Dutch Vocabulary

by Nicoline van der Sijs

The vocabulary contains 1588 meaning-word pairs from the recipient language Dutch . The corresponding text chapter was published in the book "Loanwords in the World's Languages". The language page Dutch contains a list of all loanwords arranged by donor languoid.

The word is given in the usual orthography or transcription, and in the usual citation form.

Click on a word to get even more information than is shown in this table.

The Loanword Typology code is the identifier of the Loanword Typology meaning. Sorting by LWT Code sorts the words thematically by semantic field.
This column shows the labels of the Loanword Typology meanings. By clicking on a meaning label, you get more information about the meaning, as well as a list of all words that are counterparts of that meaning.

There are five borrowed statuses, reflecting decreasing likelihood that the word is a loanword:

  1. clearly borrowed
  2. probably borrowed
  3. perhaps borrowed
  4. very little evidence for borrowing
  5. no evidence for borrowing
This is the time period during which the word is hypothesized to have come into the language as a loanword, or during which it is first attested, or for which it can be reconstructed.
This gives the usual written form for languages that do not use the Latin script.
For (possible) loanwords, this column shows the words in the source languages that served as models.
Word LWT Code Meaning Borrowed Status Source Words
[help] [help] [help] [help] [help]
wereld 1.1 the world 5. no evidence for borrowing
land 1.21 the land 5. no evidence for borrowing
bodem 1.212 the soil 5. no evidence for borrowing
stof (1) 1.213 the dust 5. no evidence for borrowing
modder 1.214 the mud 5. no evidence for borrowing
zand 1.215 the sand 5. no evidence for borrowing
berg 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing
heuvel 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing
klif 1.222 the cliff or precipice 5. no evidence for borrowing
vlakte 1.23 the plain 5. no evidence for borrowing
vallei 1.24 the valley 1. clearly borrowed
dal 1.24 the valley 5. no evidence for borrowing
eiland 1.25 the island 1. clearly borrowed
vasteland 1.26 the mainland 5. no evidence for borrowing
terraferma/Festland ( Italian , uncertain)
oever 1.27 the shore 5. no evidence for borrowing
grot 1.28 the cave 1. clearly borrowed
water 1.31 the water 5. no evidence for borrowing
zee 1.32 the sea 5. no evidence for borrowing
kalm 1.322 calm 1. clearly borrowed
rustig 1.322 calm 5. no evidence for borrowing
ruw 1.323 rough(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
schuim 1.324 the foam 5. no evidence for borrowing
oceaan 1.329 the ocean 1. clearly borrowed
meer (1) 1.33 the lake 5. no evidence for borrowing
baai 1.34 the bay 1. clearly borrowed
baie ( French )
lagune 1.341 the lagoon 1. clearly borrowed
rif 1.342 the reef 1. clearly borrowed
kaap 1.343 the cape 1. clearly borrowed
cap ( French )
golf 1.35 the wave 5. no evidence for borrowing
getij(de) 1.352 the tide 5. no evidence for borrowing
eb 1.353 the low tide 5. no evidence for borrowing
vloed 1.354 the high tide 5. no evidence for borrowing
rivier 1.36 the river or stream 1. clearly borrowed
stroom 1.36 the river or stream 5. no evidence for borrowing
draaikolk 1.362 the whirlpool 5. no evidence for borrowing
bron 1.37 the spring or well 1. clearly borrowed
moeras 1.38 the swamp 1. clearly borrowed
waterval 1.39 the waterfall 5. no evidence for borrowing
bos 1.41 the woods or forest 5. no evidence for borrowing
woud 1.41 the woods or forest 5. no evidence for borrowing
savanne 1.411 the savanna 1. clearly borrowed
hout 1.43 the wood 5. no evidence for borrowing
rots 1.44 the stone or rock 1. clearly borrowed
steen 1.44 the stone or rock 5. no evidence for borrowing
aardbeving 1.45 the earthquake 5. no evidence for borrowing
hemel 1.51 the sky 5. no evidence for borrowing
zon 1.52 the sun 5. no evidence for borrowing
maan 1.53 the moon 5. no evidence for borrowing
ster 1.54 the star 5. no evidence for borrowing
bliksem 1.55 the lightning 5. no evidence for borrowing
donder 1.56 the thunder 5. no evidence for borrowing
bliksemschicht 1.57 the bolt of lightning 5. no evidence for borrowing
storm 1.58 the storm 5. no evidence for borrowing
regenboog 1.59 the rainbow 5. no evidence for borrowing
licht (1) 1.61 the light 5. no evidence for borrowing
duisternis 1.62 the darkness 5. no evidence for borrowing
schaduw 1.63 the shade or shadow 5. no evidence for borrowing
dauw 1.64 the dew 5. no evidence for borrowing
lucht 1.71 the air 5. no evidence for borrowing
wind 1.72 the wind 5. no evidence for borrowing
wolk 1.73 the cloud 5. no evidence for borrowing
mist 1.74 the fog 5. no evidence for borrowing
regen 1.75 the rain 5. no evidence for borrowing
sneeuw 1.76 the snow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ijs 1.77 the ice 5. no evidence for borrowing
noorderlicht 1.771 the arctic lights 5. no evidence for borrowing
bevriezen 1.775 to freeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
weer (1) 1.78 the weather 5. no evidence for borrowing
vuur 1.81 the fire 5. no evidence for borrowing
vlam 1.82 the flame 1. clearly borrowed
rook 1.83 the smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
stoom 1.831 the steam 5. no evidence for borrowing
as (1) 1.84 the ash 5. no evidence for borrowing
sintel 1.841 the embers 1. clearly borrowed
verbranden 1.851 to burn(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
branden 1.852 to burn(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
aansteken 1.86 to light 5. no evidence for borrowing
doven 1.861 to extinguish 5. no evidence for borrowing
lucifer 1.87 the match 1. clearly borrowed
brandhout 1.88 the firewood 5. no evidence for borrowing
houtskool 1.89 the charcoal 5. no evidence for borrowing
persoon 2.1 the person 1. clearly borrowed
mens 2.1 the person 5. no evidence for borrowing
man (1) 2.21 the man 5. no evidence for borrowing
vrouw (1) 2.22 the woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
mannelijk 2.23 male(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
vrouwelijk 2.24 female(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
jongen 2.25 the boy 5. no evidence for borrowing
jongeman 2.251 the young man 5. no evidence for borrowing
meisje 2.26 the girl 5. no evidence for borrowing
