Kildin Saami Vocabulary
The vocabulary contains 1473 meaning-word pairs from the recipient language Kildin Saami . The corresponding text chapter was published in the book "Loanwords in the World's Languages". The language page Kildin Saami contains a list of all loanwords arranged by donor languoid.
The word is given in the usual orthography or transcription, and in the usual citation form.
Click on a word to get even more information than is shown in this table.
The Loanword Typology code is the identifier of the Loanword Typology meaning.
Sorting by LWT Code sorts the words thematically by semantic field.
This column shows the labels of the Loanword Typology meanings. By clicking on a
meaning label, you get more information about the meaning, as well as a list of
all words that are counterparts of that meaning.
There are five borrowed statuses, reflecting decreasing likelihood that the word is a loanword:
- clearly borrowed
- probably borrowed
- perhaps borrowed
- very little evidence for borrowing
- no evidence for borrowing
This is the time period during which the word is hypothesized to have come into the
language as a loanword, or during which it is first attested, or for which it can be reconstructed.
This gives the usual written form for languages that do not use the Latin script.
For (possible) loanwords, this column shows the words in the source languages that served as models.
| Word | LWT Code | Meaning | Borrowed Status | Original Script | Source Words |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [help] | [help] | [help] | [help] | [help] | [help] |
| ēllmannt | 1.1 | the world | 5. no evidence for borrowing | э̄ллманнт | |
| mɨrr | 1.1 | the world | 1. clearly borrowed | мырр | |
| jēmm’n’e | 1.21 | the land | 5. no evidence for borrowing | е̄ммьне | |
| lavv’n | 1.212 | the soil | 5. no evidence for borrowing | лаввьн | |
| puenn | 1.213 | the dust | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пуэнн | |
| njivv’l | 1.214 | the mud | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ниввьл | |
| vūntas | 1.215 | the sand | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вӯнтас | |
| pāhk’ | 1.22 | the mountain or hill | 2. probably borrowed | пāһкь | |
| urr’t | 1.222 | the cliff or precipice | 5. no evidence for borrowing | уррьт | |
| pueš’en’ | 1.23 | the plain | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пуэшенҍ | |
| poal’a | 1.23 | the plain | 1. clearly borrowed | поаля | |
| vūmm’ | 1.24 | the valley | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вӯммь | |
| liegk’ | 1.24 | the valley | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ле̄гкь | |
| liek’š | 1.24 | the valley | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ле̄кьш | |
| suel | 1.25 | the island | 2. probably borrowed | суэл | |
| mōnter | 1.26 | the mainland | 5. no evidence for borrowing | мо̄нтэр | |
| rɨnnt | 1.27 | the shore | 1. clearly borrowed | рыннт | |
| kānn’t | 1.27 | the shore | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ка̄ннҍт | |
| vueŋŋk | 1.28 | the cave | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вуэӈӈк | |
| čāʒ’ | 1.31 | the water | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ча̄дзь | |
| mierr | 1.32 | the sea | 1. clearly borrowed | ме̄рр |
meri (Finnish)
(
Fennic
)
|
| kuellh’k | 1.322 | calm | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куэӆӆьк | |
| šēŋŋ | 1.323 | rough(2) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | шэ̄ӈӈ | |
| sōppt | 1.324 | the foam | 4. very little evidence for borrowing | со̄ппт | |
| ak’eán | 1.329 | the ocean | 1. clearly borrowed | акеан | |
| jāvv’r | 1.33 | the lake | 2. probably borrowed | я̄ввьр | |
| vūnn | 1.34 | the bay | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вӯнн | |
| lūxxt | 1.34 | the bay | 2. probably borrowed | лӯххт | |
| lagúna | 1.341 | the lagoon | 5. no evidence for borrowing | лагуна | |
| kuerrk | 1.342 | the reef | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куэррк | |
| njoarrk | 1.343 | the cape | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нёаррк | |
| nēmmp | 1.35 | the wave | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нэ̄ммп | |
| cuegk’ ja aʒ’ | 1.352 | the tide | 5. no evidence for borrowing | цуэгкь я адзь | |
| cuegk’ | 1.353 | the low tide | 5. no evidence for borrowing | цуэгкь | |
| tivvt čāʒ’ | 1.354 | the high tide | 5. no evidence for borrowing | тиввт ча̄дзь | |
| aʒ’ | 1.354 | the high tide | 2. probably borrowed | адзь |
*ǵēi- ~ *ǵî-
(
Germanic
)
|
| jōgk | 1.36 | the river or stream | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ё̄гк | |
| vɨrr | 1.362 | the whirlpool | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вырр | |
| čāʒ’-čullm | 1.362 | the whirlpool | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ча̄дзь-чуллм | |
| kājjv | 1.37 | the spring or well | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ка̄ййв | |
| lāmm’p | 1.38 | the swamp | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ла̄ммьп | |
| kūššk | 1.39 | the waterfall | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кӯшшк | |
| vārr’ | 1.41 | the woods or forest | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ва̄ррь | |
| savánna | 1.411 | the savanna | 5. no evidence for borrowing | саванна | |
| mūrr | 1.43 | the wood | 5. no evidence for borrowing | мӯрр | |
| kiedd’k | 1.44 | the stone or rock | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ке̄ддҍк | |
| jēmm’n’e-pušštnehk’ | 1.45 | the earthquake | 5. no evidence for borrowing | е̄ммьне-пушштнэһкь | |
| all’m | 1.51 | the sky | 5. no evidence for borrowing | алльм | |
| piejjv | 1.52 | the sun | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пе̄ййв | |
| mānn | 1.53 | the moon | 2. probably borrowed | ма̄нн | |
| tāss’t | 1.54 | the star | 5. no evidence for borrowing | тāссьт | |
| tīr’m’es’-ŋull | 1.55 | the lightning | 5. no evidence for borrowing | тӣрьмесь-нюлл | |
| čārrke | 1.56 | the thunder | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ча̄рркэ | |
| tīr’mes’ | 1.56 | the thunder | 5. no evidence for borrowing | тӣрьмэсь | |
| tōllkassk | 1.57 | the bolt of lightning | 5. no evidence for borrowing | то̄ллкасск | |
| pōrrk | 1.58 | the storm | 5. no evidence for borrowing | по̄ррк | |
| tīr’mes’-jūkks | 1.59 | the rainbow | 5. no evidence for borrowing | тӣрьмесь-ю̄ккс | |
| čūvv | 1.61 | the light | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чӯвв | |
| sievv’n | 1.62 | the darkness | 5. no evidence for borrowing | се̄ввьн | |
| kɨvv’n | 1.63 | the shade or shadow | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кыввьн | |
| lapp’s | 1.64 | the dew | 5. no evidence for borrowing | лаппьс | |
| vūjnas | 1.71 | the air | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вӯйнас | |
| pīŋŋk | 1.72 | the wind | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пӣӈӈк | |
| pēvvl | 1.73 | the cloud | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пэ̄ввл | |
| cīgk | 1.74 | the fog | 5. no evidence for borrowing | цӣгк | |
| ābb’r | 1.75 | the rain | 2. probably borrowed | а̄ббьр | |
| vēʒ | 1.76 | the snow | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вэ̄дз | |
| īŋŋ | 1.77 | the ice | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ӣӈӈ | |
| voafsxess | 1.771 | the arctic lights | 2. probably borrowed | воафсхэсс | |
| kall’me | 1.775 | to freeze | 2. probably borrowed | калльмэ | |
| jērrk | 1.78 | the weather | 5. no evidence for borrowing | е̄ррк | |
| tōll | 1.81 | the fire | 5. no evidence for borrowing | то̄лл | |
| tōlnjūxxčem’ | 1.82 | the flame | 5. no evidence for borrowing | то̄лню̄ххчемь | |
| sūvv | 1.83 | the smoke | 5. no evidence for borrowing | сӯвв | |
| poarr | 1.831 | the steam | 1. clearly borrowed | поарр | |
| kunn | 1.84 | the ash | 2. probably borrowed | кунн | |
| ɨlas | 1.841 | the embers | 2. probably borrowed | ылас | |
| puell’te | 1.851 | to burn(1) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пуэлльтэ | |
