakfast 5. no evidence for borrowing
chakula cha mchana 5.43 the lunch 5. no evidence for borrowing
chakula cha jioni 5.44 the dinner 5. no evidence for borrowing
chakula cha usiku 5.45 the supper 5. no evidence for borrowing
-menya 5.46 to peel 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chuja 5.47 to sieve or to strain 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chekecha 5.47 to sieve or to strain 5. no evidence for borrowing
-paa, -para 5.48 to scrape 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kwangua, -kwangura 5.48 to scrape 5. no evidence for borrowing
-changanya 5.49 to stir or to mix 5. no evidence for borrowing
-koroga 5.49 to stir or to mix 5. no evidence for borrowing
-vuruga 5.49 to stir or to mix 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkate 5.51 the bread 5. no evidence for borrowing
kinyunya 5.53 the dough 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kanda 5.54 to knead 5. no evidence for borrowing
unga 5.55 the flour 5. no evidence for borrowing
-saga 5.56 to crush or to grind 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ponda 5.56 to crush or to grind 5. no evidence for borrowing
-twanga 5.56 to crush or to grind 5. no evidence for borrowing
kinu 5.57 the mill 5. no evidence for borrowing
kinu 5.58 the mortar(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
mchi 5.59 the pestle 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyama 5.61 the meat 5. no evidence for borrowing
soseji 5.63 the sausage 1. clearly borrowed
supu 5.64 the soup 1. clearly borrowed
mboga 5.65 the vegetables 5. no evidence for borrowing
haragwe 5.66 the bean 3. perhaps borrowed
kiazi 5.7 the potato 2. probably borrowed
mbatata 5.7 the potato 1. clearly borrowed
tunda 5.71 the fruit 5. no evidence for borrowing
kicha 5.712 the bunch 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkungu (wa ndizi) 5.712 the bunch 5. no evidence for borrowing
tini 5.75 the fig 1. clearly borrowed
zabibu 5.76 the grape 1. clearly borrowed
lozi 5.77 the nut 1. clearly borrowed
korosho 5.77 the nut 2. probably borrowed
karanga 5.77 the nut 5. no evidence for borrowing
njugu 5.77 the nut 5. no evidence for borrowing
njugu mawe 5.77 the nut 5. no evidence for borrowing
kungu manga 5.77 the nut 5. no evidence for borrowing
kungu 5.77 the nut 5. no evidence for borrowing
popoo 5.77 the nut 2. probably borrowed
chikichi 5.77 the nut 5. no evidence for borrowing
zeituni 5.78 the olive 1. clearly borrowed
mafuta 5.79 the oil 5. no evidence for borrowing
mafuta 5.791 the grease or fat 5. no evidence for borrowing
chumvi 5.81 the salt 5. no evidence for borrowing
pilipili manga 5.82 the pepper 5. no evidence for borrowing
pilipili 5.821 the chili pepper 1. clearly borrowed
pilipili hoho 5.821 the chili pepper 5. no evidence for borrowing
asali 5.84 the honey 1. clearly borrowed
sukari 5.85 the sugar 1. clearly borrowed
maziwa 5.86 the milk 2. probably borrowed
-kama 5.87 to milk 5. no evidence for borrowing
jibini 5.88 the cheese 1. clearly borrowed
chizi 5.88 the cheese 1. clearly borrowed
siagi 5.89 the butter 2. probably borrowed
kinywaji 5.9 the drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
kangara 5.91 the mead 1. clearly borrowed
divai 5.92 the wine 1. clearly borrowed
< du vin (French )
mvinyo 5.92 the wine 1. clearly borrowed
pombe 5.93 the beer 5. no evidence for borrowing
bia 5.93 the beer 1. clearly borrowed
kileo 5.94 the fermented drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
yai 5.97 the egg 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiini cha yai 5.971 the yolk 5. no evidence for borrowing
-vaa 6.11 to put on 5. no evidence for borrowing
nguo 6.12 the clothing or clothes 5. no evidence for borrowing
mavazi 6.12 the clothing or clothes 5. no evidence for borrowing
mshonaji 6.13 the tailor 5. no evidence for borrowing
nguo 6.21 the cloth 5. no evidence for borrowing
kitambaa 6.21 the cloth 5. no evidence for borrowing
sufu 6.22 the wool 1. clearly borrowed
unyoya 6.22 the wool 5. no evidence for borrowing
kitani 6.23 the linen 1. clearly borrowed
pamba 6.24 the cotton 1. clearly borrowed
hariri 6.25 the silk 1. clearly borrowed
kitambaa gandamizo 6.27 the felt 5. no evidence for borrowing
unyoya 6.28 the fur 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngozi 6.29 the leather 5. no evidence for borrowing
-sokota nyuzi 6.31 to spin 5. no evidence for borrowing
pia 6.32 the spindle 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fuma 6.33 to weave 5. no evidence for borrowing
kitanda cha mfumi 6.34 the loom 5. no evidence for borrowing
-shona 6.35 to sew 5. no evidence for borrowing
sindano 6.36 the needle(1) 3. perhaps borrowed
maharazi 6.37 the awl 1. clearly borrowed
uzi 6.38 the thread 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tia rangi 6.39 to dye 5. no evidence for borrowing
joho 6.41 the cloak 1. clearly borrowed
gauni 6.42 the (woman's) dress 1. clearly borrowed
kanzu 6.42 the (woman's) dress 3. perhaps borrowed
koti 6.43 the coat 1. clearly borrowed
shati 6.44 the shirt 1. clearly borrowed
kimau 6.44 the shirt 1. clearly borrowed
ukosi 6.45 the collar 5. no evidence for borrowing
kola 6.45 the collar 1. clearly borrowed
sketi 6.46 the skirt 1. clearly borrowed
suruali 6.48 the trousers 1. clearly borrowed
soksi 6.49 the sock or stocking 1. clearly borrowed
kiatu 6.51 the shoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
buti 6.52 the boot 1. clearly borrowed
mshona viatu 6.54 the shoemaker 5. no evidence for borrowing
kofia 6.55 the hat or cap 1. clearly borrowed
chepeo 6.55 the hat or cap 1. clearly borrowed
mkanda, ukanda 6.57 the belt 5. no evidence for borrowing
glavu, glovu 6.58 the glove 1. clearly borrowed
shela 6.59 the veil 1. clearly borrowed
sitara, stara 6.59 the veil 1. clearly borrowed
barakoa 6.59 the veil 1. clearly borrowed
ukaya 6.59 the veil 5. no evidence for borrowing
buibui 6.59 the veil 5. no evidence for borrowing
mfuko 6.61 the pocket 5. no evidence for borrowing
kifungo 6.62 the button 5. no evidence for borrowing
pini 6.63 the pin 1. clearly borrowed
pambo 6.71 the ornament or adornment 5. no evidence for borrowing
urembo 6.71 the ornament or adornment 5. no evidence for borrowing
kito 6.72 the jewel 5. no evidence for borrowing
pete 6.73 the ring 5. no evidence for borrowing
bangili, bangiri 6.74 the bracelet 1. clearly borrowed
mkufu 6.75 the necklace 5. no evidence for borrowing
ushanga 6.76 the bead 5. no evidence for borrowing
hereni, herini 6.77 the earring 2. probably borrowed
kipuli 6.77 the earring 5. no evidence for borrowing
kilemba 6.78 the headband or headdress 5. no evidence for borrowing
dusumali 6.78 the headband or headdress 1. clearly borrowed
chale 6.79 the tattoo 5. no evidence for borrowing
chanjo 6.79 the tattoo 5. no evidence for borrowing
leso 6.81 the handkerchief or rag 1. clearly borrowed
taulo 6.82 the towel 1. clearly borrowed
kitana 6.91 the comb 5. no evidence for borrowing
chanuo 6.91 the comb 5. no evidence for borrowing
burashi, brashi 6.92 the brush 1. clearly borrowed
msuko 6.921 the plait/braid 5. no evidence for borrowing
msongo 6.921 the plait/braid 5. no evidence for borrowing
wembe 6.93 the razor 5. no evidence for borrowing
dawa ya kupaka 6.94 the ointment 5. no evidence for borrowing
sabuni 6.95 the soap 1. clearly borrowed
kioo 6.96 the mirror 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiatu cha theluji 6.98 the snowshoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
skii 6.98 the snowshoe 1. clearly borrowed
-kaa 7.11 to live 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ishi 7.11 to live 1. clearly borrowed
nyumba 7.12 the house 5. no evidence for borrowing
kibanda 7.13 the hut 5. no evidence for borrowing
hema 7.14 the tent 1. clearly borrowed
ua (1) 7.15 the yard or court 5. no evidence for borrowing
jiko 7.17 the cookhouse 5. no evidence for borrowing
chumba 7.21 the room 5. no evidence for borrowing
mlango 7.22 the door or gate 5. no evidence for borrowing
mhimili (wa mlango) 7.221 the doorpost 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwimo 7.221 the doorpost 5. no evidence for borrowing
kitasa 7.23 the lock 5. no evidence for borrowing
komeo 7.231 the latch or door-bolt 5. no evidence for borrowing
kufuli 7.232 the padlock 1. clearly borrowed
ufunguo 7.24 the key 5. no evidence for borrowing
dirisha 7.25 the window 1. clearly borrowed
sakafu 7.26 the floor 1. clearly borrowed
ukuta 7.27 the wall 5. no evidence for borrowing
jiko 7.31 the fireplace 5. no evidence for borrowing