meisje 2.261 the young woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
kind 2.27 the child(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
baby 2.28 the baby 1. clearly borrowed
echtgenoot 2.31 the husband 5. no evidence for borrowing
man (2) 2.31 the husband 5. no evidence for borrowing
echtgenote 2.32 the wife 5. no evidence for borrowing
vrouw (2) 2.32 the wife 5. no evidence for borrowing
trouwen 2.33 to marry 5. no evidence for borrowing
bruiloft 2.34 the wedding 5. no evidence for borrowing
scheiding 2.341 the divorce 5. no evidence for borrowing
vader 2.35 the father 5. no evidence for borrowing
moeder 2.36 the mother 5. no evidence for borrowing
ouders 2.37 the parents 5. no evidence for borrowing
getrouwde man 2.38 the married man 5. no evidence for borrowing
getrouwde vrouw 2.39 the married woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
zoon 2.41 the son 5. no evidence for borrowing
dochter 2.42 the daughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
kind 2.43 the child(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
broer 2.44 the brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
broer 2.444 the older brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
broer 2.445 the younger brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
zus(ter) 2.45 the sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
zus(ter) 2.454 the older sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
zus(ter) 2.455 the younger sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
broer 2.456 the sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing
zus(ter) 2.456 the sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing
broer 2.4561 the older sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing
zus(ter) 2.4561 the older sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing
broer 2.4562 the younger sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing
zus(ter) 2.4562 the younger sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing
tweeling 2.458 the twins 5. no evidence for borrowing
grootvader 2.46 the grandfather 5. no evidence for borrowing
man (1) 2.461 the old man 5. no evidence for borrowing
grootmoeder 2.47 the grandmother 5. no evidence for borrowing
vrouw (1) 2.471 the old woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
grootouders 2.4711 the grandparents 5. no evidence for borrowing
kleinzoon 2.48 the grandson 5. no evidence for borrowing
kleindochter 2.49 the granddaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
kleinkind 2.5 the grandchild 5. no evidence for borrowing
oom 2.51 the uncle 5. no evidence for borrowing
oom 2.511 the mother's brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
oom 2.512 the father's brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
tante 2.52 the aunt 1. clearly borrowed
tante 2.521 the mother's sister 1. clearly borrowed
tante 2.522 the father's sister 1. clearly borrowed
neef 2.53 the nephew 5. no evidence for borrowing
nicht 2.54 the niece 5. no evidence for borrowing
neef 2.541 the sibling’s child 5. no evidence for borrowing
nicht 2.541 the sibling’s child 5. no evidence for borrowing
neef 2.55 the cousin 5. no evidence for borrowing
nicht 2.55 the cousin 5. no evidence for borrowing
voorouders 2.56 the ancestors 5. no evidence for borrowing
nazaten 2.57 the descendants 5. no evidence for borrowing
nakomelingen 2.57 the descendants 5. no evidence for borrowing
schoonvader 2.61 the father-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
schoonvader 2.611 the father-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
schoonmoeder 2.62 the mother-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
schoonmoeder 2.621 the mother-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
schoonouders 2.622 the parents-in-law 5. no evidence for borrowing
schoonzoon 2.63 the son-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
schoonzoon 2.631 the son-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
schoondochter 2.64 the daughter-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
schoondochter 2.641 the daughter-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
schoonkind 2.6411 the child-in-law 5. no evidence for borrowing
schoonbroer 2.6412 the sibling-in-law 5. no evidence for borrowing
schoonzuster 2.6412 the sibling-in-law 5. no evidence for borrowing
zwager 2.6412 the sibling-in-law 5. no evidence for borrowing
stiefvader 2.71 the stepfather 5. no evidence for borrowing
stiefmoeder 2.72 the stepmother 5. no evidence for borrowing
stiefzoon 2.73 the stepson 5. no evidence for borrowing
stiefdochter 2.74 the stepdaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
wees 2.75 the orphan 5. no evidence for borrowing
weduwe 2.76 the widow 5. no evidence for borrowing
weduwnaar 2.77 the widower 5. no evidence for borrowing
familie 2.81 the relatives 1. clearly borrowed
verwanten 2.81 the relatives 1. clearly borrowed
gezin 2.82 the family 5. no evidence for borrowing
ik 2.91 I 5. no evidence for borrowing
jij 2.92 you (singular) 5. no evidence for borrowing
het 2.93 he/she/it 5. no evidence for borrowing
hij 2.93 he/she/it 5. no evidence for borrowing
zij (1) 2.93 he/she/it 5. no evidence for borrowing
hij 2.931 he 5. no evidence for borrowing
zij (1) 2.932 she 5. no evidence for borrowing
het 2.933 it 5. no evidence for borrowing
wij 2.94 we 5. no evidence for borrowing
wij 2.941 we (inclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing
wij 2.942 we (exclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing
jullie 2.95 you (plural) 5. no evidence for borrowing
zij (2) 2.96 they 5. no evidence for borrowing
dier 3.11 the animal 5. no evidence for borrowing
beest 3.11 the animal 1. clearly borrowed
mannetjes- 3.12 male(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
vrouwtjes- 3.13 female(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
vee 3.15 the livestock 5. no evidence for borrowing
weide 3.16 the pasture 5. no evidence for borrowing
herder 3.18 the herdsman 5. no evidence for borrowing
stal 3.19 the stable or stall 5. no evidence for borrowing
rund 3.2 the cattle 5. no evidence for borrowing
stier 3.21 the bull 5. no evidence for borrowing
os 3.22 the ox 5. no evidence for borrowing
koe 3.23 the cow 5. no evidence for borrowing
kalf 3.24 the calf 5. no evidence for borrowing
schaap 3.25 the sheep 5. no evidence for borrowing