| pūll’e | 1.852 | to burn(2) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пӯлле | |
| puell’te | 1.86 | to light | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пуэлльтэ | |
| čuacckte | 1.861 | to extinguish | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чуаццктэ | |
| spička | 1.87 | the match | 5. no evidence for borrowing | спичка | |
| mūrr | 1.88 | the firewood | 5. no evidence for borrowing | мӯрр | |
| ɨll | 1.89 | the charcoal | 2. probably borrowed | ылл | |
| mūrr-ɨll | 1.89 | the charcoal | 5. no evidence for borrowing | мӯрр-ылл | |
| olma | 2.1 | the person | 2. probably borrowed | олма | |
| oalmolma | 2.21 | the man | 5. no evidence for borrowing | оалмолма | |
| nɨzan | 2.22 | the woman | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нызан | |
| oalmolma- | 2.23 | male(1) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | оалмолма- | |
| nɨzan- | 2.24 | female(1) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нызан- | |
| pārr’ša | 2.25 | the boy | 5. no evidence for borrowing | па̄ррьн | |
| pārr’n | 2.251 | the young man | 5. no evidence for borrowing | па̄ррьшя | |
| nījta | 2.26 | the girl | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нӣйта | |
| nījjt | 2.261 | the young woman | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нӣййт | |
| pārnenč | 2.27 | the child(1) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | па̄рнэнч | |
| pārnenč | 2.28 | the baby | 5. no evidence for borrowing | па̄рнэнч | |
| kūjj | 2.31 | the husband | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кӯйй | |
| koab | 2.32 | the wife | 5. no evidence for borrowing | коаб | |
| āhk’ | 2.32 | the wife | 5. no evidence for borrowing | а̄һкь | |
| vɨjjte kūjje | 2.33 | to marry | 5. no evidence for borrowing | выййтэ кӯйе | |
| nāim | 2.34 | the wedding | 2. probably borrowed | на̄им | |
| roattkje | 2.341 | the divorce | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ро̄а̄тткъе | |
| aǯ | 2.35 | the father | 5. no evidence for borrowing | аджь | |
| jēnn’ | 2.36 | the mother | 5. no evidence for borrowing | е̄ннҍ | |
| rōd’x’el’ | 2.37 | the parents | 1. clearly borrowed | ро̄дҍхель | |
| noajjhtma | 2.38 | the married man | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ноаҋҋтма | |
| kūjes’ | 2.39 | the married woman | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кӯесь | |
| all’k | 2.41 | the son | 5. no evidence for borrowing | алльк | |
| nījjt | 2.42 | the daughter | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нӣййт | |
| pārrne | 2.43 | the child(2) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | па̄ррнэ | |
| vīllj | 2.44 | the brother | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вӣлльй | |
| puarsa vīllj | 2.444 | the older brother | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пуарса вӣлльй | |
| nūra vīll’j | 2.445 | the younger brother | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нӯра вӣлльй | |
| vuerr’pen’ | 2.45 | the sister | 2. probably borrowed | вуэррьпэнҍ | |
| puarsa vuerr’pen’ | 2.454 | the older sister | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пуарса вуэррьпэнҍ | |
| nūra vuerr’pen’ | 2.455 | the younger sister | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нӯра вуэррьпэнҍ | |
| vuerr’pen’ ja vīlj | 2.456 | the sibling | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вуэррьпэнҍ я вӣльй | |
| jūm’ehk | 2.458 | the twins | 4. very little evidence for borrowing | ю̄меһк | |
| ajj | 2.46 | the grandfather | 5. no evidence for borrowing | айй | |
| kāll’es’ | 2.461 | the old man | 1. clearly borrowed | ка̄ллесь | |
| oahka | 2.47 | the grandmother | 5. no evidence for borrowing | оаһка | |
| āka | 2.47 | the grandmother | 5. no evidence for borrowing | а̄ка | |
| āka | 2.471 | the old woman | 5. no evidence for borrowing | а̄ка | |
| āhk’ | 2.471 | the old woman | 5. no evidence for borrowing | а̄һкь | |
| āhkev | 2.48 | the grandson | 5. no evidence for borrowing | а̄һкэв | |
| ājjev | 2.49 | the granddaughter | 5. no evidence for borrowing | а̄йев | |
| ājjev | 2.5 | the grandchild | 5. no evidence for borrowing | а̄йев | |
| āhkev | 2.5 | the grandchild | 5. no evidence for borrowing | а̄һкэв | |
| īnn (1) | 2.51 | the uncle | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ӣнн | |
| čieʒ’ | 2.51 | the uncle | 5. no evidence for borrowing | че̄дзь | |
| jēgk’ | 2.51 | the uncle | 5. no evidence for borrowing | е̄гкь | |
| jēgk’ | 2.512 | the father's brother | 5. no evidence for borrowing | е̄гкь | |
| sīss’ | 2.52 | the aunt | 5. no evidence for borrowing | сӣссь | |
| kuess’k | 2.52 | the aunt | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куэсськ | |
| kuess’k | 2.521 | the mother's sister | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куэсськ | |
| mūdt | 2.522 | the father's sister | 5. no evidence for borrowing | мӯдт | |
| pl’eménihk | 2.53 | the nephew | 1. clearly borrowed | племэниһк |
plem’ánnik
(
Russian
)
|
| neapaj | 2.53 | the nephew | 1. clearly borrowed | няпай |
*nepuotis m.
(
Baltic
)
|
| pl’eménihk | 2.54 | the niece | 1. clearly borrowed | племэниһк |
plem’ánnik
(
Russian
)
|
| vīll’j-piell’ | 2.55 | the cousin | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вилльй-пе̄лль | |
| vuerr’-piell’ | 2.55 | the cousin | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вуэррь-пе̄лль | |
| mādter | 2.56 | the ancestors | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ма̄дтэр | |
| vūffp | 2.61 | the father-in-law (of a man) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вӯффп | |
| vūhp | 2.611 | the father-in-law (of a woman) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вӯһп | |
| vūnn’ | 2.62 | the mother-in-law (of a man) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вӯннҍ | |
| vūnn’ | 2.621 | the mother-in-law (of a woman) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вӯннҍ | |
| zeaht’ | 2.63 | the son-in-law (of a man) | 1. clearly borrowed | зя̄һтҍ | |
| vɨvv | 2.63 | the son-in-law (of a man) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вывв | |
| vɨvv | 2.631 | the son-in-law (of a woman) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вывв | |
| zeaht’ | 2.631 | the son-in-law (of a woman) | 1. clearly borrowed | зя̄һтҍ | |
| kūim | 2.64 | the daughter-in-law (of a man) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кӯим | |
| mannj | 2.641 | the daughter-in-law (of a woman) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | маннь | |
| vuennj | 2.6412 | the sibling-in-law | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вуэннь | |
| āǯ-piell’ | 2.71 | the stepfather | 5. no evidence for borrowing | а̄джь-пе̄лль | |
| jēnn’-piell’ | 2.72 | the stepmother | 5. no evidence for borrowing | е̄ннҍ-пе̄лль | |
| all’k-piell’ | 2.73 | the stepson | 5. no evidence for borrowing | алльк-пе̄лль | |
| nījjt-piell’ | 2.74 | the stepdaughter | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нӣййт-пе̄лль | |
| až’xem-jēn’xem | 2.75 | the orphan | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ажьхэм-е̄нҍхэм | |
| liessk | 2.76 | the widow | 2. probably borrowed | ле̄сск | |
| liessk-āhk’ | 2.76 | the widow | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ле̄сск-а̄һкь | |
| liessk-kāll’es’ | 2.77 | the widower | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ле̄сск-ка̄ллесь | |
| rōdt | 2.81 | the relatives | 1. clearly borrowed | ро̄дт | |
| pīras | 2.82 | the family | 2. probably borrowed | пӣрас | |
| munn | 2.91 | I | 5. no evidence for borrowing | мунн | |
| tōnn | 2.92 | you (singular) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | то̄нн | |
| sōnn | 2.93 | he/she/it | 5. no evidence for borrowing | со̄нн | |
| mɨjj | 2.94 | we | 5. no evidence for borrowing | мыйй | |
| tɨjj | 2.95 | you (plural) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | тыйй | |
| sɨjj | 2.96 | they | 5. no evidence for borrowing | сыйй | |
| žɨva | 3.11 | the animal | 1. clearly borrowed | жыва |
žívo, adj.