jiko 7.32 the stove 5. no evidence for borrowing
stovu 7.32 the stove 1. clearly borrowed
dohani 7.33 the chimney 1. clearly borrowed
ngazi 7.37 the ladder 5. no evidence for borrowing
kitanda 7.42 the bed 5. no evidence for borrowing
mto (2) 7.421 the pillow 5. no evidence for borrowing
blangeti, blanketi 7.422 the blanket 1. clearly borrowed
kiti 7.43 the chair 5. no evidence for borrowing
meza 7.44 the table 1. clearly borrowed
taa (1) 7.45 the lamp or torch 2. probably borrowed
mshumaa 7.46 the candle 1. clearly borrowed
rafu 7.47 the shelf 1. clearly borrowed
hori 7.48 the trough 1. clearly borrowed
paa 7.51 the roof 5. no evidence for borrowing
maezeko 7.52 the thatch 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwamba (2) 7.53 the ridgepole 5. no evidence for borrowing
pau, pao 7.54 the rafter 1. clearly borrowed
kombamoyo 7.54 the rafter 5. no evidence for borrowing
boriti 7.55 the beam 3. perhaps borrowed
nguzo 7.56 the post or pole 5. no evidence for borrowing
mhimili 7.56 the post or pole 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwimo 7.56 the post or pole 5. no evidence for borrowing
ubao 7.57 the board 4. very little evidence for borrowing
tao 7.58 the arch 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwashi 7.61 the mason 5. no evidence for borrowing
tofali 7.62 the brick 1. clearly borrowed
mota (2) 7.63 the mortar(2) 1. clearly borrowed
chokaa 7.63 the mortar(2) 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kambi 7.65 the camp 1. clearly borrowed
ago 7.65 the camp 5. no evidence for borrowing
kitanda cha bembea 7.66 the hammock 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkulima 8.11 the farmer 5. no evidence for borrowing
shamba 8.12 the field 4. very little evidence for borrowing
bustani 8.13 the garden 1. clearly borrowed
-lima 8.15 to cultivate 5. no evidence for borrowing
ua (1) 8.16 the fence 5. no evidence for borrowing
mfereji 8.17 the ditch 1. clearly borrowed
plau 8.21 to plough/plow 1. clearly borrowed
mfuo 8.212 the furrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chimba 8.22 to dig 5. no evidence for borrowing
sepetu, sepeto 8.23 the spade 2. probably borrowed
beleshi 8.23 the spade 3. perhaps borrowed
koleo 8.24 the shovel 5. no evidence for borrowing
beleshi 8.24 the shovel 3. perhaps borrowed
shepe 8.24 the shovel 2. probably borrowed
sepetu, sepeto 8.24 the shovel 2. probably borrowed
jembe 8.25 the hoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
uma 8.26 the fork(2)/pitchfork 5. no evidence for borrowing
reki 8.27 the rake 1. clearly borrowed
-sia 8.31 to sow 5. no evidence for borrowing
-panda (1) 8.31 to sow 5. no evidence for borrowing
mbegu 8.311 the seed 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fyeka 8.32 to mow 5. no evidence for borrowing
mundu 8.33 the sickle or scythe 5. no evidence for borrowing
-puta 8.34 to thresh 5. no evidence for borrowing
uga (wa kupuria nafaka) 8.35 the threshing-floor 5. no evidence for borrowing
mavuno 8.41 the harvest 5. no evidence for borrowing
nafaka 8.42 the grain 1. clearly borrowed
ngano 8.43 the wheat 3. perhaps borrowed
shayiri 8.44 the barley 1. clearly borrowed
mahindi 8.47 the maize/corn 5. no evidence for borrowing
muhindi 8.47 the maize/corn 5. no evidence for borrowing
wali 8.48 the rice 2. probably borrowed
mchele 8.48 the rice 5. no evidence for borrowing
mpunga 8.48 the rice 5. no evidence for borrowing
jani 8.51 the grass 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyasi 8.51 the grass 5. no evidence for borrowing
mmea 8.53 the plant 5. no evidence for borrowing
-panda (1) 8.531 to plant 5. no evidence for borrowing
mzizi 8.54 the root 5. no evidence for borrowing
tawi 8.55 the branch 5. no evidence for borrowing
jani 8.56 the leaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
ua (2) 8.57 the flower 5. no evidence for borrowing
mti 8.6 the tree 5. no evidence for borrowing
muoki 8.61 the oak 1. clearly borrowed
mbetula 8.63 the birch 1. clearly borrowed
msonobari 8.64 the pine 5. no evidence for borrowing
msonobari 8.65 the fir 5. no evidence for borrowing
mzabibu 8.67 the vine 5. no evidence for borrowing
tumbaku 8.68 the tobacco 1. clearly borrowed
-vuta (sigara) 8.69 to smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiko (2) 8.691 the pipe 5. no evidence for borrowing
kisiki 8.72 the tree stump 5. no evidence for borrowing
shina 8.73 the tree trunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
panda (1) 8.74 the forked branch 5. no evidence for borrowing
gome 8.75 the bark 5. no evidence for borrowing
utomvu 8.76 the sap 5. no evidence for borrowing
mnazi 8.81 the palm tree 5. no evidence for borrowing
mtende 8.81 the palm tree 5. no evidence for borrowing
mchikichi 8.81 the palm tree 5. no evidence for borrowing
muwaa 8.81 the palm tree 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwale 8.81 the palm tree 5. no evidence for borrowing
nazi 8.82 the coconut 4. very little evidence for borrowing
dafu 8.82 the coconut 3. perhaps borrowed
chungwa 8.83 the citrus fruit 4. very little evidence for borrowing
limau 8.83 the citrus fruit 1. clearly borrowed
ndimu 8.83 the citrus fruit 1. clearly borrowed
chenza 8.83 the citrus fruit 2. probably borrowed
balungi 8.83 the citrus fruit 1. clearly borrowed
ndizi 8.84 the banana 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mlandawa 8.85 the banyan 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiazi 8.91 the sweet potato 2. probably borrowed
kiazi kitamu 8.91 the sweet potato 5. no evidence for borrowing
mtama 8.911 the millet or sorghum 3. perhaps borrowed
wimbi (2) 8.911 the millet or sorghum 5. no evidence for borrowing
ulezi 8.911 the millet or sorghum 5. no evidence for borrowing
uwele 8.911 the millet or sorghum 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiazi kikuu 8.912 the yam 5. no evidence for borrowing
muhogo 8.92 the cassava/manioc 2. probably borrowed
mung’unye, mumunya 8.93 the gourd 5. no evidence for borrowing
bodwe 8.93 the gourd 5. no evidence for borrowing
kibuyu 8.93 the gourd 5. no evidence for borrowing
mboko 8.93 the gourd 5. no evidence for borrowing
boga 8.931 the pumpkin or squash 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwanzi 8.94 the bamboo 4. very little evidence for borrowing
muwa 8.941 the sugar cane 4. very little evidence for borrowing
utupa 8.96 the fish poison 5. no evidence for borrowing
uyoga 8.98 the mushroom 5. no evidence for borrowing
jani 8.993 the needle(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
sonobari 8.996 the cone 1. clearly borrowed
-fanya 9.11 to do 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tenda 9.11 to do 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fanya 9.111 to make 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tengeneza 9.111 to make 5. no evidence for borrowing
kazi 9.12 the work 3. perhaps borrowed
-pinda 9.14 to bend 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kunja 9.15 to fold 5. no evidence for borrowing
-funga 9.16 to tie 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fungua 9.161 to untie 5. no evidence for borrowing
mnyororo 9.18 the chain 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkufu 9.18 the chain 5. no evidence for borrowing
kamba (2) 9.19 the rope 3. perhaps borrowed
fundo 9.192 the knot 5. no evidence for borrowing
-piga 9.21 to strike or hit or beat 5. no evidence for borrowing
-gongagonga 9.211 to pound 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kata 9.22 to cut 3. perhaps borrowed
-kata 9.221 to cut down 3. perhaps borrowed
-tema (1) kuni 9.222 to chop 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chanja, -changa 9.222 to chop 5. no evidence for borrowing
-choma 9.223 to stab 5. no evidence for borrowing
kisu 9.23 the knife(2) 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mkasi, makasi 9.24 the scissors or shears 1. clearly borrowed
shoka 9.25 the axe/ax 5. no evidence for borrowing
tezo 9.251 the adze 5. no evidence for borrowing
-vunja 9.26 to break 5. no evidence for borrowing
-vunjika 9.261 broken 5. no evidence for borrowing
-pasua 9.27 to split 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chana 9.28 to tear 4. very little evidence for borrowing
-rarua 9.28 to tear 5. no evidence for borrowing
-pasua 9.28 to tear 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chuna 9.29 to skin 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fikicha 9.31 to rub 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chua 9.31 to rub 5. no evidence for borrowing