ram 3.26 the ram 5. no evidence for borrowing
ooi 3.28 the ewe 5. no evidence for borrowing
lam (1) 3.29 the lamb 5. no evidence for borrowing
wild zwijn 3.32 the boar 5. no evidence for borrowing
zeug 3.34 the sow 5. no evidence for borrowing
varken 3.35 the pig 5. no evidence for borrowing
geit 3.36 the goat 5. no evidence for borrowing
bok 3.37 the he-goat 3. perhaps borrowed
geitje 3.38 the kid 5. no evidence for borrowing
paard 3.41 the horse 1. clearly borrowed
hengst 3.42 the stallion 5. no evidence for borrowing
merrie 3.44 the mare 5. no evidence for borrowing
veulen 3.45 the foal or colt 5. no evidence for borrowing
ezel 3.46 the donkey 1. clearly borrowed
muilezel 3.47 the mule 5. no evidence for borrowing
muildier 3.47 the mule 5. no evidence for borrowing
kip 3.5 the fowl 5. no evidence for borrowing
pluimvee 3.5 the fowl 5. no evidence for borrowing
haan 3.52 the cock/rooster 5. no evidence for borrowing
hen 3.54 the hen 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuiken 3.55 the chicken 5. no evidence for borrowing
gans 3.56 the goose 5. no evidence for borrowing
eend 3.57 the duck 5. no evidence for borrowing
nest 3.58 the nest 5. no evidence for borrowing
vogel 3.581 the bird 5. no evidence for borrowing
meeuw 3.582 the seagull 5. no evidence for borrowing
reiger 3.583 the heron 5. no evidence for borrowing
adelaar 3.584 the eagle 1. clearly borrowed
havik 3.585 the hawk 5. no evidence for borrowing
gier 3.586 the vulture 5. no evidence for borrowing
vleermuis 3.591 the bat 5. no evidence for borrowing
papegaai 3.592 the parrot 1. clearly borrowed
kraai 3.593 the crow 5. no evidence for borrowing
duif 3.594 the dove 5. no evidence for borrowing
uil 3.596 the owl 5. no evidence for borrowing
aalscholver 3.597 the cormorant 5. no evidence for borrowing
toekan 3.598 the toucan 1. clearly borrowed
hond 3.61 the dog 5. no evidence for borrowing
konijn 3.614 the rabbit 1. clearly borrowed
kat 3.62 the cat 1. clearly borrowed
catta ( Latin )
opossum 3.622 the opossum 1. clearly borrowed
muis 3.63 the mouse or rat 5. no evidence for borrowing
rat 3.63 the mouse or rat 5. no evidence for borrowing
vis 3.65 the fish 5. no evidence for borrowing
vin 3.652 the fin 5. no evidence for borrowing
schub 3.653 the scale 5. no evidence for borrowing
kieuw 3.654 the gill 5. no evidence for borrowing
schelp 3.655 the shell 5. no evidence for borrowing
haai 3.661 the shark 1. clearly borrowed
dolfijn 3.662 the porpoise or dolphin 1. clearly borrowed
walvis 3.663 the whale 5. no evidence for borrowing
rog 3.664 the stingray 5. no evidence for borrowing
paling 3.665 the freshwater eel 5. no evidence for borrowing
wolf 3.71 the wolf 5. no evidence for borrowing
leeuw 3.72 the lion 1. clearly borrowed
leō ( Latin )
beer 3.73 the bear 5. no evidence for borrowing
vos 3.74 the fox 5. no evidence for borrowing
hert 3.75 the deer 5. no evidence for borrowing
aap 3.76 the monkey 5. no evidence for borrowing
olifant 3.77 the elephant 1. clearly borrowed
kameel 3.78 the camel 1. clearly borrowed
insect 3.81 the insect 1. clearly borrowed
luis 3.811 the head louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoofdluis 3.811 the head louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
luis 3.8112 the body louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
neet 3.812 the nit 5. no evidence for borrowing
vlo 3.813 the flea 5. no evidence for borrowing
duizendpoot 3.814 the centipede 5. no evidence for borrowing
schorpioen 3.815 the scorpion 1. clearly borrowed
kakkerlak 3.816 the cockroach 1. clearly borrowed
mier 3.817 the ant 5. no evidence for borrowing
spin 3.818 the spider 5. no evidence for borrowing
web 3.819 the spider web 5. no evidence for borrowing
bij 3.82 the bee 5. no evidence for borrowing
honing 3.821 the beeswax 5. no evidence for borrowing
bijenkorf 3.822 the beehive 5. no evidence for borrowing
wesp 3.823 the wasp 5. no evidence for borrowing
vlieg 3.83 the fly 5. no evidence for borrowing
mug 3.831 the sandfly or midge or gnat 5. no evidence for borrowing
muskiet 3.832 the mosquito 1. clearly borrowed
garnaal 3.833 the prawns or shrimp 5. no evidence for borrowing
termiet 3.834 the termites 1. clearly borrowed
teek 3.835 the tick 5. no evidence for borrowing
worm 3.84 the worm 5. no evidence for borrowing
slang 3.85 the snake 5. no evidence for borrowing
coyote 3.862 the coyote 1. clearly borrowed
haas 3.863 the hare 5. no evidence for borrowing
kwartel 3.865 the quail 5. no evidence for borrowing
wasbeer 3.866 the raccoon 5. no evidence for borrowing
eekhoorn 3.869 the squirrel 5. no evidence for borrowing
kariboe 3.871 the reindeer/caribou 1. clearly borrowed
rendier 3.871 the reindeer/caribou 1. clearly borrowed
eland 3.872 the elk/moose 1. clearly borrowed
bever 3.873 the beaver 5. no evidence for borrowing
kangoeroe 3.88 the kangaroo 1. clearly borrowed
miereneter 3.89 the anteater 5. no evidence for borrowing
jaguar 3.9 the jaguar 1. clearly borrowed
glimworm 3.91 the firefly 5. no evidence for borrowing
kameleon 3.913 the chameleon 1. clearly borrowed
buffel 3.917 the buffalo 1. clearly borrowed
vlinder 3.92 the butterfly 5. no evidence for borrowing
sprinkhaan 3.93 the grasshopper 5. no evidence for borrowing
slak 3.94 the snail 5. no evidence for borrowing
kikker 3.95 the frog 5. no evidence for borrowing
hagedis 3.96 the lizard 5. no evidence for borrowing
alligator 3.97 the crocodile or alligator 1. clearly borrowed
krokodil 3.97 the crocodile or alligator 1. clearly borrowed
schildpad 3.98 the turtle 5. no evidence for borrowing
tapir 3.99 the tapir 1. clearly borrowed
tapir ( Portuguese , uncertain)
tapir ( Spanish , uncertain)
lichaam 4.11 the body 5. no evidence for borrowing
huid 4.12 the skin or hide 5. no evidence for borrowing
vlees 4.13 the flesh 5. no evidence for borrowing
haar 4.14 the hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
baard 4.142 the beard 5. no evidence for borrowing
lichaamshaar 4.144 the body hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
schaamhaar 4.145 the pubic hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
roos 4.146 the dandruff 1. clearly borrowed
rose ( French )
bloed 4.15 the blood 5. no evidence for borrowing
bloedvat 4.151 the vein or artery 5. no evidence for borrowing
ader 4.151 the vein or artery 5. no evidence for borrowing
bot (1) 4.16 the bone 5. no evidence for borrowing