(
Russian
)
|
| oar’es’ | 3.12 | male(2) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | оаресь | |
| niŋŋless | 3.13 | female(2) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ниӈӈлэсс | |
| kuedt’-žɨva | 3.15 | the livestock | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куэдтҍ-жыва | |
| karall’ | 3.16 | the pasture | 1. clearly borrowed | каралль | |
| pɨ̄nnej | 3.18 | the herdsman | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пынней | |
| lieff | 3.19 | the stable or stall | 1. clearly borrowed | ле̅фф | |
| šūrr nāvv’t | 3.2 | the cattle | 5. no evidence for borrowing | шӯрр на̄ввьт | |
| oar’es’-līx’em’ | 3.21 | the bull | 5. no evidence for borrowing | оаресь-лӣхемь | |
| jērr’k | 3.22 | the ox | 1. clearly borrowed | е̄ррьк | |
| līx’em’ | 3.23 | the cow | 1. clearly borrowed | лӣхемь | |
| līx’еm’-alka | 3.24 | the calf | 5. no evidence for borrowing | лӣхемь-алка | |
| lām’pes’ | 3.25 | the sheep | 1. clearly borrowed | ла̄мьпэсь | |
| oar’es’-lām’pes’ | 3.26 | the ram | 5. no evidence for borrowing | оаресь-ла̄мьпесь | |
| lām’pes’ | 3.28 | the ewe | 1. clearly borrowed | ла̄мьпэсь | |
| lām’pes’-alka | 3.29 | the lamb | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ла̄мьпесь-алка | |
| kabán | 3.32 | the boar | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кабан | |
| jēnn’-šagk’ | 3.34 | the sow | 5. no evidence for borrowing | е̄ннҍ-шагкь | |
| šagk’ | 3.35 | the pig | 1. clearly borrowed | шагкь | |
| koaza | 3.36 | the goat | 1. clearly borrowed | коаза | |
| oar’es’-koaza | 3.37 | the he-goat | 5. no evidence for borrowing | оаресь-коаза | |
| koaza-alka | 3.38 | the kid | 5. no evidence for borrowing | коаза-алка | |
| jēbaš’ | 3.41 | the horse | 2. probably borrowed | е̄башь | |
| oar’es’-jēb’eš’ | 3.42 | the stallion | 5. no evidence for borrowing | оаресь-е̄бешь | |
| niŋŋless jēb’eš’ | 3.44 | the mare | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ниӈӈлэсс е̄бешь | |
| jēb’eš’-alkа | 3.45 | the foal or colt | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ēбешь-алка | |
| ōss’el | 3.46 | the donkey | 1. clearly borrowed | о̄ссел | |
| kuedt’-loann’t | 3.5 | the fowl | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куэдтҍ-лоаннҍт | |
| piettex | 3.52 | the cock/rooster | 1. clearly borrowed | петтэх | |
| kānn’ | 3.54 | the hen | 1. clearly borrowed | ка̄ннҍ | |
| kānn’-pura | 3.55 | the chicken | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ка̄ннҍ-пура | |
| čuenj | 3.56 | the goose | 2. probably borrowed | чуэнь | |
| čāʒ’-loann’t | 3.57 | the duck | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ча̄дзь-лоаннҍт | |
| čūrrh’š | 3.57 | the duck | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чӯҏҏьш | |
| piess’ | 3.58 | the nest | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пе̄ссь | |
| loann’t | 3.581 | the bird | 5. no evidence for borrowing | лоаннҍт | |
| čābar | 3.582 | the seagull | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ча̅бар | |
| kuec’kem’ | 3.584 | the eagle | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куэцькэмь | |
| vāll’ | 3.585 | the hawk | 2. probably borrowed | ва̄лль | |
| kɨrr’tej-sāhpliŋk | 3.591 | the bat | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кыррьтэй-са̄һплиӈӈк | |
| sārnem-loann’t | 3.592 | the parrot | 5. no evidence for borrowing | са̄рнэм-лоаннҍт | |
| kār’nes’ | 3.593 | the crow | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ка̄рьнэсь | |
| čoafen | 3.596 | the owl | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чоафэн | |
| kārrv | 3.597 | the cormorant | 1. clearly borrowed | ка̄ррв | |
| pienne | 3.61 | the dog | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пе̄ннэ | |
| njuemmel’ | 3.614 | the rabbit | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нюэммель | |
| koass | 3.62 | the cat | 1. clearly borrowed | коасс | |
| sāhpliŋk | 3.63 | the mouse or rat | 5. no evidence for borrowing | са̄һплиӈӈк | |
| kūll’ | 3.65 | the fish | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кӯлль | |
| viepp’s | 3.652 | the fin | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ве̄ппьс | |
| čūmm | 3.653 | the scale | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чӯмм | |
| suvv’t | 3.654 | the gill | 2. probably borrowed | суввьт | |
| kāllh’č | 3.655 | the shell | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ка̄ӆӆьч | |
| āhkliŋk | 3.661 | the shark | 2. probably borrowed | а̄һклиӈк | |
| nɨšš | 3.662 | the porpoise or dolphin | 2. probably borrowed | нышш | |
| vāl’es’ | 3.663 | the whale | 1. clearly borrowed | ва̄лесь | |
| pal’tes’ | 3.71 | the wolf | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пальтэсь | |
| nāvv’t | 3.71 | the wolf | 2. probably borrowed | на̄ввьт | |
| skumm’p | 3.71 | the wolf | 4. very little evidence for borrowing | скуммьп | |
| lievv | 3.72 | the lion | 1. clearly borrowed | левв | |
| tāll | 3.73 | the bear | 1. clearly borrowed | та̄лл | |
| rīmm’n | 3.74 | the fox | 5. no evidence for borrowing | рӣммьн | |
| koan’t | 3.75 | the deer | 5. no evidence for borrowing | коанҍт | |
| ab’ezjána | 3.76 | the monkey | 5. no evidence for borrowing | абезьяна | |
| slonn | 3.77 | the elephant | 1. clearly borrowed | слонн | |
| vierbl’ud | 3.78 | the camel | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ве̄рблюд | |
| žɨva | 3.81 | the insect | 1. clearly borrowed | жыва |
žívo, adj.
(
Russian
)
|
| tɨhk’ | 3.811 | the head louse | 5. no evidence for borrowing | тыһкь | |
| tɨhk’ | 3.8112 | the body louse | 5. no evidence for borrowing | тыһкь | |
| čivvras | 3.812 | the nit | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чивврас | |
| pienne-tɨhk’ | 3.813 | the flea | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пе̄ннэ-тыһкь | |
| jēnas-jūll’k | 3.814 | the centipede | 5. no evidence for borrowing | е̄нас-ю̄лльк | |
| toarkan | 3.816 | the cockroach | 1. clearly borrowed | тоаркан | |
| kōttk | 3.817 | the ant | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ко̄ттк | |
| oaz (1) | 3.818 | the spider | 5. no evidence for borrowing | оаз | |
| jevneš | 3.818 | the spider | 5. no evidence for borrowing | е̄внэш | |
| oaʒe sājjm | 3.819 | the spider web | 5. no evidence for borrowing | оадзэ са̄ййм | |
| miedаš | 3.82 | the bee | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ме̄даш | |
| veazvušk-tārr’v | 3.821 | the beeswax | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вязвушк-та̄ррьв | |
| veazvušk-piess’ | 3.822 | the beehive | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вязвушк-пе̄ссь | |
| veazveš | 3.823 | the wasp | 1. clearly borrowed | вязвэш |
*hvefs
(
North Germanic
)
|
| čueraš | 3.83 | the fly | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чуэраш | |
| mieg’er’ | 3.831 | the sandfly or midge or gnat | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ме̄герь | |
| čūššk | 3.832 | the mosquito | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чӯшшк | |
| rāhk | 3.833 | the prawns or shrimp | 1. clearly borrowed | ра̄һк | |
| mādt | 3.84 | the worm | 1. clearly borrowed | ма̄дт |
mato (Finnish)
(
Fennic
)
|
| kūvv’t | 3.85 | the snake | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кӯввьт | |
| kajót | 3.862 | the coyote | 5. no evidence for borrowing | койот | |
| njuemmel’ | 3.863 | the hare | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нюэммель | |
| jenót | 3.866 | the raccoon | 5. no evidence for borrowing | энот | |
| vuerr’ev | 3.869 | the squirrel | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вуэррев | |
| puaz | 3.871 | the reindeer/caribou | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пуаз | |
| sērrv | 3.872 | the elk/moose | 2. probably borrowed | сэ̄ррв | |
| mājjek | 3.873 | the beaver | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ма̄йек | |
| keŋgurú | 3.88 | the kangaroo | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кэнгуру | |
| murav’éd | 3.89 | the anteater | 5. no evidence for borrowing | муравьед | |
| jāguar | 3.9 | the jaguar | 5. no evidence for borrowing | я̄гуар | |
| pɨlh’kej-čūššk | 3.91 | the firefly | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пыӆькэй-чӯшшк | |
| xam’el’ón | 3.913 | the chameleon | 5. no evidence for borrowing | хамелеон | |
| zubr | 3.917 | the buffalo | 5. no evidence for borrowing | зубр | |
| āll’p | 3.92 | the butterfly | 5. no evidence for borrowing | а̄лльп | |