-futa 9.311 to wipe 5. no evidence for borrowing
-pangusa 9.311 to wipe 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tanua 9.32 to stretch 5. no evidence for borrowing
-vuta 9.33 to pull 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tanda, -tandika, -tandaza 9.34 to spread out 5. no evidence for borrowing
-angika 9.341 to hang up 5. no evidence for borrowing
-gandamiza 9.342 to press 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kama 9.343 to squeeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
-minya 9.343 to squeeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
-songa 9.343 to squeeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
-mimina 9.35 to pour 5. no evidence for borrowing
-mwaga 9.35 to pour 5. no evidence for borrowing
-nawa 9.36 to wash 5. no evidence for borrowing
-oga 9.36 to wash 5. no evidence for borrowing
-osha 9.36 to wash 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fua 9.36 to wash 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fagia 9.37 to sweep 5. no evidence for borrowing
ufagio 9.38 the broom 5. no evidence for borrowing
kifaa 9.422 the tool 5. no evidence for borrowing
ala 9.422 the tool 1. clearly borrowed
chombo 9.422 the tool 5. no evidence for borrowing
zana 9.422 the tool 1. clearly borrowed
seremala 9.43 the carpenter 1. clearly borrowed
-jenga 9.44 to build 5. no evidence for borrowing
-pekecha 9.46 to bore 5. no evidence for borrowing
-toboa 9.46 to bore 5. no evidence for borrowing
-komba 9.461 to hollow out 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fukua 9.461 to hollow out 5. no evidence for borrowing
msumeno 9.48 the saw 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyundo 9.49 the hammer 5. no evidence for borrowing
msumari 9.5 the nail 1. clearly borrowed
gundi 9.56 the glue 1. clearly borrowed
gamu 9.56 the glue 1. clearly borrowed
gluu 9.56 the glue 1. clearly borrowed
ulimbo 9.56 the glue 5. no evidence for borrowing
sherisi 9.56 the glue 1. clearly borrowed
mhunzi (wa chuma) 9.6 the blacksmith 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fua 9.61 to forge 5. no evidence for borrowing
fuawe 9.62 the anvil 5. no evidence for borrowing
-subu 9.63 to cast 1. clearly borrowed
-kalibu 9.63 to cast 1. clearly borrowed
dhahabu 9.64 the gold 1. clearly borrowed
fedha 9.65 the silver 1. clearly borrowed
shaba 9.66 the copper 1. clearly borrowed
chuma 9.67 the iron 5. no evidence for borrowing
risasi 9.68 the lead 1. clearly borrowed
bati 9.69 the tin or tinplate 2. probably borrowed
mfinyanzi 9.71 the potter 5. no evidence for borrowing
-finyanga 9.72 to mould/mold 5. no evidence for borrowing
-umba 9.72 to mould/mold 5. no evidence for borrowing
udongo (wa mfinyanzi) 9.73 the clay 5. no evidence for borrowing
kioo 9.74 the glass 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fuma 9.75 to weave or plait/braid 5. no evidence for borrowing
-suka 9.75 to weave or plait/braid 3. perhaps borrowed
kikapu 9.76 the basket 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mkeka 9.77 the mat 5. no evidence for borrowing
jamvi 9.77 the mat 4. very little evidence for borrowing
zulia 9.771 the rug 1. clearly borrowed
kipepeo 9.79 the fan 5. no evidence for borrowing
feni 9.79 the fan 1. clearly borrowed
-pepea 9.791 to fan 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chonga 9.81 to carve 5. no evidence for borrowing
-nakshi, -nakishi 9.81 to carve 1. clearly borrowed
mchongaji (wa sanamu) 9.82 the sculptor 5. no evidence for borrowing
sanamu 9.83 the statue 1. clearly borrowed
patasi 9.84 the chisel 1. clearly borrowed
chembeo 9.84 the chisel 5. no evidence for borrowing
bumarengi 9.87 the boomerang 1. clearly borrowed
rangi 9.88 the paint 1. clearly borrowed
-tia rangi 9.89 to paint 5. no evidence for borrowing
-teka maji 9.9 to draw water 5. no evidence for borrowing
kigingi 9.91 the peg 5. no evidence for borrowing
mambo 9.91 the peg 5. no evidence for borrowing
kinoo 9.93 the whetstone 5. no evidence for borrowing
-sogeza 10.11 to move 5. no evidence for borrowing
-geuza 10.12 to turn 5. no evidence for borrowing
-pindua 10.12 to turn 5. no evidence for borrowing
-geuka 10.13 to turn around 5. no evidence for borrowing
-pinduka 10.13 to turn around 5. no evidence for borrowing
-viringisha 10.14 to wrap 5. no evidence for borrowing
-bingirisha 10.15 to roll 5. no evidence for borrowing
-angusha 10.16 to drop 5. no evidence for borrowing
-sokota 10.17 to twist 5. no evidence for borrowing
-songa 10.17 to twist 5. no evidence for borrowing
-inuka 10.21 to rise 5. no evidence for borrowing
-toka 10.21 to rise 5. no evidence for borrowing
-amka 10.21 to rise 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chomoza 10.21 to rise 5. no evidence for borrowing
-inua 10.22 to raise or lift 5. no evidence for borrowing
-anguka 10.23 to fall 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tona 10.24 to drip 5. no evidence for borrowing
-dondoka 10.24 to drip 5. no evidence for borrowing
-rusha 10.25 to throw 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tupa 10.25 to throw 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kamata 10.252 to catch 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tikisa 10.26 to shake 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tingisha 10.26 to shake 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tiririka 10.32 to flow 5. no evidence for borrowing
-zama 10.33 to sink 5. no evidence for borrowing
-elea 10.34 to float 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ogelea 10.35 to swim 5. no evidence for borrowing
mbizi 10.351 to dive 5. no evidence for borrowing
-rushia (maji) 10.352 to splash 5. no evidence for borrowing
-endesha kwa tanga 10.36 to sail 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ruka 10.37 to fly 5. no evidence for borrowing
-vuma 10.38 to blow 5. no evidence for borrowing
-puliza 10.38 to blow 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tambaa 10.41 to crawl 5. no evidence for borrowing
-piga magoti 10.412 to kneel 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chutama 10.413 to crouch 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kunyata 10.413 to crouch 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chuchumaa 10.413 to crouch 5. no evidence for borrowing
-teleza 10.42 to slide or slip 5. no evidence for borrowing
-serereka 10.42 to slide or slip 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ruka 10.43 to jump 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chupa 10.43 to jump 5. no evidence for borrowing
teke 10.431 to kick 5. no evidence for borrowing
-cheza ngoma 10.44 to dance 5. no evidence for borrowing
dansi 10.44 to dance 1. clearly borrowed
-enda kwa miguu 10.45 to walk 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tembea 10.45 to walk 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chechemea 10.451 to limp 5. no evidence for borrowing
chopi 10.451 to limp 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kimbia 10.46 to run 5. no evidence for borrowing
mbio 10.46 to run 5. no evidence for borrowing
-enda 10.47 to go 5. no evidence for borrowing
-panda (2) 10.471 to go up 5. no evidence for borrowing
-enda juu 10.471 to go up 5. no evidence for borrowing
-panda (2) 10.472 to climb 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kwea 10.472 to climb 5. no evidence for borrowing
-shuka 10.473 to go down 5. no evidence for borrowing
-teremka 10.473 to go down 5. no evidence for borrowing
-enda chini 10.473 to go down 5. no evidence for borrowing
-toka 10.474 to go out 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ja 10.48 to come 5. no evidence for borrowing
-rudi 10.481 to come back 1. clearly borrowed
-rejea 10.481 to come back 1. clearly borrowed
-ondoka 10.49 to leave 5. no evidence for borrowing
-toweka 10.491 to disappear 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tokomea 10.491 to disappear 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kimbia 10.51 to flee 5. no evidence for borrowing
-toroka 10.51 to flee 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fuata 10.52 to follow 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fuatilia 10.53 to pursue 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fika 10.55 to arrive 5. no evidence for borrowing
-karibia 10.56 to approach 5. no evidence for borrowing
-sogelea 10.56 to approach 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ingia 10.57 to enter 5. no evidence for borrowing