rib 4.162 the rib 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoorn (1) 4.17 the horn 5. no evidence for borrowing
staart 4.18 the tail 5. no evidence for borrowing
rug 4.19 the back 5. no evidence for borrowing
ruggengraat 4.191 the spine 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoofd 4.2 the head 5. no evidence for borrowing
slaap 4.201 the temples 5. no evidence for borrowing
schedel 4.202 the skull 5. no evidence for borrowing
hersenen 4.203 the brain 5. no evidence for borrowing
gezicht 4.204 the face 5. no evidence for borrowing
voorhoofd 4.205 the forehead 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaak 4.207 the jaw 5. no evidence for borrowing
wang 4.208 the cheek 5. no evidence for borrowing
kin 4.209 the chin 5. no evidence for borrowing
oog 4.21 the eye 5. no evidence for borrowing
wenkbrauw 4.212 the eyebrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ooglid 4.213 the eyelid 5. no evidence for borrowing
ooghaar 4.214 the eyelash 5. no evidence for borrowing
knipperen 4.215 to blink 5. no evidence for borrowing
oor 4.22 the ear 5. no evidence for borrowing
oorlel 4.221 the earlobe 5. no evidence for borrowing
oorsmeer 4.222 the earwax 5. no evidence for borrowing
neus 4.23 the nose 5. no evidence for borrowing
neusvleugel 4.231 the nostril 5. no evidence for borrowing
snot 4.232 the nasal mucus 5. no evidence for borrowing
mond 4.24 the mouth 5. no evidence for borrowing
bek 4.241 the beak 1. clearly borrowed
bec ( French )
lip 4.25 the lip 5. no evidence for borrowing
tong 4.26 the tongue 5. no evidence for borrowing
tand 4.27 the tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
tandvlees 4.271 the gums 5. no evidence for borrowing
kies 4.272 the molar tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
hals 4.28 the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing
nek 4.281 the nape of the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing
keel 4.29 the throat 5. no evidence for borrowing
schouder 4.3 the shoulder 5. no evidence for borrowing
schouderblad 4.301 the shoulderblade 5. no evidence for borrowing
sleutelbeen 4.302 the collarbone 5. no evidence for borrowing
arm (1) 4.31 the arm 5. no evidence for borrowing
oksel 4.312 the armpit 5. no evidence for borrowing
elleboog 4.32 the elbow 5. no evidence for borrowing
pols 4.321 the wrist 1. clearly borrowed
hand 4.33 the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
palm (1) 4.331 the palm of the hand 1. clearly borrowed
vinger 4.34 the finger 5. no evidence for borrowing
duim 4.342 the thumb 5. no evidence for borrowing
nagel (2) 4.344 the fingernail 5. no evidence for borrowing
klauw 4.345 the claw 5. no evidence for borrowing
been 4.35 the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing
dij 4.351 the thigh 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuit 4.352 the calf of the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing
knie 4.36 the knee 5. no evidence for borrowing
voet 4.37 the foot 5. no evidence for borrowing
enkel 4.371 the ankle 5. no evidence for borrowing
hiel 4.372 the heel 5. no evidence for borrowing
voetafdruk 4.374 the footprint 5. no evidence for borrowing
teen 4.38 the toe 5. no evidence for borrowing
vleugel 4.392 the wing 5. no evidence for borrowing
veer 4.393 the feather 5. no evidence for borrowing
borst 4.4 the chest 5. no evidence for borrowing
borst 4.41 the breast 5. no evidence for borrowing
tepel 4.412 the nipple or teat 5. no evidence for borrowing
uier 4.42 the udder 5. no evidence for borrowing
navel 4.43 the navel 5. no evidence for borrowing
buik 4.431 the belly 5. no evidence for borrowing
hart 4.44 the heart 5. no evidence for borrowing
long 4.441 the lung 5. no evidence for borrowing
lever 4.45 the liver 5. no evidence for borrowing
nier 4.451 the kidney 5. no evidence for borrowing
milt 4.452 the spleen 5. no evidence for borrowing
maag 4.46 the stomach 5. no evidence for borrowing
ingewanden 4.461 the intestines or guts 5. no evidence for borrowing
middel 4.462 the waist 5. no evidence for borrowing
heup 4.463 the hip 5. no evidence for borrowing
billen 4.464 the buttocks 5. no evidence for borrowing
zenuw 4.465 the sinew or tendon 5. no evidence for borrowing
baarmoeder 4.47 the womb 5. no evidence for borrowing
ballen 4.49 the testicles 5. no evidence for borrowing
testikels 4.49 the testicles 1. clearly borrowed
penis 4.492 the penis 1. clearly borrowed
schede 4.493 the vagina 5. no evidence for borrowing
vagina 4.493 the vagina 1. clearly borrowed
schaamspleet 4.494 the vulva 5. no evidence for borrowing
vulva 4.494 the vulva 1. clearly borrowed
vulva ( Latin )
ademen 4.51 to breathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
geeuwen 4.52 to yawn 5. no evidence for borrowing
hikken 4.521 to hiccough 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoesten 4.53 to cough 5. no evidence for borrowing
niezen 4.54 to sneeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
zweten 4.55 to perspire 5. no evidence for borrowing
spugen 4.56 to spit 5. no evidence for borrowing
braken 4.57 to vomit 5. no evidence for borrowing
bijten 4.58 to bite 5. no evidence for borrowing
likken 4.59 to lick 5. no evidence for borrowing
kwijlen 4.591 to dribble 5. no evidence for borrowing
slapen 4.61 to sleep 5. no evidence for borrowing
snurken 4.612 to snore 5. no evidence for borrowing
dromen 4.62 to dream 5. no evidence for borrowing
wekken 4.63 to wake up 5. no evidence for borrowing
een scheet laten 4.64 to fart 5. no evidence for borrowing
pissen 4.65 to piss 1. clearly borrowed
plassen 4.65 to piss 5. no evidence for borrowing
poepen 4.66 to shit 5. no evidence for borrowing
schijten 4.66 to shit 5. no evidence for borrowing
seks hebben 4.67 to have sex 1. clearly borrowed
rillen 4.68 to shiver 5. no evidence for borrowing
baden 4.69 to bathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
verwekken 4.71 to beget 5. no evidence for borrowing
geboren worden 4.72 to be born 5. no evidence for borrowing
zwanger 4.73 pregnant 5. no evidence for borrowing
zwanger worden 4.732 to conceive 5. no evidence for borrowing
leven (1) 4.74 to be alive 5. no evidence for borrowing
leven (2) 4.741 the life 5. no evidence for borrowing
sterven 4.75 to die 5. no evidence for borrowing
dood 4.7501 dead 5. no evidence for borrowing
verdrinken 4.751 to drown 5. no evidence for borrowing
doden 4.76 to kill 5. no evidence for borrowing
