Bezhta Vocabulary

by Bernard Comrie & Madzhid Khalilov

The vocabulary contains 1473 meaning-word pairs from the recipient language Bezhta. The corresponding text chapter was published in the book Loanwords in the World's Languages. The language page Bezhta contains a list of all loanwords arranged by donor languoid.

Word LWT Code Meaning Borrowed Status Source Words
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Word

The word is given in the usual orthography or transcription, and in the usual citation form.

Click on a word to get even more information than is shown in this table.

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LWT Code

The Loanword Typology code is the identifier of the Loanword Typology meaning. Sorting by LWT Code sorts the words thematically by semantic field.

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Meaning

This column shows the labels of the Loanword Typology meanings. By clicking on a meaning label, you get more information about the meaning, as well as a list of all words that are counterparts of that meaning.

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Borrowed Status

There are five borrowed statuses, reflecting decreasing likelihood that the word is a loanword:

  1. clearly borrowed
  2. probably borrowed
  3. perhaps borrowed
  4. very little evidence for borrowing
  5. no evidence for borrowing
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Source Words

For (possible) loanwords, this column shows the words in the source languages that served as models.

dunnal 1.1 the world 1. clearly borrowed
< dunyā (Arabic )
raƛ’ 1.21 the land 1. clearly borrowed
ulka 1.21 the land 1. clearly borrowed
ulka (Avar )
< ülke (Turkic )
mizo 1.212 the soil 5. no evidence for borrowing
mäče 1.212 the soil 5. no evidence for borrowing
pax 1.213 the dust 5. no evidence for borrowing
got’ 1.213 the dust 5. no evidence for borrowing
tato 1.214 the mud 5. no evidence for borrowing
miso 1.215 the sand 5. no evidence for borrowing
mǟ 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing
bizo 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing
šed 1.222 the cliff or precipice 5. no evidence for borrowing
ät’iraƛ’ 1.23 the plain 1. clearly borrowed
ät’iɬi 1.23 the plain 1. clearly borrowed
ɬäräʔɬi 1.23 the plain 1. clearly borrowed
maydan 1.24 the valley 1. clearly borrowed
ko 1.24 the valley 5. no evidence for borrowing
č’ink’ilɬi 1.25 the island 1. clearly borrowed
kantinent 1.26 the mainland 1. clearly borrowed
räʔäl 1.27 the shore 1. clearly borrowed
cumri 1.27 the shore 5. no evidence for borrowing
onox 1.28 the cave 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬi 1.31 the water 5. no evidence for borrowing
raɬad 1.32 the sea 1. clearly borrowed
soyyā gäččo 1.322 calm 5. no evidence for borrowing
halagab 1.323 rough(2) 1. clearly borrowed
pöp 1.324 the foam 5. no evidence for borrowing
akean 1.329 the ocean 1. clearly borrowed
k’ā 1.33 the lake 5. no evidence for borrowing
soyya 1.35 the wave 5. no evidence for borrowing
ẽxe 1.36 the river or stream 5. no evidence for borrowing
xay 1.36 the river or stream 5. no evidence for borrowing
ẽxe k’äyƛöčäš mäče 1.362 the whirlpool 5. no evidence for borrowing
moh 1.37 the spring or well 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’ica 1.38 the swamp 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛišiyo 1.39 the waterfall 5. no evidence for borrowing
wan 1.41 the woods or forest 5. no evidence for borrowing
häžä 1.43 the wood 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’alo 1.44 the stone or rock 5. no evidence for borrowing
mäče laxƛōɬi 1.45 the earthquake 5. no evidence for borrowing
has 1.51 the sky 5. no evidence for borrowing
boq 1.52 the sun 5. no evidence for borrowing
boco 1.53 the moon 5. no evidence for borrowing
cã (1) 1.54 the star 5. no evidence for borrowing
kayƛoyo 1.55 the lightning 5. no evidence for borrowing
hasa qäƛeyoɬi 1.56 the thunder 5. no evidence for borrowing
kayƛoyo 1.57 the bolt of lightning 5. no evidence for borrowing
yuk’o zaƛo 1.58 the storm 5. no evidence for borrowing
mašola 1.59 the rainbow 3. perhaps borrowed
kanɬi 1.61 the light 1. clearly borrowed
koƛƛoɬi 1.62 the darkness 5. no evidence for borrowing
hidoci 1.63 the shade or shadow 5. no evidence for borrowing
xida 1.64 the dew 5. no evidence for borrowing
hawa 1.71 the air 2. probably borrowed
hawa (Avar )
hayri 1.71 the air 1. clearly borrowed
zaƛo 1.72 the wind 5. no evidence for borrowing
has 1.73 the cloud 5. no evidence for borrowing
has-mus 1.74 the fog 5. no evidence for borrowing
wodo 1.75 the rain 5. no evidence for borrowing
õz 1.76 the snow 5. no evidence for borrowing