-beba 10.61 to carry 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chukua 10.61 to carry 5. no evidence for borrowing
-eleka 10.61 to carry 5. no evidence for borrowing
-leta 10.62 to bring 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tuma 10.63 to send 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ongoza 10.64 to lead 5. no evidence for borrowing
-endesha 10.65 to drive 5. no evidence for borrowing
-swaga 10.65 to drive 5. no evidence for borrowing
-panda (2) 10.66 to ride 5. no evidence for borrowing
-sukuma 10.67 to push 5. no evidence for borrowing
barabara (1) 10.71 the road 3. perhaps borrowed
njia 10.71 the road 5. no evidence for borrowing
njia 10.72 the path 5. no evidence for borrowing
daraja 10.74 the bridge 1. clearly borrowed
gari 10.75 the cart or wagon 1. clearly borrowed
gurudumu 10.76 the wheel 2. probably borrowed
ekseli 10.77 the axle 1. clearly borrowed
nira 10.78 the yoke 1. clearly borrowed
kongwa 10.78 the yoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
sleji 10.79 the sledge/sled 1. clearly borrowed
meli 10.81 the ship 1. clearly borrowed
< mail (English )
merikebu 10.81 the ship 1. clearly borrowed
chombo 10.81 the ship 5. no evidence for borrowing
jahazi 10.81 the ship 1. clearly borrowed
mashua 10.83 the boat 1. clearly borrowed
mtumbwi 10.831 the canoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngalawa 10.831 the canoe 2. probably borrowed
< gadawa (Malay )
matengo, matengu 10.832 the outrigger 5. no evidence for borrowing
rengo, rengu, mrengo, mrengu 10.832 the outrigger 5. no evidence for borrowing
ubao 10.832 the outrigger 4. very little evidence for borrowing
tendegu 10.832 the outrigger 5. no evidence for borrowing
chelezo 10.84 the raft 5. no evidence for borrowing
kasia 10.85 the oar 5. no evidence for borrowing
kafi 10.851 the paddle 4. very little evidence for borrowing
-piga makasia 10.852 to row 5. no evidence for borrowing
-vuta makasia 10.852 to row 5. no evidence for borrowing
usukani 10.86 the rudder 1. clearly borrowed
mlingoti 10.87 the mast 5. no evidence for borrowing
tanga 10.88 the sail 5. no evidence for borrowing
nanga 10.89 the anchor 1. clearly borrowed
bandari 10.91 the port 1. clearly borrowed
-fika pwani 10.92 to land 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tia nanga 10.92 to land 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tua 10.92 to land 5. no evidence for borrowing
-teremka 10.92 to land 5. no evidence for borrowing
-wa na … 11.11 to have 5. no evidence for borrowing
-miliki 11.12 to own 1. clearly borrowed
-twaa 11.13 to take 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chukua 11.13 to take 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fumbata 11.14 to grasp 5. no evidence for borrowing
-shika 11.14 to grasp 5. no evidence for borrowing
-shika 11.15 to hold 5. no evidence for borrowing
-pata 11.16 to get 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kaa na … 11.17 to keep 5. no evidence for borrowing
-hifadhi 11.17 to keep 1. clearly borrowed
kitu 11.18 the thing 5. no evidence for borrowing
-pa 11.21 to give 5. no evidence for borrowing
-toa 11.21 to give 5. no evidence for borrowing
-rudisha 11.22 to give back 5. no evidence for borrowing
-hifadhi 11.24 to preserve 1. clearly borrowed
-okoa 11.25 to rescue 5. no evidence for borrowing
-haribu 11.27 to destroy 1. clearly borrowed
-umiza 11.28 to injure 5. no evidence for borrowing
-jeruhi 11.28 to injure 1. clearly borrowed
-hasiri 11.29 to damage 1. clearly borrowed
-dhuru 11.29 to damage 1. clearly borrowed
-tafuta 11.31 to look for 1. clearly borrowed
-ona 11.32 to find 5. no evidence for borrowing
-pata 11.32 to find 5. no evidence for borrowing
-poteza 11.33 to lose 5. no evidence for borrowing
-acha 11.34 to let go 5. no evidence for borrowing
fedha 11.43 the money 1. clearly borrowed
pesa 11.43 the money 1. clearly borrowed
sarafu 11.44 the coin 1. clearly borrowed
tajiri 11.51 rich 1. clearly borrowed
maskini 11.52 poor 1. clearly borrowed
mwombaji 11.53 the beggar 5. no evidence for borrowing
choyo 11.54 stingy 5. no evidence for borrowing
bahili 11.54 stingy 1. clearly borrowed
-kopesha 11.61 to lend 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kopa 11.62 to borrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
-dai 11.63 to owe 1. clearly borrowed
-wia 11.63 to owe 5. no evidence for borrowing
deni 11.64 the debt 1. clearly borrowed
-lipa 11.65 to pay 5. no evidence for borrowing
bili 11.66 the bill 1. clearly borrowed
kodi 11.69 the tax 5. no evidence for borrowing
ushuru 11.69 the tax 1. clearly borrowed
-ajiri 11.77 to hire 1. clearly borrowed
-kodi 11.77 to hire 2. probably borrowed
kūṛhi (Hindi-Urdu , uncertain)
kūṛhi (Persian , uncertain)
mshahara 11.78 the wages 1. clearly borrowed
-chuma (mshahara, fedha) 11.79 to earn 5. no evidence for borrowing
-nunua 11.81 to buy 5. no evidence for borrowing
-uza 11.82 to sell 5. no evidence for borrowing
biashara 11.83 to trade or barter 1. clearly borrowed
mfanyabiashara 11.84 the merchant 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwenye duka 11.84 the merchant 5. no evidence for borrowing
soko 11.85 the market 1. clearly borrowed
duka 11.86 the shop/store 1. clearly borrowed
bei 11.87 the price 1. clearly borrowed
ghali 11.88 expensive 1. clearly borrowed
rahisi 11.89 cheap 1. clearly borrowed
-gawanya 11.91 to share 5. no evidence for borrowing
uzito 11.92 to weigh 5. no evidence for borrowing
uzani 11.92 to weigh 1. clearly borrowed
baada 12.01 after 1. clearly borrowed
nyuma 12.011 behind 5. no evidence for borrowing
katika 12.012 in 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ni 12.012 in 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ni 12.013 at 5. no evidence for borrowing
kando 12.02 beside 5. no evidence for borrowing
chini 12.03 down 5. no evidence for borrowing
kabla 12.04 before 1. clearly borrowed
mbele 12.041 in front of 5. no evidence for borrowing
ndani 12.05 inside 5. no evidence for borrowing
nje 12.06 outside 5. no evidence for borrowing
chini 12.07 under 5. no evidence for borrowing
juu 12.08 up 5. no evidence for borrowing
juu 12.081 above 5. no evidence for borrowing
mahali 12.11 the place 1. clearly borrowed
-weka 12.12 to put 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tia 12.12 to put 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kaa 12.13 to sit 5. no evidence for borrowing
-lala 12.14 to lie down 5. no evidence for borrowing
-simama 12.15 to stand 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ima 12.15 to stand 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kaa 12.16 to remain 5. no evidence for borrowing
-baki 12.16 to remain 1. clearly borrowed
-salia 12.16 to remain 5. no evidence for borrowing
mabaki 12.17 the remains 5. no evidence for borrowing
masalio 12.17 the remains 5. no evidence for borrowing
kombo 12.17 the remains 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kusanya 12.21 to gather 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chuma 12.21 to gather 5. no evidence for borrowing
-inua 12.212 to pick up 5. no evidence for borrowing
-lundika, -rundika 12.213 to pile up 5. no evidence for borrowing
-unga 12.22 to join 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tenga 12.23 to separate 5. no evidence for borrowing
-gawanya 12.232 to divide 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fungua 12.24 to open 5. no evidence for borrowing
-funga 12.25 to shut 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fumba 12.25 to shut 5. no evidence for borrowing
-funika 12.26 to cover 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ficha 12.27 to hide 5. no evidence for borrowing
juu 12.31 high 5. no evidence for borrowing
-refu 12.31 high 5. no evidence for borrowing
chini chini 12.32 low 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fupi 12.32 low 5. no evidence for borrowing
kilele 12.33 the top 1. clearly borrowed
chini 12.34 the bottom 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwisho 12.35 the end(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ncha 12.352 pointed 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chongoka 12.352 pointed 5. no evidence for borrowing
ukingo 12.353 the edge 5. no evidence for borrowing
upande 12.36 the side 5. no evidence for borrowing
kati 12.37 the middle 5. no evidence for borrowing
kulia (2) 12.41 right(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kushoto 12.42 left 5. no evidence for borrowing
karibu 12.43 near 1. clearly borrowed