| sūjjn-njuččkej | 3.93 | the grasshopper | 5. no evidence for borrowing | сӯййн-нюччкэй | |
| cuemp | 3.95 | the frog | 2. probably borrowed | цуэмп | |
| tiejnčliŋk | 3.96 | the lizard | 5. no evidence for borrowing | те̄йнчлиӈк | |
| krokadíl | 3.97 | the crocodile or alligator | 5. no evidence for borrowing | крокадил | |
| tapīr | 3.99 | the tapir | 5. no evidence for borrowing | тапир | |
| roaŋŋ’k | 4.11 | the body | 5. no evidence for borrowing | роаӈӈҍк | |
| tūllj | 4.12 | the skin or hide | 5. no evidence for borrowing | тӯлльй | |
| vuennč | 4.13 | the flesh | 2. probably borrowed | вуэннч |
*anśa-s
(
Indo-Iranian
)
|
| vūppt | 4.14 | the hair | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вӯппт | |
| seam | 4.142 | the beard | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ся̄м | |
| sefs | 4.144 | the body hair | 5. no evidence for borrowing | сэфс | |
| sipp | 4.145 | the pubic hair | 5. no evidence for borrowing | сипп | |
| kēnn | 4.146 | the dandruff | 2. probably borrowed | кэ̄нн | |
| vērr | 4.15 | the blood | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вэ̄рр | |
| vērr-sūnn | 4.151 | the vein or artery | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вэ̄рр-сӯнн | |
| sūnn | 4.151 | the vein or artery | 2. probably borrowed | сӯнн |
*sHi-nu
(
Indo-European
)
|
| tāxx’t | 4.16 | the bone | 5. no evidence for borrowing | та̄ххьт | |
| jērrh’t-tāxx’t | 4.162 | the rib | 5. no evidence for borrowing | е̄ҏҏьт-та̄ххьт | |
| čuerr’v | 4.17 | the horn | 2. probably borrowed | чуэррьв |
*śṛva-
(
Indo-Iranian
)
|
| siejjp | 4.18 | the tail | 5. no evidence for borrowing | се̄ййп | |
| siell’k | 4.19 | the back | 2. probably borrowed | се̄лльк | |
| čōla | 4.191 | the spine | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чо̄ла | |
| vuejjv | 4.2 | the head | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вуэййв | |
| rūdt’e-piell’ | 4.201 | the temples | 5. no evidence for borrowing | рӯдтӭ-пе̄лль | |
| vuejjv-kābp’ | 4.202 | the skull | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вуэййв-ка̄бпь | |
| ēd | 4.203 | the brain | 5. no evidence for borrowing | э̄д | |
| kāssv | 4.204 | the face | 1. clearly borrowed | ка̄ссв | |
| vuehc’ | 4.205 | the forehead | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вуэһць | |
| vuallneš | 4.207 | the jaw | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вуаллнешш | |
| nīrr | 4.208 | the cheek | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нӣрр | |
| kājjp | 4.209 | the chin | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ка̄ййп | |
| čall’m | 4.21 | the eye | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чалльм | |
| kull’m | 4.212 | the eyebrow | 2. probably borrowed | кулльм | |
| čall’m-rūmtas | 4.213 | the eyelid | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чалльм-рӯмтас | |
| riemas | 4.214 | the eyelash | 1. clearly borrowed | ре̄ммас | |
| cɨrmšuvve | 4.215 | to blink | 5. no evidence for borrowing | цырмшуввэ | |
| piellj | 4.22 | the ear | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пе̄лльй | |
| piellj-kiedt’k | 4.221 | the earlobe | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пе̄лльй-ке̄дтҍк | |
| kāss’ | 4.222 | the earwax | 2. probably borrowed | ка̄ссь | |
| njunn’ | 4.23 | the nose | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нюннҍ | |
| sērrem | 4.231 | the nostril | 5. no evidence for borrowing | се̄ррэм | |
| rēgk’ | 4.232 | the nasal mucus | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ре̄гкь | |
| njāll’m | 4.24 | the mouth | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ня̄лльм | |
| njunn’ | 4.241 | the beak | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нюннҍ | |
| piefs | 4.25 | the lip | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пэ̄фс | |
| njuxčem’ | 4.26 | the tongue | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нюхчемь | |
| pānn’ | 4.27 | the tooth | 5. no evidence for borrowing | па̄ннҍ | |
| ellân | 4.271 | the gums | 5. no evidence for borrowing | эллэн | |
| moant-pannj | 4.272 | the molar tooth | 5. no evidence for borrowing | моант-паннь | |
| čāpex | 4.28 | the neck | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ча̄пэх | |
| nɨšš’k | 4.281 | the nape of the neck | 2. probably borrowed | нышшьк | |
| čont | 4.29 | the throat | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чонт | |
| vuell’k | 4.3 | the shoulder | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вуэлльк | |
| lūbp’ | 4.301 | the shoulderblade | 4. very little evidence for borrowing | лӯбпь | |
| vuеll’k-taхх’t | 4.302 | the collarbone | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вуэлльк-таххьт | |
| kīdt | 4.31 | the arm | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кӣдт | |
| kajnal | 4.312 | the armpit | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кайнал | |
| kar’nel’ | 4.32 | the elbow | 5. no evidence for borrowing | карьнэль | |
| kīdt-lābp’ | 4.321 | the wrist | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кӣдт-ла̄бпь | |
| kīdt | 4.33 | the hand | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кӣдт | |
| kīdt-koalldegk | 4.331 | the palm of the hand | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кӣдт-коаллдэгк | |
| kuemm’er’ | 4.331 | the palm of the hand | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куэммерь | |
| ciehp | 4.34 | the finger | 5. no evidence for borrowing | цēһп | |
| piell’k | 4.342 | the thumb | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пе̄лльк | |
| kēnnc | 4.344 | the fingernail | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кэ̄ннц | |
| kēnnc | 4.345 | the claw | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кэ̄ннц | |
| jūll’k | 4.35 | the leg | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ю̄лльк | |
| čuarr-piell’ | 4.351 | the thigh | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чуарр-пе̄лль | |
| piecck | 4.352 | the calf of the leg | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пе̄ццк | |
| pūvvl | 4.36 | the knee | 2. probably borrowed | пӯввл |
*polu-
(
Indo-European
)
|
| jūll’k | 4.37 | the foot | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ю̄лльк | |
| kuemmer’ | 4.371 | the ankle | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куэммерь | |
| kānnt | 4.372 | the heel | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ка̄ннт | |
| jūll’k-kīj | 4.374 | the footprint | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ю̄лльк-кӣй | |
| jūll’k-ciehp | 4.38 | the toe | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ю̄лльк-це̄һп | |
| suejj | 4.392 | the wing | 5. no evidence for borrowing | суэйй | |
| pōnnc | 4.393 | the feather | 5. no evidence for borrowing | по̄ннц | |
| mīllk | 4.4 | the chest | 5. no evidence for borrowing | мӣллк | |
| ninnč | 4.41 | the breast | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ниннч | |
| rann’t | 4.41 | the breast | 5. no evidence for borrowing | раннҍт | |
| vuajva | 4.412 | the nipple or teat | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вуайва | |
| ninnč | 4.42 | the udder | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ниннч | |
| nābp’ | 4.43 | the navel | 1. clearly borrowed | на̄бпь |
napa (Finnish)
(
Fennic
)
|
| čuejjv | 4.431 | the belly | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чуэййв | |
| kūtt’k | 4.44 | the heart | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кӯттьк | |
| sārr’t | 4.44 | the heart | 2. probably borrowed | са̄ррьт | |
| kiehp’ness | 4.441 | the lung | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ке̄һпьнэсс | |
| vūjvas | 4.45 | the liver | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вӯйвас | |
| man’em’-čall’m | 4.451 | the kidney | 5. no evidence for borrowing | манӭмь-чалльм | |
| tāmm’p | 4.452 | the spleen | 5. no evidence for borrowing | та̄ммьп | |
| čuejjv | 4.46 | the stomach | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чуэййв | |
| toaŋŋ’k | 4.46 | the stomach | 5. no evidence for borrowing | тоаӈӈьк | |
| čuell’ | 4.461 | the intestines or guts | 2. probably borrowed | чуэлль |
*śālā
(
Indo-Iranian
)
|
| roaŋŋ’k | 4.462 | the waist | 5. no evidence for borrowing | роаӈӈҍк | |
| čuarr-piell’ | 4.463 | the hip | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чуарр-пе̄лль | |
| čuarr-piell’ | 4.464 | the buttocks | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чуарр-пе̄лль | |
| pūŋŋ | 4.47 | the womb | 2. probably borrowed | пӯӈӈ | |