bolo 1.77 the ice 5. no evidence for borrowing
milaže- 1.775 to freeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
wodo-boq 1.78 the weather 5. no evidence for borrowing
hawa-baq 1.78 the weather 1. clearly borrowed
c’o 1.81 the fire 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’oys mic 1.82 the flame 5. no evidence for borrowing
qo 1.83 the smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
got’ 1.83 the smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
müšö 1.831 the steam 5. no evidence for borrowing
tit 1.84 the ash 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣadri 1.841 the embers 1. clearly borrowed
-ek’el- 1.851 to burn(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ek’e- 1.852 to burn(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬišel- (1) 1.86 to light 5. no evidence for borrowing
-edl- 1.861 to extinguish 5. no evidence for borrowing
picka 1.87 the match 1. clearly borrowed
hudo 1.88 the firewood 5. no evidence for borrowing
hǟmö 1.89 the charcoal 5. no evidence for borrowing
suk’o 2.1 the person 5. no evidence for borrowing
ädäm 2.1 the person 1. clearly borrowed
insan 2.1 the person 1. clearly borrowed
insan (Avar )
< insān (Arabic )
abo 2.21 the man 5. no evidence for borrowing
suk’o 2.21 the man 5. no evidence for borrowing
iyo 2.22 the woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
aqo 2.22 the woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
aboddās 2.23 male(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
bikinab 2.23 male(1) 1. clearly borrowed
iyoddās 2.24 female(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’uyab 2.24 female(1) 1. clearly borrowed
öžö 2.25 the boy 5. no evidence for borrowing
ölöqän 2.251 the young man 1. clearly borrowed
kid 2.26 the girl 5. no evidence for borrowing
kid 2.261 the young woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’owa 2.27 the child(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
bet’erhan 2.31 the husband 1. clearly borrowed
nuzo 2.31 the husband 5. no evidence for borrowing
aqo 2.32 the wife 5. no evidence for borrowing
aq’o y-ẽƛe- 2.33 to marry 5. no evidence for borrowing
beyten 2.34 the wedding 1. clearly borrowed
atabākiyoɬi 2.341 the divorce 5. no evidence for borrowing
mahar kešeyoɬi 2.341 the divorce 5. no evidence for borrowing
abo 2.35 the father 5. no evidence for borrowing
iyo 2.36 the mother 5. no evidence for borrowing
iyo-abo 2.37 the parents 5. no evidence for borrowing
aqo y-õq’o-yo 2.38 the married man 5. no evidence for borrowing
aqo y-ẽƛe-yo 2.39 the married woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
öžö 2.41 the son 5. no evidence for borrowing
kid 2.42 the daughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’owa 2.43 the child(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
is 2.44 the brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
uq’o is 2.444 the older brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
it’ino is 2.445 the younger brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
isi 2.45 the sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
yuq’o isi 2.454 the older sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
it’ino isi 2.455 the younger sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’unƛella 2.458 the twins 5. no evidence for borrowing
icilo 2.461 the old man 5. no evidence for borrowing
icilo iyo 2.471 the old woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
is 2.51 the uncle 5. no evidence for borrowing
isi 2.52 the aunt 5. no evidence for borrowing
waccal 2.55 the cousin 1. clearly borrowed
yaccal 2.55 the cousin 1. clearly borrowed
umumal 2.56 the ancestors 1. clearly borrowed
naslo 2.57 the descendants 1. clearly borrowed
naslu (Avar )
< nasl (Arabic )
uq’o abo 2.61 the father-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
uq’o abo 2.611 the father-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
y-uq’o iyo 2.62 the mother-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
yuq’o iyo 2.621 the mother-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
dursa 2.63 the son-in-law (of a man) 1. clearly borrowed
durc (Avar )
dursa 2.631 the son-in-law (of a woman) 1. clearly borrowed
durc (Avar )
besdal abo 2.71 the stepfather 5. no evidence for borrowing
besdal iyo 2.72 the stepmother 5. no evidence for borrowing
besdal öžö 2.73 the stepson 5. no evidence for borrowing
besdal kid 2.74 the stepdaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
besdal 2.75 the orphan 1. clearly borrowed
qorolay 2.76 the widow 1. clearly borrowed
q’orolaw 2.77 the widower 1. clearly borrowed
ägärɬi 2.81 the relatives 1. clearly borrowed