mbali 12.44 far 5. no evidence for borrowing
mashariki 12.45 the east 1. clearly borrowed
magharibi 12.46 the west 1. clearly borrowed
kaskazini 12.47 the north 3. perhaps borrowed
kusini 12.48 the south 2. probably borrowed
-kua 12.53 to grow 5. no evidence for borrowing
-pima 12.54 to measure 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kubwa 12.55 big 4. very little evidence for borrowing
-dogo 12.56 small 5. no evidence for borrowing
-refu 12.57 long 5. no evidence for borrowing
-refu 12.58 tall 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fupi 12.59 short 5. no evidence for borrowing
-pana 12.61 wide 5. no evidence for borrowing
-embamba 12.62 narrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
-nene 12.63 thick 5. no evidence for borrowing
-embamba 12.65 thin 5. no evidence for borrowing
kina 12.67 deep 5. no evidence for borrowing
maji mbizi 12.67 deep 5. no evidence for borrowing
-refu 12.67 deep 5. no evidence for borrowing
maji maanga 12.68 shallow 5. no evidence for borrowing
kina kifupi 12.68 shallow 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fupi 12.68 shallow 5. no evidence for borrowing
bapa 12.71 flat 5. no evidence for borrowing
-nyooka 12.73 straight 5. no evidence for borrowing
-pindika 12.74 crooked 5. no evidence for borrowing
kulabu 12.75 the hook 1. clearly borrowed
kiopoo 12.75 the hook 5. no evidence for borrowing
pembe 12.76 the corner 5. no evidence for borrowing
kona 12.76 the corner 1. clearly borrowed
msalaba 12.77 the cross 1. clearly borrowed
mraba 12.78 the square 1. clearly borrowed
duara 12.81 round 1. clearly borrowed
mviringo 12.81 round 5. no evidence for borrowing
mviringo 12.82 the circle 5. no evidence for borrowing
duara 12.82 the circle 1. clearly borrowed
tufe 12.83 the ball 1. clearly borrowed
< top (Turkish )
mstari 12.84 the line 1. clearly borrowed
tundu 12.85 the hole 5. no evidence for borrowing
shimo 12.85 the hole 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fanana 12.92 similar 5. no evidence for borrowing
-badilisha 12.93 to change 5. no evidence for borrowing
sifuri 13 zero 1. clearly borrowed
-moja 13.01 one 5. no evidence for borrowing
-wili 13.02 two 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tatu 13.03 three 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ne 13.04 four 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tano 13.05 five 5. no evidence for borrowing
sita 13.06 six 1. clearly borrowed
saba 13.07 seven 1. clearly borrowed
-nane 13.08 eight 5. no evidence for borrowing
tisa 13.09 nine 1. clearly borrowed
kumi 13.1 ten 5. no evidence for borrowing
kumi na moja 13.101 eleven 5. no evidence for borrowing
kumi na mbili 13.102 twelve 5. no evidence for borrowing
kumi na tano 13.103 fifteen 5. no evidence for borrowing
ishirini 13.104 twenty 1. clearly borrowed
mia 13.105 a hundred 1. clearly borrowed
elfu 13.106 a thousand 1. clearly borrowed
-hesabu 13.107 to count 1. clearly borrowed
-ote 13.14 all 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ingi 13.15 many 5. no evidence for borrowing
zaidi 13.16 more 1. clearly borrowed
-chache 13.17 few 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tosha 13.18 enough 5. no evidence for borrowing
umati 13.19 the crowd 1. clearly borrowed
chungu (3) (nzima) 13.19 the crowd 5. no evidence for borrowing
-jaa 13.21 full 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tupu 13.22 empty 5. no evidence for borrowing
sehemu 13.23 the part 1. clearly borrowed
kipande 13.231 the piece 5. no evidence for borrowing
nusu 13.24 the half 1. clearly borrowed
pekee 13.33 only 5. no evidence for borrowing
peke 13.331 alone 5. no evidence for borrowing
kwanza 13.34 first 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwisho 13.35 last 5. no evidence for borrowing
pili 13.36 second 5. no evidence for borrowing
jozi 13.37 the pair 1. clearly borrowed
mara mbili 13.38 twice/two times 5. no evidence for borrowing
tatu 13.42 third 5. no evidence for borrowing
mara tatu 13.44 three times 5. no evidence for borrowing
wakati 14.11 the time 1. clearly borrowed
muda 14.11 the time 1. clearly borrowed
umri 14.12 the age 1. clearly borrowed
-pya 14.13 new 5. no evidence for borrowing
kijana 14.14 young 5. no evidence for borrowing
mzee 14.15 old 5. no evidence for borrowing
mapema 14.16 early 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chelewa 14.17 late 5. no evidence for borrowing
sasa 14.18 now 3. perhaps borrowed
mara moja 14.19 immediately 5. no evidence for borrowing
sasa hivi 14.19 immediately 5. no evidence for borrowing
upesi 14.21 fast 5. no evidence for borrowing
polepole 14.22 slow 5. no evidence for borrowing
haraka 14.23 to hurry 1. clearly borrowed
-chelewa 14.24 to be late 5. no evidence for borrowing
-anza 14.25 to begin 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwanzo 14.251 the beginning 5. no evidence for borrowing
-endelea 14.252 to last 5. no evidence for borrowing
-dumu 14.252 to last 1. clearly borrowed
mwisho 14.26 the end(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
-isha 14.27 to finish 5. no evidence for borrowing
-maliza 14.27 to finish 5. no evidence for borrowing
-koma 14.28 to cease 5. no evidence for borrowing
-acha 14.28 to cease 5. no evidence for borrowing
tayari 14.29 ready 1. clearly borrowed
kila mara 14.31 always 5. no evidence for borrowing
siku zote 14.31 always 5. no evidence for borrowing
mara nyingi 14.32 often 5. no evidence for borrowing
mara kwa mara 14.32 often 5. no evidence for borrowing
pengine 14.33 sometimes 5. no evidence for borrowing
mara nyingine 14.33 sometimes 5. no evidence for borrowing
karibu 14.331 soon 1. clearly borrowed
muda mrefu 14.332 for a long time 5. no evidence for borrowing
abadani 14.34 never 1. clearly borrowed
kamwe 14.34 never 5. no evidence for borrowing
tena 14.35 again 3. perhaps borrowed
mchana 14.41 the day(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
siku 14.411 the day(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
usiku 14.42 the night 5. no evidence for borrowing
mapambazuko 14.43 the dawn 5. no evidence for borrowing
alfajiri 14.43 the dawn 1. clearly borrowed
mawio, maawio 14.43 the dawn 5. no evidence for borrowing
macheo 14.43 the dawn 5. no evidence for borrowing
weupe wa alfajiri 14.43 the dawn 5. no evidence for borrowing
asubuhi 14.44 the morning 1. clearly borrowed
adhuhuri 14.45 the midday 1. clearly borrowed
jua kati 14.45 the midday 5. no evidence for borrowing
alasiri 14.451 the afternoon 1. clearly borrowed
jioni 14.46 the evening 5. no evidence for borrowing
leo 14.47 today 5. no evidence for borrowing
kesho 14.48 tomorrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
kesho kutwa 14.481 the day after tomorrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
jana 14.49 yesterday 5. no evidence for borrowing
juzi 14.491 the day before yesterday 5. no evidence for borrowing
saa 14.51 the hour 1. clearly borrowed
saa 14.53 the clock 1. clearly borrowed
juma 14.61 the week 1. clearly borrowed
wiki 14.61 the week 1. clearly borrowed
Jumapili 14.62 Sunday 5. no evidence for borrowing
Jumatatu 14.63 Monday 5. no evidence for borrowing
Jumanne 14.64 Tuesday 5. no evidence for borrowing
Jumatano 14.65 Wednesday 5. no evidence for borrowing
Alhamisi 14.66 Thursday 1. clearly borrowed
Ijumaa 14.67 Friday 1. clearly borrowed
Jumamosi 14.68 Saturday 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwezi 14.71 the month 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwaka 14.73 the year 5. no evidence for borrowing
majira ya baridi 14.74 the winter 5. no evidence for borrowing
majira ya kuchipua 14.75 the spring(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
majira ya joto 14.76 the summer 5. no evidence for borrowing
majira ya kupukutika kwa majani 14.77 the autumn/fall 5. no evidence for borrowing
majira 14.78 the season 1. clearly borrowed
-nukia 15.21 to smell(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
-nuka 15.21 to smell(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
-nusa, -nusanusa 15.212 to sniff 5. no evidence for borrowing
-nusa 15.22 to smell(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
harufu 15.22 to smell(2) 1. clearly borrowed
-nukia 15.25 fragrant 5. no evidence for borrowing
harufu nzuri 15.25 fragrant 5. no evidence for borrowing
manukato 15.25 fragrant 5. no evidence for borrowing
-nuka 15.26 stinking 5. no evidence for borrowing
ladha 15.31 to taste 1. clearly borrowed