| kūll | 4.49 | the testicles | 2. probably borrowed | кӯлл | |
| pūdc | 4.492 | the penis | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пӯдц | |
| ciennrājjk | 4.493 | the vagina | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ценнра̄ййк | |
| cienn | 4.494 | the vulva | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ценн | |
| kunn’ | 4.494 | the vulva | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куннҍ | |
| vūjjne | 4.51 | to breathe | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вӯййнэ | |
| āmm’se | 4.52 | to yawn | 5. no evidence for borrowing | а̄ммьсэ | |
| šlēhkle | 4.521 | to hiccough | 2. probably borrowed | шлэ̄һклэ | |
| kosse (1) | 4.53 | to cough | 5. no evidence for borrowing | коссэ | |
| kašš’ne | 4.54 | to sneeze | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кашшьнэ | |
| pīvvse | 4.55 | to perspire | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пӣввсэ | |
| čōllke | 4.56 | to spit | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чо̄ллкэ | |
| vukk’se | 4.57 | to vomit | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вуккьсэ | |
| kācc’ke | 4.58 | to bite | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ка̄ццькэ | |
| njualle | 4.59 | to lick | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нюаллэ | |
| šoajval | 4.591 | to dribble | 5. no evidence for borrowing | шоайвал | |
| vuedt’e | 4.61 | to sleep | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вуэдтӭ | |
| nager’ | 4.61 | to sleep | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нагерь | |
| korse | 4.612 | to snore | 5. no evidence for borrowing | корсэ | |
| nager’ | 4.62 | to dream | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нагерь | |
| ruekxe | 4.63 | to wake up | 5. no evidence for borrowing | руэкхэ | |
| pūcke | 4.64 | to fart | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пӯцкэ | |
| kōnnče | 4.65 | to piss | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ко̄ннче | |
| pāšš’ke | 4.66 | to shit | 5. no evidence for borrowing | па̄шшькэ | |
| narr’ke | 4.67 | to have sex | 5. no evidence for borrowing | наррькэ | |
| kɨrr’te | 4.68 | to shiver | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кыррьтэ | |
| vūjnedte | 4.69 | to bathe | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ву̅йнэдтэ | |
| lehke | 4.71 | to beget | 5. no evidence for borrowing | лэһкэ | |
| šēnnte | 4.72 | to be born | 1. clearly borrowed | шэ̄ннтэ |
cf. synty-
(
Fennic
)
|
| jāras | 4.73 | pregnant | 5. no evidence for borrowing | я̄рас | |
| pūŋŋluvve | 4.732 | to conceive | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пӯӈӈлуввэ | |
| jēllej | 4.74 | to be alive | 5. no evidence for borrowing | е̄ллей | |
| jāl | 4.741 | the life | 5. no evidence for borrowing | я̄л | |
| joamm’e | 4.75 | to die | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ёамме | |
| soarr’m | 4.7501 | dead | 2. probably borrowed | соаррьм | |
| kēccke | 4.751 | to drown | 5. no evidence for borrowing | kэ̄ццкэ | |
| koann’te | 4.76 | to kill | 5. no evidence for borrowing | коаннҍтэ | |
| joam-molma | 4.77 | the corpse | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ёамм-олма | |
| roaŋŋ’k | 4.771 | the carcass | 5. no evidence for borrowing | роаӈӈҍк | |
| rūhk’e | 4.78 | to bury | 5. no evidence for borrowing | рӯһке | |
| kāll’m | 4.79 | the grave | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ка̄лльм | |
| roavas | 4.81 | strong | 5. no evidence for borrowing | роавас |
kræfr
(
North Germanic
)
|
| raš’ | 4.82 | weak | 5. no evidence for borrowing | рашь | |
| tīrvas | 4.83 | healthy | 1. clearly borrowed | тӣрвас | |
| kēbp | 4.84 | sick/ill | 1. clearly borrowed | кэ̄бп | |
| žoarr | 4.841 | the fever | 1. clearly borrowed | жоарр | |
| pomčas | 4.842 | the goitre/goiter | 5. no evidence for borrowing | помчас | |
| kēbp | 4.843 | the cold | 1. clearly borrowed | кэ̄бп | |
| kēbp | 4.844 | the disease | 1. clearly borrowed | кэ̄бп | |
| rānn’ | 4.85 | the wound or sore | 2. probably borrowed | ра̄ӊӊь | |
| čūʒlemušš | 4.852 | the bruise | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чӯдзлэмушш | |
| poaz | 4.853 | the swelling | 5. no evidence for borrowing | поаз | |
| suvv | 4.854 | the itch | 5. no evidence for borrowing | сувв | |
| suvve | 4.8541 | to scratch | 5. no evidence for borrowing | суввэ | |
| čāʒ’-koplеgk | 4.855 | the blister | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ча̄дзь-коплэгк | |
| rūmm’p | 4.856 | the boil | 2. probably borrowed | рӯммьп | |
| sījj | 4.857 | the pus | 5. no evidence for borrowing | сӣйй | |
| ārr’p | 4.858 | the scar | 2. probably borrowed | а̄ррьп | |
| avv’-sajj | 4.858 | the scar | 5. no evidence for borrowing | аввь-сайй | |
| lɨhce | 4.86 | to cure | 5. no evidence for borrowing | лыһцэ | |
| lɨhcej | 4.87 | the physician | 5. no evidence for borrowing | лыһцей | |
| loaddv | 4.88 | the medicine | 5. no evidence for borrowing | лоаддв | |
| sull’em | 4.89 | the poison | 5. no evidence for borrowing | суллем | |
| vīssma | 4.91 | tired | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вӣссма | |
| vueŋŋe | 4.912 | to rest | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вуэӈӈэ | |
| lāš’kes’ | 4.92 | lazy | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ла̅шькэсь | |
| līšš | 4.93 | bald | 1. clearly borrowed | лӣшш | |
| lexkle | 4.94 | lame | 5. no evidence for borrowing | лэхклэ | |
| pielljxem | 4.95 | deaf | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пе̄лльйхэм | |
| mull’j | 4.96 | mute | 5. no evidence for borrowing | мулльй | |
| čall’mxem | 4.97 | blind | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чалльмхэм | |
| jugkma | 4.98 | drunk | 5. no evidence for borrowing | югкма | |
| pāljаs | 4.99 | naked | 5. no evidence for borrowing | па̄льяс | |
| pōrre | 5.11 | to eat | 5. no evidence for borrowing | по̄ррэ | |
| pierrk | 5.12 | the food | 1. clearly borrowed | пе̄ррк | |
| kɨpp’tma | 5.121 | cooked | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кыппьтма | |
| njūcck | 5.122 | raw | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ню̄ццк | |
| loannte | 5.123 | ripe | 5. no evidence for borrowing | лоаннтэ | |
| ruenn | 5.124 | unripe | 1. clearly borrowed | руэнн | |
| kūdc | 5.125 | rotten | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кӯдц | |
| jugke | 5.13 | to drink | 2. probably borrowed | югкэ | |
| njāllke | 5.14 | to be hungry | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ня̄ллкэ | |
| njēll’k | 5.141 | the famine | 4. very little evidence for borrowing | не̄лльк | |
| kōšške | 5.15 | to be thirsty | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ко̄шшкэ | |
| njumme | 5.16 | to suck | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нюммэ | |
| sūsske | 5.18 | to chew | 5. no evidence for borrowing | сӯсскэ | |
| njīlle | 5.181 | to swallow | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нӣллэ | |
| kak’se | 5.19 | to choke | 5. no evidence for borrowing | какьсэ | |
| fīga | 5.75 | the fig | 1. clearly borrowed | кыппьтэ | |
| tūllte | 5.22 | to boil | 5. no evidence for borrowing | тӯллтэ | |
| kuerr’te | 5.23 | to roast or fry | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куэррьтэ | |
| pāšš’te | 5.24 | to bake | 2. probably borrowed | па̄шшьтэ | |
| piehc | 5.25 | the oven | 1. clearly borrowed | пе̄һц | |
| kīmm’n | 5.26 | the pot | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кӣммьн | |
| kīmm’n | 5.27 | the kettle | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кӣммьн | |
| lātt’k | 5.28 | the pan | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ла̄ттҍк | |
| oass’te | 5.31 | the dish | 5. no evidence for borrowing | оассьтэ | |
| piekkarak | 5.32 | the plate | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пе̄ккарак | |
| kārr’ | 5.33 | the bowl | 1. clearly borrowed | ка̄ррь |
kar
(
North Germanic
)
|
| čāʒ’-kārr’ | 5.34 | the jug/pitcher | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ча̄дзь-ка̄ррь | |
| nāhp’ | 5.35 | the cup | 1. clearly borrowed | на̄һпь |
hnappr
(
North Germanic
)
|
| jūdt’ | 5.36 | the saucer | 2. probably borrowed | ю̄дтҍ | |
| pas’tem’ | 5.37 | the spoon | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пасьтэмь | |
| nɨjjp | 5.38 | the knife(1) | 1. clearly borrowed | ныййп | |
| villk | 5.39 | the fork | 1. clearly borrowed | виллк | |
| cɨpp’c | 5.391 | the tongs | 2. probably borrowed | цыппьц |
ščípcy pl.