lijk 4.77 the corpse 5. no evidence for borrowing
kadaver 4.771 the carcass 1. clearly borrowed
begraven 4.78 to bury 5. no evidence for borrowing
graf 4.79 the grave 5. no evidence for borrowing
sterk 4.81 strong 5. no evidence for borrowing
zwak 4.82 weak 5. no evidence for borrowing
gezond 4.83 healthy 5. no evidence for borrowing
ziek 4.84 sick/ill 5. no evidence for borrowing
koorts 4.841 the fever 5. no evidence for borrowing
krop 4.842 the goitre/goiter 5. no evidence for borrowing
verkoudheid 4.843 the cold 5. no evidence for borrowing
ziekte 4.844 the disease 5. no evidence for borrowing
wond 4.85 the wound or sore 5. no evidence for borrowing
kneuzing 4.852 the bruise 5. no evidence for borrowing
zwelling 4.853 the swelling 5. no evidence for borrowing
jeuk 4.854 the itch 5. no evidence for borrowing
krabben 4.8541 to scratch 5. no evidence for borrowing
blaar 4.855 the blister 5. no evidence for borrowing
steenpuist 4.856 the boil 5. no evidence for borrowing
pus 4.857 the pus 1. clearly borrowed
pūs ( Latin )
etter 4.857 the pus 5. no evidence for borrowing
litteken 4.858 the scar 5. no evidence for borrowing
genezen 4.86 to cure 5. no evidence for borrowing
arts 4.87 the physician 1. clearly borrowed
dokter 4.87 the physician 1. clearly borrowed
medicijn 4.88 the medicine 1. clearly borrowed
gif 4.89 the poison 1. clearly borrowed
moe 4.91 tired 5. no evidence for borrowing
rusten 4.912 to rest 5. no evidence for borrowing
lui 4.92 lazy 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaal 4.93 bald 5. no evidence for borrowing
lam (2) 4.94 lame 5. no evidence for borrowing
doof 4.95 deaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
stom 4.96 mute 5. no evidence for borrowing
blind 4.97 blind 5. no evidence for borrowing
dronken 4.98 drunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
naakt 4.99 naked 5. no evidence for borrowing
eten 5.11 to eat 5. no evidence for borrowing
voedsel 5.12 the food 5. no evidence for borrowing
gekookt 5.121 cooked 5. no evidence for borrowing
rauw 5.122 raw 5. no evidence for borrowing
rijp 5.123 ripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
onrijp 5.124 unripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
rot 5.125 rotten 5. no evidence for borrowing
drinken 5.13 to drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
honger hebben 5.14 to be hungry 5. no evidence for borrowing
hongersnood 5.141 the famine 5. no evidence for borrowing
dorst hebben 5.15 to be thirsty 5. no evidence for borrowing
zuigen 5.16 to suck 5. no evidence for borrowing
kauwen 5.18 to chew 5. no evidence for borrowing
doorslikken 5.181 to swallow 5. no evidence for borrowing
verstikken 5.19 to choke 5. no evidence for borrowing
koken 5.21 to cook 1. clearly borrowed
koken 5.22 to boil 1. clearly borrowed
braden 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing
bakken 5.24 to bake 5. no evidence for borrowing
oven 5.25 the oven 5. no evidence for borrowing
pot 5.26 the pot 1. clearly borrowed
ketel 5.27 the kettle 1. clearly borrowed
pan 5.28 the pan 1. clearly borrowed
panna ( Latin )
schaal 5.31 the dish 5. no evidence for borrowing
bord 5.32 the plate 5. no evidence for borrowing
kom 5.33 the bowl 5. no evidence for borrowing
kruik 5.34 the jug/pitcher 5. no evidence for borrowing
kop 5.35 the cup 3. perhaps borrowed
cuppa ( Latin )
schotel 5.36 the saucer 1. clearly borrowed
lepel 5.37 the spoon 5. no evidence for borrowing
mes 5.38 the knife(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
vork 5.39 the fork 1. clearly borrowed
furca ( Latin )
tang 5.391 the tongs 5. no evidence for borrowing
maaltijd 5.41 the meal 5. no evidence for borrowing
ontbijt 5.42 the breakfast 5. no evidence for borrowing
lunch 5.43 the lunch 1. clearly borrowed
middageten 5.43 the lunch 5. no evidence for borrowing
diner 5.44 the dinner 1. clearly borrowed
avondeten 5.44 the dinner 5. no evidence for borrowing
avondeten 5.45 the supper 5. no evidence for borrowing
pellen 5.46 to peel 1. clearly borrowed
schillen 5.46 to peel 5. no evidence for borrowing
zeven (1) 5.47 to sieve or to strain 5. no evidence for borrowing
schrappen 5.48 to scrape 5. no evidence for borrowing
roeren 5.49 to stir or to mix 5. no evidence for borrowing
brood 5.51 the bread 5. no evidence for borrowing
deeg 5.53 the dough 5. no evidence for borrowing
kneden 5.54 to knead 5. no evidence for borrowing
meel 5.55 the flour 5. no evidence for borrowing
malen 5.56 to crush or to grind 5. no evidence for borrowing
fijnmalen 5.56 to crush or to grind 5. no evidence for borrowing
molen 5.57 the mill 1. clearly borrowed
vijzel 5.58 the mortar(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
stamper 5.59 the pestle 5. no evidence for borrowing
vlees 5.61 the meat 5. no evidence for borrowing
worst 5.63 the sausage 5. no evidence for borrowing
soep 5.64 the soup 1. clearly borrowed
groente 5.65 the vegetables 5. no evidence for borrowing
boon 5.66 the bean 5. no evidence for borrowing
aardappel 5.7 the potato 5. no evidence for borrowing
fruit 5.71 the fruit 1. clearly borrowed
bos(je) 5.712 the bunch 5. no evidence for borrowing
vijg 5.75 the fig 1. clearly borrowed
druif 5.76 the grape 5. no evidence for borrowing
noot 5.77 the nut 5. no evidence for borrowing
olijf 5.78 the olive 1. clearly borrowed
olie 5.79 the oil 1. clearly borrowed
olium ( Latin )
vet 5.791 the grease or fat 5. no evidence for borrowing
zout (1) 5.81 the salt 5. no evidence for borrowing
peper 5.82 the pepper 1. clearly borrowed
piper ( Latin )
rode peper 5.821 the chili pepper 5. no evidence for borrowing
honing 5.84 the honey 5. no evidence for borrowing
suiker 5.85 the sugar 1. clearly borrowed
melk 5.86 the milk 5. no evidence for borrowing
melken 5.87 to milk 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaas 5.88 the cheese 1. clearly borrowed
boter 5.89 the butter 1. clearly borrowed
drank 5.9 the drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
mede 5.91 the mead 5. no evidence for borrowing
wijn 5.92 the wine 1. clearly borrowed
bier 5.93 the beer 3. perhaps borrowed
biber ( Latin )
alcoholische drank 5.94 the fermented drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
ei 5.97 the egg 5. no evidence for borrowing
dooier 5.971 the yolk 5. no evidence for borrowing
maniokbrood 5.983 the manioc bread 5. no evidence for borrowing
aantrekken 6.11 to put on 5. no evidence for borrowing