-chapukia 15.31 to taste 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tamu 15.35 sweet 1. clearly borrowed
chumvi 15.36 salty 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chungu (2) 15.37 bitter 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chungu (2) 15.38 sour 5. no evidence for borrowing
-sikia 15.41 to hear 5. no evidence for borrowing
-sikiliza 15.42 to listen 5. no evidence for borrowing
sauti 15.44 the sound or noise 1. clearly borrowed
mlio 15.44 the sound or noise 5. no evidence for borrowing
sauti kubwa 15.45 loud 5. no evidence for borrowing
kelele, ukelele 15.45 loud 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kimya 15.46 quiet 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ona 15.51 to see 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tazama 15.52 to look 5. no evidence for borrowing
-onyesha 15.55 to show 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ng’aa 15.56 to shine 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ng’aa 15.57 bright 5. no evidence for borrowing
rangi 15.61 the colour/color 1. clearly borrowed
mwanga 15.62 light(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
-iva 15.62 light(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
giza, kiza 15.63 dark 4. very little evidence for borrowing
-eupe 15.64 white 5. no evidence for borrowing
-eusi 15.65 black 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ekundu 15.66 red 5. no evidence for borrowing
buluu, bluu 15.67 blue 1. clearly borrowed
kijani 15.68 green 5. no evidence for borrowing
manjano 15.69 yellow 1. clearly borrowed
< Unidentifiable (Tamil , uncertain)
-gusa 15.71 to touch 5. no evidence for borrowing
-finya 15.712 to pinch 5. no evidence for borrowing
-papasa 15.72 to feel 5. no evidence for borrowing
-gumu 15.74 hard 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ororo 15.75 soft 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kwaruza 15.76 rough(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
laini 15.77 smooth 1. clearly borrowed
-kali 15.78 sharp 5. no evidence for borrowing
butu 15.79 blunt 3. perhaps borrowed
-zito 15.81 heavy 5. no evidence for borrowing
-epesi 15.82 light(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
-lowana 15.83 wet 5. no evidence for borrowing
chepechepe 15.83 wet 5. no evidence for borrowing
majimaji 15.83 wet 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kavu 15.84 dry 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kauka 15.84 dry 5. no evidence for borrowing
joto 15.85 hot 5. no evidence for borrowing
moto 15.85 hot 5. no evidence for borrowing
joto 15.851 warm 5. no evidence for borrowing
moto 15.851 warm 5. no evidence for borrowing
baridi 15.86 cold 1. clearly borrowed
safi 15.87 clean 1. clearly borrowed
-chafu 15.88 dirty 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kunjakunja 15.89 wrinkled 5. no evidence for borrowing
kunyanzi 15.89 wrinkled 5. no evidence for borrowing
roho 16.11 the soul or spirit 1. clearly borrowed
-shangaa 16.15 surprised or astonished 5. no evidence for borrowing
bahati (njema) 16.18 the good luck 1. clearly borrowed
bahati mbaya 16.19 the bad luck 5. no evidence for borrowing
-furahi 16.23 happy 1. clearly borrowed
-cheka 16.25 to laugh 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tabasamu 16.251 to smile 1. clearly borrowed
-cheza 16.26 to play 5. no evidence for borrowing
-penda 16.27 to love 5. no evidence for borrowing
-busu 16.29 to kiss 1. clearly borrowed
-kisi (1) 16.29 to kiss 1. clearly borrowed
-kumbata 16.3 to embrace 5. no evidence for borrowing
maumivu 16.31 the pain 5. no evidence for borrowing
huzuni 16.32 the grief 1. clearly borrowed
wasiwasi 16.33 the anxiety 1. clearly borrowed
-juta 16.34 to regret or be sorry 4. very little evidence for borrowing
huruma 16.35 the pity 1. clearly borrowed
-lia (1) 16.37 to cry 5. no evidence for borrowing
chozi 16.38 the tear 5. no evidence for borrowing
kite 16.39 to groan 5. no evidence for borrowing
-gumia 16.39 to groan 5. no evidence for borrowing
-chukia 16.41 to hate 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kasirika 16.42 the anger 2. probably borrowed
hasira 16.42 the anger 1. clearly borrowed
wivu 16.44 the envy or jealousy 5. no evidence for borrowing
husuda, hasada, uhasidi 16.44 the envy or jealousy 1. clearly borrowed
kijicho 16.44 the envy or jealousy 5. no evidence for borrowing
aibu 16.45 the shame 1. clearly borrowed
-jivuna 16.48 proud 2. probably borrowed
majivuno 16.48 proud 5. no evidence for borrowing
fahari 16.48 proud 1. clearly borrowed
-thubutu 16.51 to dare 1. clearly borrowed
jasiri, -jasiri 16.52 brave 1. clearly borrowed
-piga moyo konde 16.52 brave 5. no evidence for borrowing
shujaa 16.52 brave 1. clearly borrowed
woga 16.53 the fear 5. no evidence for borrowing
hofu 16.53 the fear 1. clearly borrowed
hatari 16.54 the danger 1. clearly borrowed
-taka 16.62 to want 4. very little evidence for borrowing
-chagua 16.622 to choose 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tumaini, -tumai 16.63 to hope 1. clearly borrowed
-aminifu 16.65 faithful 5. no evidence for borrowing
kweli 16.66 true 5. no evidence for borrowing
uwongo 16.67 to lie(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
-danganya 16.68 the deceit 5. no evidence for borrowing
-samehe 16.69 to forgive 1. clearly borrowed
-ema 16.71 good 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ovu 16.72 bad 5. no evidence for borrowing
-baya 16.72 bad 5. no evidence for borrowing
sahihi 16.73 right(2) 1. clearly borrowed
barabara (2) 16.73 right(2) 1. clearly borrowed
sawa 16.73 right(2) 1. clearly borrowed
kosa 16.74 wrong 5. no evidence for borrowing
kosa 16.76 the fault 5. no evidence for borrowing
kosa 16.77 the mistake 5. no evidence for borrowing
lawama 16.78 the blame 1. clearly borrowed
sifa 16.79 the praise 1. clearly borrowed
-zuri 16.81 beautiful 5. no evidence for borrowing
-baya 16.82 ugly 5. no evidence for borrowing
uroho 16.83 greedy 5. no evidence for borrowing
-erevu 16.84 clever 5. no evidence for borrowing
stadi 16.84 clever 1. clearly borrowed
mjanja 16.84 clever 5. no evidence for borrowing
hodari 16.84 clever 1. clearly borrowed
mjuzi 16.84 clever 5. no evidence for borrowing
akili 17.11 the mind 1. clearly borrowed
mawazo 17.11 the mind 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fikiri 17.13 to think(1) 1. clearly borrowed
-waza 17.13 to think(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
-dhani 17.14 to think(2) 1. clearly borrowed
-fikiri 17.14 to think(2) 1. clearly borrowed
-amini 17.15 to believe 1. clearly borrowed
-fahamu 17.16 to understand 1. clearly borrowed
-jua 17.17 to know 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kisi (2) 17.171 to guess 1. clearly borrowed
-iga 17.172 to imitate 5. no evidence for borrowing
-onekana 17.18 to seem 5. no evidence for borrowing
dhana 17.19 the idea 1. clearly borrowed
wazo 17.19 the idea 5. no evidence for borrowing
hekima 17.21 wise 1. clearly borrowed
busara 17.21 wise 1. clearly borrowed
-pumbavu 17.22 stupid 5. no evidence for borrowing
mjinga 17.22 stupid 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwenye wazimu 17.23 mad 5. no evidence for borrowing
kichaa 17.23 mad 5. no evidence for borrowing
-rukwa na akili 17.23 mad 5. no evidence for borrowing
-jifunza 17.24 to learn 5. no evidence for borrowing
-soma 17.242 to study 4. very little evidence for borrowing
-fundisha 17.25 to teach 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwanafunzi 17.26 the pupil 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwalimu 17.27 the teacher 1. clearly borrowed
shule 17.28 the school 1. clearly borrowed
skuli 17.28 the school 1. clearly borrowed
-kumbuka 17.31 to remember 5. no evidence for borrowing
-sahau 17.32 to forget 1. clearly borrowed
wazi 17.34 clear 2. probably borrowed
-elea 17.34 clear 5. no evidence for borrowing
dhahiri 17.34 clear 1. clearly borrowed
siri 17.36 secret 1. clearly borrowed
hakika 17.37 certain 1. clearly borrowed
-eleza 17.38 to explain 5. no evidence for borrowing
nia 17.41 the intention 1. clearly borrowed
kusudi 17.41 the intention 1. clearly borrowed
dhamira 17.41 the intention 1. clearly borrowed
sababu 17.42 the cause 1. clearly borrowed
shaka 17.43 the doubt 1. clearly borrowed
-shuku 17.44 to suspect 1. clearly borrowed
-tilia shaka 17.44 to suspect 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tuhumu 17.44 to suspect 1. clearly borrowed
-haini 17.441 to betray 1. clearly borrowed
-saliti 17.441 to betray 1. clearly borrowed