(
Russian
)
|
| pōrrmušš | 5.41 | the meal | 5. no evidence for borrowing | по̄ррмушш | |
| īnces’-pierrk | 5.42 | the breakfast | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ӣнцэсь-пе̄ррк | |
| piejjv-pierrk | 5.43 | the lunch | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пе̄ййв-пе̄ррк | |
| piejjv-vearr | 5.44 | the dinner | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пе̄ййв-вя̄рр | |
| jēk’es’-pierrk | 5.45 | the supper | 5. no evidence for borrowing | е̄кесь-пе̄ррк | |
| čisste | 5.46 | to peel | 1. clearly borrowed | чисстэ | |
| siejje | 5.47 | to sieve or to strain | 1. clearly borrowed | сейе | |
| vēcckе | 5.48 | to scrape | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вэ̄ццкэ | |
| vīrše | 5.49 | to stir or to mix | 2. probably borrowed | вӣршэ | |
| liejjp | 5.51 | the bread | 1. clearly borrowed | ле̄ййп | |
| vāšen’ | 5.53 | the dough | 1. clearly borrowed | ва̄шенҍ | |
| šōttke | 5.54 | to knead | 5. no evidence for borrowing | шо̄тткэ | |
| jāvv | 5.55 | the flour | 2. probably borrowed | я̄вв | |
| mielle | 5.56 | to crush or to grind | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ме̄ллэ | |
| miell | 5.57 | the mill | 1. clearly borrowed | ме̄лл | |
| vuennč | 5.61 | the meat | 2. probably borrowed | вуэннч |
*anśa-s
(
Indo-Iranian
)
|
| kalpas | 5.63 | the sausage | 1. clearly borrowed | калпас | |
| vearr | 5.64 | the soup | 2. probably borrowed | вя̄рр | |
| limm | 5.64 | the soup | 2. probably borrowed | лимм |
*lei-
(
Indo-European
)
|
| rāss’ | 5.65 | the vegetables | 1. clearly borrowed | ра̄ссь | |
| fassel’ | 5.66 | the bean | 1. clearly borrowed | фассэль | |
| kartoške | 5.7 | the potato | 1. clearly borrowed | картошкэ | |
| šannt | 5.71 | the fruit | 5. no evidence for borrowing | шаннт | |
| fīga | 5.75 | the fig | 5. no evidence for borrowing | фӣга | |
| vɨnn’mūrrj | 5.76 | the grape | 5. no evidence for borrowing | выннҍмӯррьй | |
| mūrrmūrr’j | 5.76 | the grape | 5. no evidence for borrowing | мӯррмӯррьй | |
| or’ex | 5.77 | the nut | 1. clearly borrowed | орех | |
| posnevūjj | 5.79 | the oil | 5. no evidence for borrowing | поснэвӯйй | |
| vūjj | 5.79 | the oil | 2. probably borrowed | вуйй |
*āǵya-
(
Indo-Iranian
)
|
| pūjjt | 5.791 | the grease or fat | 2. probably borrowed | пӯййт | |
| sūll’ | 5.81 | the salt | 2. probably borrowed | сӯлль | |
| pierec | 5.82 | the pepper | 1. clearly borrowed | пе̄рэц | |
| čōgk-pierec | 5.821 | the chili pepper | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чо̄гк-пе̄рэц | |
| mīdt | 5.84 | the honey | 2. probably borrowed | мӣдт |
*médhu-
(
Indo-Iranian
)
|
| sāxar | 5.85 | the sugar | 1. clearly borrowed | сāхар | |
| mājjt | 5.86 | the milk | 1. clearly borrowed | ма̄ййт | |
| lapp’se | 5.87 | to milk | 1. clearly borrowed | лаппьсэ | |
| sɨrr | 5.88 | the cheese | 1. clearly borrowed | сырр | |
| kuzvūjj | 5.89 | the butter | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кузвӯйй | |
| jugkmušš | 5.9 | the drink | 5. no evidence for borrowing | югкмушш | |
| mīdt-jugkmušš | 5.91 | the mead | 5. no evidence for borrowing | мӣдт-югкмушш | |
| vɨnn’ | 5.92 | the wine | 1. clearly borrowed | выннҍ | |
| pīva | 5.93 | the beer | 1. clearly borrowed | пӣва | |
| jāvv | 5.94 | the fermented drink | 2. probably borrowed | я̄вв | |
| mann’ | 5.97 | the egg | 5. no evidence for borrowing | маннҍ | |
| ruxxk | 5.971 | the yolk | 5. no evidence for borrowing | руххк | |
| cāgke | 6.11 | to put on | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ца̄гке | |
| oaz (2) | 6.12 | the clothing or clothes | 1. clearly borrowed | оаз | |
| kuarrеj | 6.13 | the tailor | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куаррэй | |
| rɨbp’ex’ | 6.21 | the cloth | 1. clearly borrowed | рыбпехь | |
| ull | 6.22 | the wool | 1. clearly borrowed | улл |
ull
(
North Germanic
)
|
| lɨjjn | 6.23 | the linen | 1. clearly borrowed | лыййн |
lín
(
North Germanic
)
|
| vāta | 6.24 | the cotton | 1. clearly borrowed | ва̄та | |
| cullhk | 6.25 | the silk | 1. clearly borrowed | цуӆӆк | |
| sārr’k | 6.27 | the felt | 5. no evidence for borrowing | са̄ррьк | |
| sefs | 6.28 | the fur | 5. no evidence for borrowing | сэфс | |
| šɨšš’en’ | 6.29 | the leather | 5. no evidence for borrowing | шышшенҍ | |
| poanne | 6.31 | to spin | 5. no evidence for borrowing | поаннэ | |
| noall’te | 6.32 | the spindle | 2. probably borrowed | ноалльтэ | |
| parr’kte | 6.33 | to weave | 5. no evidence for borrowing | паррьктэ | |
| kuarre | 6.35 | to sew | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куаррэ | |
| nīvv’l | 6.36 | the needle(1) | 1. clearly borrowed | нӣввьл | |
| vuerr’ | 6.37 | the awl | 2. probably borrowed | вуэррь | |
| sūnn | 6.38 | the thread | 2. probably borrowed | сӯнн |
*sHi-nu
(
Indo-European
)
|
| cɨʒ | 6.39 | to dye | 5. no evidence for borrowing | цыдз | |
| plašš | 6.41 | the cloak | 1. clearly borrowed | плашш | |
| pončo | 6.411 | the poncho | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пончо | |
| mācex | 6.42 | the (woman's) dress | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ма̄цэх | |
| jupa | 6.42 | the (woman's) dress | 5. no evidence for borrowing | юпа | |
| pall’te | 6.43 | the coat | 1. clearly borrowed | палльтэ | |
| pājjt | 6.44 | the shirt | 5. no evidence for borrowing | па̄ййт | |
| koavlas | 6.45 | the collar | 5. no evidence for borrowing | коавлас | |
| sārfann | 6.46 | the skirt | 1. clearly borrowed | са̄рфанн | |
| puffs | 6.48 | the trousers | 1. clearly borrowed | пуффс | |
| suhk | 6.49 | the sock or stocking | 1. clearly borrowed | суһк | |
| koame | 6.51 | the shoe | 5. no evidence for borrowing | коаммэ | |
| sāhp’e | 6.52 | the boot | 1. clearly borrowed | са̄һпе | |
| sāhp’e-koarrej | 6.54 | the shoemaker | 5. no evidence for borrowing | са̄һпе-коаррэй | |
| kabp’er’ | 6.55 | the hat or cap | 1. clearly borrowed | кабперь | |
| pueg’en’ | 6.57 | the belt | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пуэгенҍ | |
| voahc | 6.58 | the glove | 2. probably borrowed | воаһц | |
| kāssv-koahtess | 6.59 | the veil | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ка̄ссв-коаһтэсс | |
| kāllht | 6.61 | the pocket | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ка̄ӆӆт | |
| puall | 6.62 | the button | 2. probably borrowed | пуалл |
pola (Finnish)
(
Fennic
)
|
| saŋŋk | 6.63 | the pin | 2. probably borrowed | саӈӈк | |
| vuejjv-nīvv’l | 6.63 | the pin | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вуэййв-нӣввьл | |
| kɨrrj | 6.71 | the ornament or adornment | 1. clearly borrowed | кыррьй | |
| čall’m-sūrmas | 6.72 | the jewel | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чалльм-сӯрмас | |
| sūrmas | 6.73 | the ring | 5. no evidence for borrowing | сӯрмас | |
| cuett’k | 6.75 | the necklace | 5. no evidence for borrowing | цуэттҍк | |
| čall’m | 6.76 | the bead | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чалльм | |
| riennh’k | 6.77 | the earring | 1. clearly borrowed | ре̄ӊӊьк |
hringr
(
North Germanic
)
|
| pier’ves’k | 6.78 | the headband or headdress | 1. clearly borrowed | пе̄рьвеськ |
perev’ázka
(
Russian
)
|
| noso-rɨbp’ex’ | 6.81 | the handkerchief or rag | 5. no evidence for borrowing | носо-рыбпехь | |
| oteral’nehk | 6.82 | the towel | 1. clearly borrowed | отеральнэһк |
oterál’nik
(
Russian
)
|
| čoagk’ | 6.91 | the comb | 2. probably borrowed | чоагкь | |
| čoagk’ | 6.92 | the brush | 2. probably borrowed | чоагкь | |
| koass’ | 6.921 | the plait/braid | 1. clearly borrowed | коассь | |
| vēcknedtem-nɨjjp | 6.93 | the razor | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вэ̄цкнэдтэм-ныййп | |
| moažant | 6.94 | the ointment | 2. probably borrowed | моажант | |
| mullh’t | 6.95 | the soap | 2. probably borrowed | муӆӆьт |
мыло (Russian)
(
Slavic
)
|
| zierkal | 6.96 | the mirror | 1. clearly borrowed | зе̄ркал | |
| sav’ex’ | 6.98 | the snowshoe | 5. no evidence for borrowing | савехь | |
| jēll’e | 7.11 | to live | 5. no evidence for borrowing | е̄лле | |
| pērrht | 7.12 | the house | 1. clearly borrowed | пэ̄ҏҏт | |
| kuedt’ | 7.13 | the hut | 2. probably borrowed | куэдтҍ | |