kleren 6.12 the clothing or clothes 5. no evidence for borrowing
kleding 6.12 the clothing or clothes 5. no evidence for borrowing
kleermaker 6.13 the tailor 5. no evidence for borrowing
stof (2) 6.21 the cloth 1. clearly borrowed
wol 6.22 the wool 5. no evidence for borrowing
linnen 6.23 the linen 5. no evidence for borrowing
katoen 6.24 the cotton 1. clearly borrowed
zijde 6.25 the silk 1. clearly borrowed
vilt 6.27 the felt 5. no evidence for borrowing
bont 6.28 the fur 1. clearly borrowed
leer 6.29 the leather 5. no evidence for borrowing
spinnen 6.31 to spin 5. no evidence for borrowing
spindel 6.32 the spindle 1. clearly borrowed
weven 6.33 to weave 5. no evidence for borrowing
weefgetouw 6.34 the loom 5. no evidence for borrowing
naaien 6.35 to sew 5. no evidence for borrowing
naald 6.36 the needle(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
els 6.37 the awl 5. no evidence for borrowing
priem 6.37 the awl 5. no evidence for borrowing
draad 6.38 the thread 5. no evidence for borrowing
verven 6.39 to dye 5. no evidence for borrowing
jas 6.41 the cloak 3. perhaps borrowed
mantel 6.41 the cloak 1. clearly borrowed
poncho 6.411 the poncho 1. clearly borrowed
jurk 6.42 the (woman's) dress 1. clearly borrowed
jas 6.43 the coat 3. perhaps borrowed
hemd 6.44 the shirt 5. no evidence for borrowing
kraag 6.45 the collar 5. no evidence for borrowing
rok 6.46 the skirt 5. no evidence for borrowing
grasrokje 6.461 the grass-skirt 5. no evidence for borrowing
broek 6.48 the trousers 5. no evidence for borrowing
kous 6.49 the sock or stocking 1. clearly borrowed
sok 6.49 the sock or stocking 1. clearly borrowed
schoen 6.51 the shoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
laars 6.52 the boot 5. no evidence for borrowing
schoenmaker 6.54 the shoemaker 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoed 6.55 the hat or cap 5. no evidence for borrowing
muts 6.55 the hat or cap 1. clearly borrowed
ceintuur 6.57 the belt 1. clearly borrowed
gordel 6.57 the belt 5. no evidence for borrowing
handschoen 6.58 the glove 5. no evidence for borrowing
sluier 6.59 the veil 1. clearly borrowed
zak 6.61 the pocket 1. clearly borrowed
knoop 6.62 the button 5. no evidence for borrowing
speld 6.63 the pin 1. clearly borrowed
sieraad 6.71 the ornament or adornment 1. clearly borrowed
juweel 6.72 the jewel 1. clearly borrowed
ring 6.73 the ring 5. no evidence for borrowing
armband 6.74 the bracelet 5. no evidence for borrowing
ketting 6.75 the necklace 5. no evidence for borrowing
kraal 6.76 the bead 1. clearly borrowed
oorbel 6.77 the earring 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoofdband 6.78 the headband or headdress 5. no evidence for borrowing
tatoeëring 6.79 the tattoo 5. no evidence for borrowing
zakdoek 6.81 the handkerchief or rag 5. no evidence for borrowing
handdoek 6.82 the towel 5. no evidence for borrowing
kam 6.91 the comb 5. no evidence for borrowing
borstel 6.92 the brush 5. no evidence for borrowing
vlecht 6.921 the plait/braid 5. no evidence for borrowing
scheermes 6.93 the razor 5. no evidence for borrowing
zalf 6.94 the ointment 5. no evidence for borrowing
zeep 6.95 the soap 5. no evidence for borrowing
spiegel 6.96 the mirror 1. clearly borrowed
sneeuwschoen 6.98 the snowshoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
wonen 7.11 to live 5. no evidence for borrowing
huis 7.12 the house 5. no evidence for borrowing
hut 7.13 the hut 1. clearly borrowed
tuinhuis 7.131 the garden-house 5. no evidence for borrowing
tent 7.14 the tent 1. clearly borrowed
binnenplaats 7.15 the yard or court 5. no evidence for borrowing
hof 7.15 the yard or court 5. no evidence for borrowing
mannenhuis 7.16 the men's house 5. no evidence for borrowing
keuken 7.17 the cookhouse 1. clearly borrowed
vergaderhuis 7.18 the meeting house 5. no evidence for borrowing
kamer 7.21 the room 1. clearly borrowed
deur 7.22 the door or gate 5. no evidence for borrowing
poort 7.22 the door or gate 1. clearly borrowed
porta ( Latin )
deurpost 7.221 the doorpost 5. no evidence for borrowing
slot 7.23 the lock 5. no evidence for borrowing
klink 7.231 the latch or door-bolt 5. no evidence for borrowing
hangslot 7.232 the padlock 5. no evidence for borrowing
sleutel 7.24 the key 5. no evidence for borrowing
raam 7.25 the window 5. no evidence for borrowing
venster 7.25 the window 1. clearly borrowed
vloer 7.26 the floor 5. no evidence for borrowing
muur 7.27 the wall 1. clearly borrowed
murus ( Latin )
haard 7.31 the fireplace 5. no evidence for borrowing
kachel 7.32 the stove 1. clearly borrowed
schoorsteen 7.33 the chimney 5. no evidence for borrowing
ladder 7.37 the ladder 5. no evidence for borrowing
bed 7.42 the bed 5. no evidence for borrowing
kussen (1) 7.421 the pillow 1. clearly borrowed
deken 7.422 the blanket 5. no evidence for borrowing
stoel 7.43 the chair 5. no evidence for borrowing
tafel 7.44 the table 1. clearly borrowed
lamp 7.45 the lamp or torch 1. clearly borrowed
kaars 7.46 the candle 1. clearly borrowed
plank 7.47 the shelf 1. clearly borrowed
trog 7.48 the trough 5. no evidence for borrowing
dak 7.51 the roof 5. no evidence for borrowing
strodak 7.52 the thatch 5. no evidence for borrowing
nok 7.53 the ridgepole 5. no evidence for borrowing
dakspar 7.54 the rafter 5. no evidence for borrowing
balk 7.55 the beam 5. no evidence for borrowing
post (1) 7.56 the post or pole 1. clearly borrowed
paal 7.56 the post or pole 1. clearly borrowed
plank 7.57 the board 1. clearly borrowed
boog (1) 7.58 the arch 5. no evidence for borrowing
metselaar 7.61 the mason 1. clearly borrowed
macio ( Latin )
baksteen 7.62 the brick 5. no evidence for borrowing
mortel 7.63 the mortar(2) 1. clearly borrowed
specie 7.63 the mortar(2) 1. clearly borrowed
lemen baksteen 7.64 the adobe 5. no evidence for borrowing
kamp 7.65 the camp 1. clearly borrowed
hangmat 7.66 the hammock 1. clearly borrowed
looien 7.67 to tan 5. no evidence for borrowing
boer 8.11 the farmer 5. no evidence for borrowing
akker 8.12 the field 5. no evidence for borrowing
veld 8.12 the field 5. no evidence for borrowing
rijstveld 8.121 the paddy 5. no evidence for borrowing
tuin 8.13 the garden 5. no evidence for borrowing
ontginnen 8.15 to cultivate 5. no evidence for borrowing
hek 8.16 the fence 5. no evidence for borrowing
sloot 8.17 the ditch 5. no evidence for borrowing
ploegen 8.21 to plough/plow 5. no evidence for borrowing