-fichua siri 17.441 to betray 5. no evidence for borrowing
lazima 17.45 the need or necessity 1. clearly borrowed
rahisi 17.46 easy 1. clearly borrowed
-gumu 17.47 difficult 5. no evidence for borrowing
-jaribu 17.48 to try 1. clearly borrowed
namna 17.49 the manner 1. clearly borrowed
na 17.51 and 5. no evidence for borrowing
(kwa) sababu 17.52 because 5. no evidence for borrowing
ikiwa 17.53 if 5. no evidence for borrowing
kama 17.53 if 1. clearly borrowed
iwapo 17.53 if 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ki- 17.53 if 5. no evidence for borrowing
-nge-, -ngali- 17.53 if 5. no evidence for borrowing
au 17.54 or 1. clearly borrowed
ndiyo 17.55 yes 5. no evidence for borrowing
siyo 17.56 no 5. no evidence for borrowing
vipi 17.61 how? 5. no evidence for borrowing
-je 17.61 how? 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ngapi 17.62 how many? 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ngapi 17.63 how much? 5. no evidence for borrowing
nini 17.64 what? 5. no evidence for borrowing
lini 17.65 when? 5. no evidence for borrowing
wapi 17.66 where? 5. no evidence for borrowing
-pi 17.67 which? 5. no evidence for borrowing
nani 17.68 who? 5. no evidence for borrowing
kwa nini 17.69 why? 5. no evidence for borrowing
(kwa) sababu gani 17.69 why? 5. no evidence for borrowing
sauti 18.11 the voice 1. clearly borrowed
-imba 18.12 to sing 5. no evidence for borrowing
kelele, ukelele 18.13 to shout 4. very little evidence for borrowing
-nong’ona 18.15 to whisper 5. no evidence for borrowing
-munyamunya 18.16 to mumble 5. no evidence for borrowing
mluzi 18.17 to whistle 5. no evidence for borrowing
unyende 18.18 to shriek 5. no evidence for borrowing
-lia (1) (mlio mkali) 18.19 to howl 5. no evidence for borrowing
-nguruma 18.19 to howl 5. no evidence for borrowing
-sema 18.21 to speak or talk 3. perhaps borrowed
-nena 18.21 to speak or talk 5. no evidence for borrowing
-gugumia 18.211 to stutter or stammer 5. no evidence for borrowing
-babaika 18.211 to stutter or stammer 5. no evidence for borrowing
-sema 18.22 to say 3. perhaps borrowed
-ambia 18.22 to say 5. no evidence for borrowing
-simulia 18.221 to tell 3. perhaps borrowed
hotuba 18.222 the speech 1. clearly borrowed
-nyamaa 18.23 to be silent 5. no evidence for borrowing
lugha 18.24 the language 1. clearly borrowed
neno 18.26 the word 5. no evidence for borrowing
jina 18.28 the name 5. no evidence for borrowing
-uliza 18.31 to ask(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
-jibu 18.32 to answer 1. clearly borrowed
-kiri 18.33 to admit 1. clearly borrowed
-ungama 18.33 to admit 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kana 18.34 to deny 5. no evidence for borrowing
-omba 18.35 to ask(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ahidi 18.36 to promise 1. clearly borrowed
-kataa 18.37 to refuse 3. perhaps borrowed
-kataza 18.38 to forbid 5. no evidence for borrowing
-karipia 18.39 to scold 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kemea 18.39 to scold 3. perhaps borrowed
-ita 18.41 to call(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ita 18.42 to call(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tangaza 18.43 to announce 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tisha 18.44 to threaten 5. no evidence for borrowing
-jisifu 18.45 to boast 5. no evidence for borrowing
-jiona 18.45 to boast 5. no evidence for borrowing
-jigamba 18.45 to boast 2. probably borrowed
-andika 18.51 to write 5. no evidence for borrowing
-soma 18.52 to read 4. very little evidence for borrowing
karatasi 18.56 the paper 1. clearly borrowed
kalamu 18.57 the pen 1. clearly borrowed
kitabu 18.61 the book 1. clearly borrowed
mshairi 18.67 the poet 5. no evidence for borrowing
filimbi 18.71 the flute 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngoma 18.72 the drum 5. no evidence for borrowing
-salimu 18.99909 to greet 1. clearly borrowed
tarumbeta 18.73 the horn or trumpet 1. clearly borrowed
baragumu 18.73 the horn or trumpet 4. very little evidence for borrowing
siwa 18.73 the horn or trumpet 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mbiu 18.73 the horn or trumpet 5. no evidence for borrowing
kayamba 18.74 the rattle 5. no evidence for borrowing
manyanga 18.74 the rattle 5. no evidence for borrowing
nchi 19.11 the country 5. no evidence for borrowing
mji 19.15 the town 5. no evidence for borrowing
kijiji 19.16 the village 5. no evidence for borrowing
mpaka 19.17 the boundary 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mwananchi 19.21 the people 5. no evidence for borrowing
ukoo 19.23 the clan 5. no evidence for borrowing
fumo 19.24 the chieftain 5. no evidence for borrowing
jumbe 19.24 the chieftain 5. no evidence for borrowing
shehe, shekh, sheik 19.24 the chieftain 1. clearly borrowed
bakora 19.25 the walking stick 3. perhaps borrowed
-tawala 19.31 to rule or govern 1. clearly borrowed
mfalme 19.32 the king 5. no evidence for borrowing
sultani 19.32 the king 1. clearly borrowed
malkia 19.33 the queen 1. clearly borrowed
muungwana 19.36 the noble 5. no evidence for borrowing
raia 19.37 the citizen 1. clearly borrowed
bwana 19.41 the master 2. probably borrowed
mtumwa 19.42 the slave 5. no evidence for borrowing
mtumishi 19.43 the servant 5. no evidence for borrowing
huru 19.44 the freeman 1. clearly borrowed
-komboa 19.445 to liberate 5. no evidence for borrowing
-amuru 19.45 to command or order 1. clearly borrowed
amri 19.45 to command or order 1. clearly borrowed
-tii 19.46 to obey 1. clearly borrowed
-ruhusu 19.47 to permit 1. clearly borrowed
rafiki 19.51 the friend 1. clearly borrowed
adui 19.52 the enemy 1. clearly borrowed
jirani 19.54 the neighbour 1. clearly borrowed
mgeni 19.55 the stranger 5. no evidence for borrowing
mgeni 19.56 the guest 5. no evidence for borrowing
-alika 19.565 to invite 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwenyeji 19.57 the host 5. no evidence for borrowing
-saidia 19.58 to help 1. clearly borrowed
-zuia 19.59 to prevent 5. no evidence for borrowing
desturi 19.61 the custom 1. clearly borrowed
mila 19.61 the custom 1. clearly borrowed
ugomvi 19.62 the quarrel 5. no evidence for borrowing
njama 19.63 the plot 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kutana 19.65 to meet 5. no evidence for borrowing
malaya 19.72 the prostitute 2. probably borrowed
kahaba 19.72 the prostitute 1. clearly borrowed
-pigana 20.11 to fight 5. no evidence for borrowing
vita 20.13 the war or battle 5. no evidence for borrowing
salama 20.14 the peace 1. clearly borrowed
jeshi 20.15 the army 1. clearly borrowed
askari 20.17 the soldier 1. clearly borrowed
silaha 20.21 the weapons 1. clearly borrowed
rungu 20.22 the club 5. no evidence for borrowing
kombeo, kumbwewe 20.23 the sling 5. no evidence for borrowing
teo 20.23 the sling 5. no evidence for borrowing
uta 20.24 the bow 5. no evidence for borrowing
mshale 20.25 the arrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
mkuki 20.26 the spear 5. no evidence for borrowing
upanga 20.27 the sword 5. no evidence for borrowing
bunduki 20.28 the gun 1. clearly borrowed
helmeti 20.33 the helmet 1. clearly borrowed
ngao 20.34 the shield 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngome 20.35 the fortress 5. no evidence for borrowing
boma 20.35 the fortress 1. clearly borrowed
mnara 20.36 the tower 1. clearly borrowed
ushindi 20.41 the victory 5. no evidence for borrowing
-shindwa 20.42 the defeat 5. no evidence for borrowing
shambulio 20.43 the attack 5. no evidence for borrowing
-linda 20.44 to defend 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kinga 20.44 to defend 5. no evidence for borrowing
-rudi nyuma 20.45 to retreat 5. no evidence for borrowing
-salimu amri 20.46 to surrender 5. no evidence for borrowing
mfungwa 20.47 the captive or prisoner 5. no evidence for borrowing
mlinzi 20.471 the guard 5. no evidence for borrowing
mateka 20.48 the booty 5. no evidence for borrowing
mali ya wizi 20.48 the booty 5. no evidence for borrowing
uvamizi, mavamio 20.49 the ambush 5. no evidence for borrowing
mvuvi 20.51 the fisherman 5. no evidence for borrowing
ndoana 20.52 the fishhook 5. no evidence for borrowing
mshipi 20.53 the fishing line 5. no evidence for borrowing
ugwe wa kuvulia 20.53 the fishing line 5. no evidence for borrowing
wavu 20.54 the fishnet 5. no evidence for borrowing
dema 20.55 the fish trap 5. no evidence for borrowing
mgono 20.55 the fish trap 3. perhaps borrowed
uzio 20.55 the fish trap 5. no evidence for borrowing