| dača | 7.131 | the garden-house | 1. clearly borrowed | дача | |
| čum | 7.14 | the tent | 1. clearly borrowed | чум | |
| koavas | 7.14 | the tent | 5. no evidence for borrowing | коавас | |
| kīnnt | 7.15 | the yard or court | 2. probably borrowed | кӣннт | |
| kūxn’a | 7.17 | the cookhouse | 1. clearly borrowed | кухня | |
| sōber-pērrht | 7.18 | the meeting house | 5. no evidence for borrowing | со̄бэр-пэ̄ҏҏт | |
| komnata | 7.21 | the room | 1. clearly borrowed | комната | |
| ukks | 7.22 | the door or gate | 2. probably borrowed | уккс |
uks (Estonian)
(
Fennic
)
|
| stuell’p | 7.221 | the doorpost | 1. clearly borrowed | стуэлльп | |
| lōhk | 7.23 | the lock | 1. clearly borrowed | ло̄һк | |
| lōhk | 7.231 | the latch or door-bolt | 1. clearly borrowed | ло̄һк | |
| lōhk | 7.232 | the padlock | 1. clearly borrowed | ло̄һк | |
| lōhk-čuevvt | 7.24 | the key | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ло̄һк-чуэввт | |
| ehkan | 7.25 | the window | 1. clearly borrowed | эһкан | |
| šall’t | 7.26 | the floor | 2. probably borrowed | шалльт | |
| stienn | 7.27 | the wall | 1. clearly borrowed | сте̄нн | |
| tāgk’ | 7.31 | the fireplace | 5. no evidence for borrowing | та̄гкь | |
| kɨvvkan | 7.32 | the stove | 2. probably borrowed | кыввкан | |
| riehpen’ | 7.33 | the chimney | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ре̄һпенҍ | |
| liestvec | 7.37 | the ladder | 1. clearly borrowed | лествец | |
| kroavaht | 7.42 | the bed | 1. clearly borrowed | кроаваһт | |
| pōdešk | 7.421 | the pillow | 1. clearly borrowed | по̄дэшк | |
| rānn | 7.422 | the blanket | 2. probably borrowed | ра̄нн | |
| stūla | 7.43 | the chair | 1. clearly borrowed | стӯла | |
| tuell’ | 7.44 | the table | 1. clearly borrowed | туэлль | |
| lammp | 7.45 | the lamp or torch | 1. clearly borrowed | ламмп | |
| tūvas | 7.46 | the candle | 5. no evidence for borrowing | тӯвас | |
| ɨll’te | 7.47 | the shelf | 2. probably borrowed | ылльтэ | |
| kārr’ | 7.48 | the trough | 1. clearly borrowed | ка̄ррь |
kar
(
North Germanic
)
|
| pērrht-ēll’а | 7.51 | the roof | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пэ̄ҏҏт-э̄лля | |
| ōllk | 7.55 | the beam | 5. no evidence for borrowing | о̄ллк | |
| stuell’p | 7.56 | the post or pole | 1. clearly borrowed | стуэлльп | |
| lūvv’t | 7.57 | the board | 2. probably borrowed | лӯввьт | |
| arka | 7.58 | the arch | 1. clearly borrowed | арка | |
| kam’enš’ik | 7.61 | the mason | 5. no evidence for borrowing | каменщик | |
| kīrpehč | 7.62 | the brick | 1. clearly borrowed | кӣрпэһч | |
| sɨjjt | 7.65 | the camp | 4. very little evidence for borrowing | сыййт | |
| kuess’te | 7.67 | to tan | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куэссьтэ | |
| līx’em’-pɨnnej | 8.11 | the farmer | 5. no evidence for borrowing | лӣхемь-пынней | |
| poal’a | 8.12 | the field | 1. clearly borrowed | поаля | |
| sād | 8.13 | the garden | 1. clearly borrowed | са̄д | |
| riad | 8.13 | the garden | 1. clearly borrowed | ряд | |
| jēm’n’et’ kuajjve | 8.15 | to cultivate | 5. no evidence for borrowing | е̄ммьнетҍ куаййвэ | |
| ājjt | 8.16 | the fence | 5. no evidence for borrowing | а̄ййт | |
| vuejj | 8.17 | the ditch | 1. clearly borrowed | вуэйй | |
| plūgk | 8.21 | to plough/plow | 1. clearly borrowed | плӯгк | |
| koabp’ | 8.212 | the furrow | 5. no evidence for borrowing | коабпь | |
| kurr | 8.212 | the furrow | 2. probably borrowed | курр | |
| kuajjve | 8.22 | to dig | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куаййвэ | |
| kuajjv | 8.23 | the spade | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куаййв | |
| kuajjv | 8.24 | the shovel | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куаййв | |
| motɨga | 8.25 | the hoe | 5. no evidence for borrowing | мотыга | |
| vilɨ | 8.26 | the fork(2)/pitchfork | 1. clearly borrowed | вилы | |
| grabl’a | 8.27 | the rake | 1. clearly borrowed | грабля |
grablí pl.
(
Russian
)
|
| leašškem-nurr’ | 8.29 | the lasso | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ля̄шшкэм-нуррь | |
| siejje | 8.31 | to sow | 1. clearly borrowed | сейе | |
| siem | 8.311 | the seed | 2. probably borrowed | се̄м | |
| kosse (2) | 8.32 | to mow | 1. clearly borrowed | коссэ | |
| kōss | 8.33 | the sickle or scythe | 1. clearly borrowed | ко̄сс | |
| tāgke | 8.34 | to thresh | 5. no evidence for borrowing | та̄гкэ | |
| jāvv siem tahkem pērrht | 8.35 | the threshing-floor | 5. no evidence for borrowing | я̄вв се̄м таһкэм-пэ̄ҏҏт | |
| šentnegk | 8.41 | the harvest | 5. no evidence for borrowing | шэнтнэгк | |
| čūhpem | 8.41 | the harvest | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чӯһпэм | |
| liejjp-sūjjn | 8.42 | the grain | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ле̄ййп-сӯййн | |
| šienn’ | 8.43 | the wheat | 1. clearly borrowed | ше̄ннҍ | |
| rōšš’ | 8.45 | the rye | 1. clearly borrowed | ро̄шшь | |
| kaura | 8.46 | the oats | 1. clearly borrowed | каура | |
| ovves’ | 8.46 | the oats | 1. clearly borrowed | оввесь | |
| kukurúza | 8.47 | the maize/corn | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кукуруза | |
| rīss | 8.48 | the rice | 1. clearly borrowed | рӣсс | |
| rāss’ | 8.51 | the grass | 1. clearly borrowed | ра̄ссь | |
| sūjjn | 8.52 | the hay | 2. probably borrowed | сӯййн | |
| rāss’ | 8.53 | the plant | 1. clearly borrowed | ра̄ссь | |
| pɨjje jēmm’nje | 8.531 | to plant | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пыйе е̄ммьнье | |
| vuen’tes’ | 8.54 | the root | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вуэнҍтэсь | |
| sūrr’ | 8.55 | the branch | 5. no evidence for borrowing | сӯррь | |
| vuekk’s | 8.55 | the branch | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вуэккьс | |
| lēsst | 8.56 | the leaf | 2. probably borrowed | лэ̄сст | |
| rāss’ | 8.57 | the flower | 1. clearly borrowed | ра̄ссь | |
| mūrr | 8.6 | the tree | 5. no evidence for borrowing | мӯрр | |
| čērr’-mūrr | 8.61 | the oak | 5. no evidence for borrowing | че̄ррь-мӯрр | |
| kīrr’e | 8.63 | the birch | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кӣрре | |
| pēss’-mūrr | 8.63 | the birch | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пе̄ссь-мӯрр | |
| suegk’ | 8.63 | the birch | 5. no evidence for borrowing | суэгкь | |
| pieʒ’ | 8.64 | the pine | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пе̄дзь | |
| kūss | 8.65 | the fir | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кӯсс | |
| vɨnn’-mūrr | 8.67 | the vine | 5. no evidence for borrowing | выннҍ-мӯрр | |
| tābex | 8.68 | the tobacco | 1. clearly borrowed | та̄бэх | |
| kūrre | 8.69 | to smoke | 1. clearly borrowed | кӯррэ | |
| trupke | 8.691 | the pipe | 1. clearly borrowed | трупкэ | |
| čūllt | 8.72 | the tree stump | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чӯллт | |
| suegk’ | 8.73 | the tree trunk | 5. no evidence for borrowing | суэгкь | |
| surr’-rɨsse | 8.74 | the forked branch | 5. no evidence for borrowing | суррь-рыссе | |
| pārrhk | 8.75 | the bark | 1. clearly borrowed | па̄ҏҏк |
bǫrkr
(
North Germanic
)
|
| kērr | 8.75 | the bark | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кэ̄рр | |
| pēss’ | 8.75 | the bark | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пе̄ссь | |
| sahp’ | 8.76 | the sap | 5. no evidence for borrowing | са̄һпь | |
| pal’ma | 8.81 | the palm tree | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пальма | |
| kokós | 8.82 | the coconut | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кокос | |
| ruččkes’ pāll | 8.83 | the citrus fruit | 5. no evidence for borrowing | руччкесь па̄лл | |
| banann | 8.84 | the banana | 1. clearly borrowed | бананн | |
| batát | 8.91 | the sweet potato | 5. no evidence for borrowing | батат | |
| šienn’ | 8.911 | the millet or sorghum | 1. clearly borrowed | ше̄ннҍ | |
| njāl’kes’ kartoške | 8.912 | the yam | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ня̄лькэсь картошкэ | |
| maniók | 8.92 | the cassava/manioc | 5. no evidence for borrowing | маниок | |
| tɨkva | 8.93 | the gourd | 1. clearly borrowed | тыква | |