vore 8.212 the furrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
graven 8.22 to dig 5. no evidence for borrowing
spade 8.23 the spade 5. no evidence for borrowing
schop 8.24 the shovel 5. no evidence for borrowing
schoffel 8.25 the hoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
vork 8.26 the fork(2)/pitchfork 1. clearly borrowed
furca ( Latin )
mestvork 8.26 the fork(2)/pitchfork 5. no evidence for borrowing
hark 8.27 the rake 5. no evidence for borrowing
graafstok 8.28 the digging stick (=yamstick) 5. no evidence for borrowing
lasso 8.29 the lasso 1. clearly borrowed
zaaien 8.31 to sow 5. no evidence for borrowing
zaad 8.311 the seed 5. no evidence for borrowing
maaien 8.32 to mow 5. no evidence for borrowing
zeis 8.33 the sickle or scythe 5. no evidence for borrowing
dorsen 8.34 to thresh 5. no evidence for borrowing
dorsvloer 8.35 the threshing-floor 5. no evidence for borrowing
oogst 8.41 the harvest 1. clearly borrowed
graan 8.42 the grain 1. clearly borrowed
tarwe 8.43 the wheat 5. no evidence for borrowing
gerst 8.44 the barley 5. no evidence for borrowing
rogge 8.45 the rye 1. clearly borrowed
haver 8.46 the oats 5. no evidence for borrowing
maïs 8.47 the maize/corn 1. clearly borrowed
rijst 8.48 the rice 1. clearly borrowed
ris ( French )
gras 8.51 the grass 5. no evidence for borrowing
hooi 8.52 the hay 5. no evidence for borrowing
plant 8.53 the plant 1. clearly borrowed
planten 8.531 to plant 1. clearly borrowed
wortel 8.54 the root 5. no evidence for borrowing
tak 8.55 the branch 5. no evidence for borrowing
blad 8.56 the leaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
bloem 8.57 the flower 5. no evidence for borrowing
boom 8.6 the tree 5. no evidence for borrowing
eik 8.61 the oak 5. no evidence for borrowing
beuk 8.62 the beech 5. no evidence for borrowing
berk 8.63 the birch 5. no evidence for borrowing
pijnboom 8.64 the pine 5. no evidence for borrowing
den 8.64 the pine 5. no evidence for borrowing
spar 8.65 the fir 5. no evidence for borrowing
eikel 8.66 the acorn 5. no evidence for borrowing
wingerd 8.67 the vine 5. no evidence for borrowing
tabak 8.68 the tobacco 1. clearly borrowed
roken 8.69 to smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
pijp 8.691 the pipe 1. clearly borrowed
stronk 8.72 the tree stump 5. no evidence for borrowing
boomstam 8.73 the tree trunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
gevorkte tak 8.74 the forked branch 5. no evidence for borrowing
bast 8.75 the bark 5. no evidence for borrowing
sap 8.76 the sap 5. no evidence for borrowing
palm (2) 8.81 the palm tree 1. clearly borrowed
palma ( Latin )
kokosnoot 8.82 the coconut 5. no evidence for borrowing
citrusvrucht 8.83 the citrus fruit 5. no evidence for borrowing
banaan 8.84 the banana 1. clearly borrowed
banyan 8.85 the banyan 1. clearly borrowed
bataat 8.91 the sweet potato 1. clearly borrowed
batata ( Spanish , uncertain)
batata ( Portuguese , uncertain)
zoete aardappel 8.91 the sweet potato 5. no evidence for borrowing
gierst 8.911 the millet or sorghum 5. no evidence for borrowing
sorghum 8.911 the millet or sorghum 1. clearly borrowed
yam 8.912 the yam 1. clearly borrowed
yam ( English )
cassave 8.92 the cassava/manioc 1. clearly borrowed
maniok 8.92 the cassava/manioc 1. clearly borrowed
kalebas 8.93 the gourd 1. clearly borrowed
pompoen 8.931 the pumpkin or squash 1. clearly borrowed
bamboe 8.94 the bamboo 1. clearly borrowed
suikerriet 8.941 the sugar cane 5. no evidence for borrowing
vissengif 8.96 the fish poison 5. no evidence for borrowing
netel 8.97 the nettle 5. no evidence for borrowing
paddenstoel 8.98 the mushroom 5. no evidence for borrowing
lariks 8.991 the larch 1. clearly borrowed
larix ( Latin )
naald 8.993 the needle(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
dennenappel 8.996 the cone 5. no evidence for borrowing
doen 9.11 to do 5. no evidence for borrowing
maken 9.111 to make 5. no evidence for borrowing
werk 9.12 the work 5. no evidence for borrowing
buigen 9.14 to bend 5. no evidence for borrowing
vouwen 9.15 to fold 5. no evidence for borrowing
binden 9.16 to tie 5. no evidence for borrowing
losmaken 9.161 to untie 5. no evidence for borrowing
keten 9.18 the chain 1. clearly borrowed
ketting 9.18 the chain 5. no evidence for borrowing
touw 9.19 the rope 5. no evidence for borrowing
knoop 9.192 the knot 5. no evidence for borrowing
slaan 9.21 to strike or hit or beat 5. no evidence for borrowing
bonzen 9.211 to pound 5. no evidence for borrowing
doorsnijden 9.22 to cut 5. no evidence for borrowing
vellen 9.221 to cut down 5. no evidence for borrowing
hakken 9.222 to chop 5. no evidence for borrowing
steken 9.223 to stab 5. no evidence for borrowing
mes 9.23 the knife(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
schaar 9.24 the scissors or shears 5. no evidence for borrowing
bijl 9.25 the axe/ax 5. no evidence for borrowing
dissel 9.251 the adze 5. no evidence for borrowing
breken 9.26 to break 5. no evidence for borrowing
kapot 9.261 broken 1. clearly borrowed
stuk (2) 9.261 broken 5. no evidence for borrowing
splijten 9.27 to split 5. no evidence for borrowing
scheuren 9.28 to tear 5. no evidence for borrowing
villen 9.29 to skin 5. no evidence for borrowing
wrijven 9.31 to rub 5. no evidence for borrowing
afvegen 9.311 to wipe 5. no evidence for borrowing
uitrekken 9.32 to stretch 5. no evidence for borrowing
trekken 9.33 to pull 5. no evidence for borrowing
uitspreiden 9.34 to spread out 5. no evidence for borrowing
ophangen 9.341 to hang up 5. no evidence for borrowing
drukken 9.342 to press 5. no evidence for borrowing
uitpersen 9.343 to squeeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
schenken 9.35 to pour 5. no evidence for borrowing
wassen 9.36 to wash 5. no evidence for borrowing
vegen 9.37 to sweep 5. no evidence for borrowing
bezem 9.38 the broom 5. no evidence for borrowing
gereedschap 9.422 the tool 5. no evidence for borrowing
werktuig 9.422 the tool 5. no evidence for borrowing
timmerman 9.43 the carpenter 5. no evidence for borrowing
bouwen 9.44 to build 5. no evidence for borrowing
boren 9.46 to bore 5. no evidence for borrowing
uithollen 9.461 to hollow out 5. no evidence for borrowing
zaag 9.48 the saw 5. no evidence for borrowing
hamer 9.49 the hammer 5. no evidence for borrowing
nagel (1) 9.5 the nail 5. no evidence for borrowing
spijker 9.5 the nail 5. no evidence for borrowing