chambo 20.56 the bait 5. no evidence for borrowing
-winda 20.61 to hunt 5. no evidence for borrowing
-piga risasi 20.62 to shoot 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kosa 20.63 to miss 5. no evidence for borrowing
mtego 20.64 the trap 5. no evidence for borrowing
-tega 20.65 to trap 5. no evidence for borrowing
sheria 21.11 the law 1. clearly borrowed
mahakama 21.15 the court 1. clearly borrowed
-hukumu 21.16 to adjudicate 1. clearly borrowed
hukumu 21.17 the judgment 1. clearly borrowed
hakimu 21.18 the judge 1. clearly borrowed
kadhi 21.18 the judge 1. clearly borrowed
jaji 21.18 the judge 1. clearly borrowed
mshtaki 21.21 the plaintiff 5. no evidence for borrowing
mdai 21.21 the plaintiff 5. no evidence for borrowing
mshtakiwa 21.22 the defendant 5. no evidence for borrowing
shahidi 21.23 the witness 1. clearly borrowed
-apa 21.24 to swear 5. no evidence for borrowing
-la yamini 21.24 to swear 5. no evidence for borrowing
-la kiapo 21.24 to swear 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiapo 21.25 the oath 5. no evidence for borrowing
yamini 21.25 the oath 1. clearly borrowed
-shtaki, -shitaki 21.31 to accuse 1. clearly borrowed
-ona na hatia 21.32 to condemn 5. no evidence for borrowing
-laani 21.32 to condemn 1. clearly borrowed
-tia hatiani 21.33 to convict 5. no evidence for borrowing
hatia 21.35 guilty 1. clearly borrowed
adhabu 21.37 the penalty or punishment 1. clearly borrowed
faini 21.38 the fine 1. clearly borrowed
gereza 21.39 the prison 1. clearly borrowed
jela 21.39 the prison 1. clearly borrowed
-ua 21.42 the murder 5. no evidence for borrowing
asherati, uasherati 21.43 the adultery 1. clearly borrowed
uzinzi 21.43 the adultery 5. no evidence for borrowing
zinaa 21.43 the adultery 1. clearly borrowed
mgoni 21.43 the adultery 3. perhaps borrowed
ubakaji 21.44 the rape 5. no evidence for borrowing
-iba 21.51 to steal 5. no evidence for borrowing
mwizi 21.52 the thief 5. no evidence for borrowing
dini 22.11 the religion 1. clearly borrowed
mungu 22.12 the god 5. no evidence for borrowing
Mola 22.12 the god 1. clearly borrowed
hekalu 22.13 the temple 1. clearly borrowed
kanisa 22.131 the church 1. clearly borrowed
msikiti 22.132 the mosque 1. clearly borrowed
altare 22.14 the altar 1. clearly borrowed
madhabahu 22.14 the altar 1. clearly borrowed
tambiko 22.15 the sacrifice 3. perhaps borrowed
kafara 22.15 the sacrifice 1. clearly borrowed
-abudu 22.16 to worship 1. clearly borrowed
-sali 22.17 to pray 1. clearly borrowed
padri 22.18 the priest 1. clearly borrowed
kasisi 22.18 the priest 1. clearly borrowed
-takatifu 22.19 holy 5. no evidence for borrowing
-hubiri 22.22 to preach 1. clearly borrowed
-hutubu 22.22 to preach 1. clearly borrowed
-bariki 22.23 to bless 1. clearly borrowed
-apiza 22.24 to curse 5. no evidence for borrowing
-laani 22.24 to curse 1. clearly borrowed
-funga 22.26 to fast 5. no evidence for borrowing
pepo 22.31 the heaven 5. no evidence for borrowing
mbinguni 22.31 the heaven 5. no evidence for borrowing
jahanamu 22.32 the hell 1. clearly borrowed
motoni 22.32 the hell 5. no evidence for borrowing
pepo 22.35 the demon 5. no evidence for borrowing
jini 22.35 the demon 1. clearly borrowed
shetani 22.35 the demon 1. clearly borrowed
kijimungu 22.37 the idol 5. no evidence for borrowing
uchawi 22.42 the magic 5. no evidence for borrowing
mchawi 22.43 the sorcerer or witch 5. no evidence for borrowing
kichimbakazi 22.44 the fairy or elf 5. no evidence for borrowing
zimwi 22.45 the ghost 5. no evidence for borrowing
mzimu 22.45 the ghost 5. no evidence for borrowing
kisirani 22.47 the omen 2. probably borrowed
tohara 22.5 the circumcision 1. clearly borrowed
jando 22.51 the initiation ceremony 5. no evidence for borrowing
kumbi 22.51 the initiation ceremony 5. no evidence for borrowing
unyago 22.51 the initiation ceremony 5. no evidence for borrowing
redio 23.1 the radio 1. clearly borrowed
televisheni 23.11 the television 1. clearly borrowed
simu 23.12 the telephone 1. clearly borrowed
baisikeli 23.13 the bicycle 1. clearly borrowed
pikipiki 23.135 the motorcycle 5. no evidence for borrowing
gari 23.14 the car 1. clearly borrowed
motokaa 23.14 the car 1. clearly borrowed
basi 23.15 the bus 1. clearly borrowed
gari (la) moshi 23.155 the train 5. no evidence for borrowing
treni 23.155 the train 1. clearly borrowed
ndege 23.16 the airplane 5. no evidence for borrowing
eropleni 23.16 the airplane 1. clearly borrowed
umeme 23.17 the electricity 5. no evidence for borrowing
betri 23.175 the battery 1. clearly borrowed
breki 23.18 to brake 1. clearly borrowed
injini 23.185 the motor 1. clearly borrowed
mota (1) 23.185 the motor 1. clearly borrowed
mashine 23.19 the machine 1. clearly borrowed
mafuta 23.195 the petroleum 5. no evidence for borrowing
hospitali 23.2 the hospital 1. clearly borrowed
mwuguzi 23.21 the nurse 5. no evidence for borrowing
kidonge 23.22 the pill or tablet 5. no evidence for borrowing
sindano 23.23 the injection 3. perhaps borrowed
miwani 23.24 the spectacles/glasses 2. probably borrowed
serikali 23.3 the government 1. clearly borrowed
rais, raisi 23.31 the president 1. clearly borrowed
waziri 23.32 the minister 1. clearly borrowed
polisi 23.33 the police 1. clearly borrowed
leseni ya kuendesha gari 23.34 the driver's license 5. no evidence for borrowing
bamba la namba ya gari 23.35 the license plate 5. no evidence for borrowing
cheti cha kuzaliwa 23.36 the birth certificate 5. no evidence for borrowing
uhalifu 23.37 the crime 5. no evidence for borrowing
jinai 23.37 the crime 1. clearly borrowed
uchaguzi 23.38 the election 5. no evidence for borrowing
anwani 23.385 the address 1. clearly borrowed
namba, nambari 23.39 the number 1. clearly borrowed
barabara (1) 23.395 the street 3. perhaps borrowed
mtaa 23.395 the street 4. very little evidence for borrowing
posta 23.4 the post/mail 1. clearly borrowed
stempu 23.41 the postage stamp 1. clearly borrowed
barua 23.42 the letter 1. clearly borrowed
kadi (ya posta) 23.43 the postcard 5. no evidence for borrowing
benki 23.44 the bank 1. clearly borrowed
bomba 23.5 the tap/faucet 1. clearly borrowed
sinki 23.51 the sink 1. clearly borrowed
choo 23.52 the toilet 5. no evidence for borrowing
msala 23.52 the toilet 1. clearly borrowed
godoro 23.53 the mattress 1. clearly borrowed
kopo 23.54 the tin/can 1. clearly borrowed
skrubu, sukurubu 23.55 the screw 1. clearly borrowed
bisibisi 23.555 the screwdriver 2. probably borrowed
chupa 23.56 the bottle 5. no evidence for borrowing
pipi 23.565 the candy/sweets 2. probably borrowed
peremende 23.565 the candy/sweets 1. clearly borrowed
plastiki 23.57 the plastic 1. clearly borrowed
bomu 23.575 the bomb 1. clearly borrowed
karakana 23.58 the workshop 1. clearly borrowed
sigara 23.59 the cigarette 1. clearly borrowed
gazeti 23.6 the newspaper 1. clearly borrowed
kalenda 23.61 the calendar 1. clearly borrowed
filamu 23.62 the film/movie 1. clearly borrowed
muziki 23.63 the music 1. clearly borrowed
wimbo 23.64 the song 5. no evidence for borrowing
chai 23.9 the tea 1. clearly borrowed
kahawa 23.91 the coffee 1. clearly borrowed
-wa 24.01 to be 5. no evidence for borrowing
-wa 24.02 to become 5. no evidence for borrowing
bila 24.03 without 1. clearly borrowed
na 24.04 with 5. no evidence for borrowing
kwa 24.04 with 5. no evidence for borrowing
-pitia 24.05 through 5. no evidence for borrowing
si 24.06 not 5. no evidence for borrowing
ha- 24.06 not 5. no evidence for borrowing
-si- 24.06 not 5. no evidence for borrowing
huyu 24.07 this 5. no evidence for borrowing
yule 24.08 that 5. no evidence for borrowing
hapa 24.09 here 5. no evidence for borrowing
kule 24.1 there 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ingine 24.11 other 5. no evidence for borrowing
-fuata 24.12 next 5. no evidence for borrowing
yule yule 24.13 same 5. no evidence for borrowing
shairi 18.99904 the poem 1. clearly borrowed
cheti 19.99914 the certificate 1. clearly borrowed
-himili 9.99938 to support 1. clearly borrowed
-badili 13.99908 to substitute 1. clearly borrowed
leseni 23.99901 the license 1. clearly borrowed
mara 14.99906 the time(2) 1. clearly borrowed
kadi 11.99902 the card 1. clearly borrowed
Hindi 19.99907 India 1. clearly borrowed
-halifu 19.99938 to commit a crime 1. clearly borrowed
Buki, Bukini 19.99908 Madagascar 2. probably borrowed
mali 11.99904 the property 1. clearly borrowed
Manga 19.99901 Arabia 3. perhaps borrowed
hali 17.99905 the state 1. clearly borrowed
kila 13.99903 each or every 1. clearly borrowed