| tɨkva | 8.931 | the pumpkin or squash | 1. clearly borrowed | тыква | |
| bambúk | 8.94 | the bamboo | 5. no evidence for borrowing | бамбук | |
| kūll’-sāhp’ | 8.96 | the fish poison | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кӯлль-са̄һпь | |
| čōgk-rāss’ | 8.97 | the nettle | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чо̄гк-ра̄ссь | |
| kūmpar | 8.98 | the mushroom | 2. probably borrowed | кӯмпар | |
| lēsst-mūrr | 8.991 | the larch | 5. no evidence for borrowing | лэ̄сст-мӯрр | |
| kuehcem’ | 8.993 | the needle(2) | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куэһцэмь | |
| pācck | 8.996 | the cone | 5. no evidence for borrowing | па̄ццк | |
| lɨhke | 9.11 | to do | 2. probably borrowed | лыһкэ | |
| lɨhke | 9.111 | to make | 2. probably borrowed | лыһкэ | |
| tujj | 9.12 | the work | 1. clearly borrowed | туйй | |
| sojhte | 9.14 | to bend | 5. no evidence for borrowing | соҋтэ | |
| moaʒte | 9.15 | to fold | 5. no evidence for borrowing | моадзтэ | |
| kōrre | 9.16 | to tie | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ко̄ррэ | |
| piess’te | 9.161 | to untie | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пе̄ссьтэ | |
| cīp | 9.18 | the chain | 1. clearly borrowed | цӣп | |
| nurr’ | 9.19 | the rope | 1. clearly borrowed | нӯррь |
snœri
(
North Germanic
)
|
| čūllm | 9.192 | the knot | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чӯллм | |
| vasste | 9.21 | to strike or hit or beat | 5. no evidence for borrowing | васстэ | |
| tāgke | 9.211 | to pound | 5. no evidence for borrowing | та̄гкэ | |
| čūhpe | 9.22 | to cut | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чӯһпэ | |
| vējje | 9.22 | to cut | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вэ̄йе | |
| uc’ne | 9.221 | to cut down | 5. no evidence for borrowing | уцьнэ | |
| tierrhpe | 9.222 | to chop | 5. no evidence for borrowing | те̄ҏҏпэ | |
| čōhke | 9.223 | to stab | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чо̄һкэ | |
| nɨjjp | 9.23 | the knife(2) | 1. clearly borrowed | ныййп | |
| rūvv’t | 9.24 | the scissors or shears | 2. probably borrowed | рӯввьт | |
| oakkše | 9.25 | the axe/ax | 1. clearly borrowed | оаккшэ |
øx
(
North Germanic
)
|
| vierre | 9.251 | the adze | 5. no evidence for borrowing | веррэ | |
| murr’te | 9.26 | to break | 5. no evidence for borrowing | муррьтэ | |
| puattke | 9.26 | to break | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пуатткэ | |
| murrtma | 9.261 | broken | 5. no evidence for borrowing | мурртма | |
| luenn’te | 9.27 | to split | 5. no evidence for borrowing | луэннҍтэ | |
| kɨšškе | 9.28 | to tear | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кышшкэ | |
| njūvvе | 9.29 | to skin | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ню̄ввэ | |
| jērre | 9.31 | to rub | 5. no evidence for borrowing | е̄ррэ | |
| jērre | 9.311 | to wipe | 5. no evidence for borrowing | е̄ррэ | |
| vēnne | 9.32 | to stretch | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вэ̄ннэ | |
| kiess’e | 9.33 | to pull | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ке̄ссе | |
| lievve | 9.34 | to spread out | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ле̄ввэ | |
| koaʒe | 9.341 | to hang up | 5. no evidence for borrowing | коадзэ | |
| paǯe | 9.342 | to press | 5. no evidence for borrowing | падже | |
| paǯe | 9.343 | to squeeze | 5. no evidence for borrowing | падже | |
| vālle | 9.35 | to pour | 1. clearly borrowed | ва̄ллэ | |
| pēsse | 9.36 | to wash | 2. probably borrowed | пэ̄ссэ | |
| poašše | 9.37 | to sweep | 5. no evidence for borrowing | поашшэ | |
| vāsst | 9.38 | the broom | 2. probably borrowed | ва̄сст | |
| instrum’ént | 9.422 | the tool | 5. no evidence for borrowing | инструмент |
instrumént
(
Russian
)
|
| plōtn’ehk | 9.43 | the carpenter | 1. clearly borrowed | пло̄тнеһк | |
| tūjjše | 9.44 | to build | 5. no evidence for borrowing | тӯййшэ | |
| pōgke | 9.46 | to bore | 5. no evidence for borrowing | по̄гкэ | |
| cievvne | 9.461 | to hollow out | 5. no evidence for borrowing | цеввнэ | |
| pɨla | 9.48 | the saw | 1. clearly borrowed | пыла | |
| sāgk | 9.48 | the saw | 1. clearly borrowed | са̄гк | |
| viež’ar | 9.49 | the hammer | 2. probably borrowed | ве̄жяр | |
| nāvv’l | 9.5 | the nail | 1. clearly borrowed | на̄ввьл |
nagli
(
North Germanic
)
|
| njаmm | 9.56 | the glue | 5. no evidence for borrowing | нямм | |
| rāvv’t | 9.6 | the blacksmith | 2. probably borrowed | ра̄ввьт | |
| tāgke | 9.61 | to forge | 5. no evidence for borrowing | та̄гкэ | |
| tāgkem-sājj | 9.62 | the anvil | 5. no evidence for borrowing | та̄гкэм-са̄йй | |
| vālle | 9.63 | to cast | 1. clearly borrowed | ва̄ллэ | |
| koall’ | 9.64 | the gold | 1. clearly borrowed | коалль |
goll
(
North Germanic
)
|
| sɨllp | 9.65 | the silver | 1. clearly borrowed | сыллп | |
| viešš’k | 9.66 | the copper | 2. probably borrowed | ве̄шшьк | |
| rūvv’t | 9.67 | the iron | 2. probably borrowed | рӯввьт | |
| vɨnn’c | 9.68 | the lead | 1. clearly borrowed | вынньц | |
| kārr’t | 9.69 | the tin or tinplate | 1. clearly borrowed | ка̄ррьт | |
| vierre | 9.72 | to mould/mold | 5. no evidence for borrowing | веррэ | |
| čujjv | 9.73 | the clay | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чуййв | |
| stiekle | 9.74 | the glass | 1. clearly borrowed | сте̄клэ | |
| pōnnje | 9.75 | to weave or plait/braid | 5. no evidence for borrowing | по̄нне | |
| kūšš’ | 9.76 | the basket | 2. probably borrowed | кӯшшь | |
| kōrreb | 9.76 | the basket | 1. clearly borrowed | ко̄ррэб | |
| šall’t-koahtess | 9.77 | the mat | 5. no evidence for borrowing | шалльт-коаһтесс | |
| stienn-koahtess | 9.771 | the rug | 5. no evidence for borrowing | сте̄нн-коаһтэсс | |
| sāhk | 9.78 | the netbag | 1. clearly borrowed | са̄һк | |
| pīŋŋk-possej | 9.79 | the fan | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пӣӈӈк-поссэй | |
| jēdte | 9.81 | to carve | 5. no evidence for borrowing | е̄дтэ | |
| jēdtej-kāvv’n | 9.84 | the chisel | 5. no evidence for borrowing | е̄дтэй-ка̄ввьн | |
| bumeraŋg | 9.87 | the boomerang | 5. no evidence for borrowing | бумераӈг | |
| poajjn | 9.88 | the paint | 5. no evidence for borrowing | поаййн | |
| poajjne | 9.89 | to paint | 2. probably borrowed | поаййнэ | |
| kuajjve čāz’ | 9.9 | to draw water | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куаййвэ ча̄зь | |
| nāvv’l | 9.91 | the peg | 1. clearly borrowed | на̄ввьл |
nagli
(
North Germanic
)
|
| toamčas | 9.93 | the whetstone | 5. no evidence for borrowing | тоамчас | |
| lɨgkne | 10.11 | to move | 5. no evidence for borrowing | лыгкнэ | |
| jorhttelle | 10.12 | to turn | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ёҏтътэллэ | |
| lievxe | 10.13 | to turn around | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ле̄вхэ | |
| kīsse | 10.14 | to wrap | 5. no evidence for borrowing | кӣссэ | |
| jorhtte | 10.15 | to roll | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ёҏтътэ | |
| jorhte | 10.16 | to drop | 5. no evidence for borrowing | ёҏтэ | |
| poanne | 10.17 | to twist | 5. no evidence for borrowing | поаннэ | |
| pējjne | 10.21 | to rise | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пэ̄ййнэ | |
| pajnedte | 10.21 | to rise | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пайнэдтэ | |
| pajnelle | 10.22 | to raise or lift | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пайнэллэ | |
| kēhče | 10.23 | to fall | 2. probably borrowed | кэ̄һче | |
| kuašške | 10.24 | to drip | 5. no evidence for borrowing | куашшкэ | |
| čacc’ke | 10.25 | to throw | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чаццькэ | |
| šɨll’e | 10.252 | to catch | 3. perhaps borrowed | шылле | |
| pušš’te | 10.26 | to shake | 5. no evidence for borrowing | пушшьтэ | |
| kōllke | 10.32 | to flow | 2. probably borrowed | ко̄ллкэ | |
| kēccke | 10.33 | to sink | 5. no evidence for borrowing | kэ̄ццкэ | |
| vūjje | 10.34 | to float | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вӯйе | |
| vūjje | 10.35 | to swim | 5. no evidence for borrowing | вӯйе | |
| čoaŋŋe | 10.351 | to dive | 5. no evidence for borrowing | чоаӈӈэ | |
| tuerrpe | 10.352 |