lijm 9.56 the glue 5. no evidence for borrowing
smid 9.6 the blacksmith 5. no evidence for borrowing
smeden 9.61 to forge 5. no evidence for borrowing
aambeeld 9.62 the anvil 5. no evidence for borrowing
gieten 9.63 to cast 5. no evidence for borrowing
goud 9.64 the gold 5. no evidence for borrowing
zilver 9.65 the silver 1. clearly borrowed
koper 9.66 the copper 1. clearly borrowed
ijzer 9.67 the iron 1. clearly borrowed
lood 9.68 the lead 1. clearly borrowed
tin 9.69 the tin or tinplate 5. no evidence for borrowing
pottenbakker 9.71 the potter 5. no evidence for borrowing
boetseren 9.72 to mould/mold 1. clearly borrowed
klei 9.73 the clay 5. no evidence for borrowing
glas 9.74 the glass 5. no evidence for borrowing
vlechten 9.75 to weave or plait/braid 5. no evidence for borrowing
mand 9.76 the basket 5. no evidence for borrowing
mat 9.77 the mat 1. clearly borrowed
matta ( Latin )
tapijt 9.771 the rug 1. clearly borrowed
nettas 9.78 the netbag 5. no evidence for borrowing
waaier 9.79 the fan 5. no evidence for borrowing
koelte toewaaien 9.791 to fan 5. no evidence for borrowing
kerven 9.81 to carve 5. no evidence for borrowing
beeldhouwer 9.82 the sculptor 5. no evidence for borrowing
standbeeld 9.83 the statue 5. no evidence for borrowing
beitel 9.84 the chisel 5. no evidence for borrowing
boemerang 9.87 the boomerang 1. clearly borrowed
verf 9.88 the paint 5. no evidence for borrowing
schilderen 9.89 to paint 5. no evidence for borrowing
verven 9.89 to paint 5. no evidence for borrowing
water putten 9.9 to draw water 5. no evidence for borrowing
haring 9.91 the peg 5. no evidence for borrowing
pin 9.91 the peg 3. perhaps borrowed
pinna ( Latin )
draagband 9.92 the tumpline 5. no evidence for borrowing
slijpsteen 9.93 the whetstone 5. no evidence for borrowing
bewegen 10.11 to move 5. no evidence for borrowing
omdraaien 10.12 to turn 5. no evidence for borrowing
zich omdraaien 10.13 to turn around 5. no evidence for borrowing
wikkelen 10.14 to wrap 1. clearly borrowed
rollen 10.15 to roll 1. clearly borrowed
laten vallen 10.16 to drop 5. no evidence for borrowing
draaien 10.17 to twist 5. no evidence for borrowing
opkomen 10.21 to rise 5. no evidence for borrowing
optillen 10.22 to raise or lift 5. no evidence for borrowing
vallen 10.23 to fall 5. no evidence for borrowing
druppelen 10.24 to drip 5. no evidence for borrowing
gooien 10.25 to throw 5. no evidence for borrowing
werpen 10.25 to throw 5. no evidence for borrowing
vangen 10.252 to catch 5. no evidence for borrowing
schudden 10.26 to shake 5. no evidence for borrowing
stromen 10.32 to flow 5. no evidence for borrowing
zinken 10.33 to sink 5. no evidence for borrowing
drijven 10.34 to float 5. no evidence for borrowing
zwemmen 10.35 to swim 5. no evidence for borrowing
duiken 10.351 to dive 5. no evidence for borrowing
spatten 10.352 to splash 5. no evidence for borrowing
zeilen 10.36 to sail 5. no evidence for borrowing
vliegen 10.37 to fly 5. no evidence for borrowing
blazen 10.38 to blow 5. no evidence for borrowing
kruipen 10.41 to crawl 5. no evidence for borrowing
knielen 10.412 to kneel 5. no evidence for borrowing
hurken 10.413 to crouch 5. no evidence for borrowing
glijden 10.42 to slide or slip 5. no evidence for borrowing
springen 10.43 to jump 5. no evidence for borrowing
trappen 10.431 to kick 5. no evidence for borrowing
dansen 10.44 to dance 1. clearly borrowed
lopen 10.45 to walk 5. no evidence for borrowing
hinken 10.451 to limp 5. no evidence for borrowing
rennen 10.46 to run 5. no evidence for borrowing
gaan 10.47 to go 5. no evidence for borrowing
naar boven gaan 10.471 to go up 5. no evidence for borrowing
klimmen 10.472 to climb 5. no evidence for borrowing
naar beneden gaan 10.473 to go down 5. no evidence for borrowing
weggaan 10.474 to go out 5. no evidence for borrowing
komen 10.48 to come 5. no evidence for borrowing
terugkomen 10.481 to come back 5. no evidence for borrowing
weggaan 10.49 to leave 5. no evidence for borrowing
verdwijnen 10.491 to disappear 5. no evidence for borrowing
vluchten 10.51 to flee 5. no evidence for borrowing
volgen 10.52 to follow 5. no evidence for borrowing
achtervolgen 10.53 to pursue 5. no evidence for borrowing
aankomen 10.55 to arrive 5. no evidence for borrowing
naderen 10.56 to approach 5. no evidence for borrowing
binnenkomen 10.57 to enter 5. no evidence for borrowing
naar huis gaan 10.58 to go or return home 5. no evidence for borrowing
dragen 10.61 to carry 5. no evidence for borrowing
dragen 10.612 to carry in hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
dragen 10.613 to carry on shoulder 5. no evidence for borrowing
dragen 10.614 to carry on head 5. no evidence for borrowing
dragen 10.615 to carry under the arm 5. no evidence for borrowing
brengen 10.62 to bring 5. no evidence for borrowing
sturen 10.63 to send 5. no evidence for borrowing
zenden 10.63 to send 5. no evidence for borrowing
leiden 10.64 to lead 5. no evidence for borrowing
autorijden 10.65 to drive 5. no evidence for borrowing
rijden 10.66 to ride 5. no evidence for borrowing
duwen 10.67 to push 5. no evidence for borrowing
weg 10.71 the road 5. no evidence for borrowing
pad 10.72 the path 5. no evidence for borrowing
brug 10.74 the bridge 5. no evidence for borrowing
kar 10.75 the cart or wagon 1. clearly borrowed
wagen 10.75 the cart or wagon 5. no evidence for borrowing
wiel 10.76 the wheel 5. no evidence for borrowing
as (2) 10.77 the axle 5. no evidence for borrowing
juk 10.78 the yoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
sle(d)e 10.79 the sledge/sled 5. no evidence for borrowing
schip 10.81 the ship 5. no evidence for borrowing
boot 10.83 the boat 3. perhaps borrowed
kano 10.831 the canoe 1. clearly borrowed
outrigger 10.832 the outrigger 1. clearly borrowed
vlot 10.84 the raft 5. no evidence for borrowing
riem 10.85 the oar 1. clearly borrowed
remus ( Latin )
peddel 10.851 the paddle 1. clearly borrowed
roeien 10.852 to row 5. no evidence for borrowing
roer 10.86 the rudder 5. no evidence for borrowing
mast 10.87 the mast 5. no evidence for borrowing
zeil 10.88 the sail 5. no evidence for borrowing
anker 10.89 the anchor 1. clearly borrowed
haven 10.91 the port 5. no evidence for borrowing
aan land gaan 10.92 to land 5. no evidence for borrowing
hebben 11.11 to have 5. no evidence for borrowing
bezitten 11.12 to own 5. no evidence for borrowing