qizan 2.82 the family 1. clearly borrowed
qizan (Avar )
do 2.91 I 5. no evidence for borrowing
mi 2.92 you (singular) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ile 2.94 we 5. no evidence for borrowing
miže 2.95 you (plural) 5. no evidence for borrowing
häymän 3.11 the animal 1. clearly borrowed
aboddās 3.12 male(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
bikinab 3.12 male(2) 1. clearly borrowed
iyoddās 3.13 female(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’uyab 3.13 female(2) 1. clearly borrowed
häymän-boc’i 3.15 the livestock 5. no evidence for borrowing
sakoneli 3.15 the livestock 1. clearly borrowed
hixo 3.16 the pasture 5. no evidence for borrowing
weka 3.18 the herdsman 1. clearly borrowed
häymän 3.2 the cattle 1. clearly borrowed
õs 3.21 the bull 5. no evidence for borrowing
waya 3.23 the cow 5. no evidence for borrowing
biše 3.24 the calf 5. no evidence for borrowing
biƛ’ 3.25 the sheep 5. no evidence for borrowing
xoy 3.26 the ram 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛile 3.29 the lamb 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’axe 3.32 the boar 1. clearly borrowed
buƛo 3.35 the pig 5. no evidence for borrowing
can 3.36 the goat 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’iga 3.37 the he-goat 5. no evidence for borrowing
čik’e 3.38 the kid 5. no evidence for borrowing
šügö 3.41 the horse 5. no evidence for borrowing
soyya 3.42 the stallion 5. no evidence for borrowing
ič’ey 3.45 the foal or colt 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔãʔũ 3.46 the donkey 5. no evidence for borrowing
xoyc’on 3.47 the mule 5. no evidence for borrowing
güdä-gedo 3.5 the fowl 5. no evidence for borrowing
mamali 3.52 the cock/rooster 1. clearly borrowed
güdä 3.54 the hen 5. no evidence for borrowing
bat’i 3.56 the goose 1. clearly borrowed
ixu 3.57 the duck 1. clearly borrowed
sĩ (1) 3.58 the nest 5. no evidence for borrowing
mihna 3.581 the bird 5. no evidence for borrowing
čayka 3.582 the seagull 1. clearly borrowed
cũha 3.584 the eagle 5. no evidence for borrowing
koydak’o 3.585 the hawk 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’orgiyan 3.586 the vulture 5. no evidence for borrowing
kündäy 3.591 the bat 5. no evidence for borrowing
papugay 3.592 the parrot 1. clearly borrowed
ɣade 3.593 the crow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ilba 3.594 the dove 5. no evidence for borrowing
ruz 3.596 the owl 1. clearly borrowed
ruz (Avar )
wo 3.61 the dog 5. no evidence for borrowing
korolik 3.614 the rabbit 1. clearly borrowed
gedo 3.62 the cat 3. perhaps borrowed
ãq’o 3.63 the mouse or rat 5. no evidence for borrowing
bisa 3.65 the fish 5. no evidence for borrowing
qal 3.653 the scale 1. clearly borrowed
qal (Avar )
akula 3.661 the shark 1. clearly borrowed
delfin 3.662 the porpoise or dolphin 1. clearly borrowed
kit 3.663 the whale 1. clearly borrowed
bac’o (1) 3.71 the wolf 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣalbac’ 3.72 the lion 1. clearly borrowed
sĩ (2) 3.73 the bear 5. no evidence for borrowing
sora 3.74 the fox 5. no evidence for borrowing
biɬo 3.75 the deer 5. no evidence for borrowing
maymalak 3.76 the monkey 1. clearly borrowed
pil 3.77 the elephant 1. clearly borrowed
pil (Avar )
< fil (Persian )
aklamo 3.78 the camel 1. clearly borrowed
warani 3.78 the camel 1. clearly borrowed
hüt’-qumur 3.81 the insect 1. clearly borrowed
naco 3.811 the head louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
naco 3.8112 the body louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’ima 3.812 the nit 5. no evidence for borrowing
č’ike 3.813 the flea 5. no evidence for borrowing
sorabet’e 3.814 the centipede 5. no evidence for borrowing
äq’äräb 3.815 the scorpion 1. clearly borrowed
tarakan 3.816 the cockroach 1. clearly borrowed
hũca 3.817 the ant 5. no evidence for borrowing
kalaɣas q’ī 3.818 the spider 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’imaq’o 3.819 the spider web 5. no evidence for borrowing
nucodaq t’ot’ 3.82 the bee 5. no evidence for borrowing
xȫᵑ 3.822 the beehive 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛordena 3.823 the wasp 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’ot’ 3.83 the fly 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’ūᵑ 3.831 the sandfly or midge or gnat 5. no evidence for borrowing
kälä 3.832 the mosquito 5. no evidence for borrowing
p’ip’it’i 3.835 the tick 5. no evidence for borrowing
bet’ela 3.84 the worm 5. no evidence for borrowing
bekela 3.85 the snake 5. no evidence for borrowing
qiyalat’o 3.863 the hare 5. no evidence for borrowing
wič’wič’o 3.865 the quail 5. no evidence for borrowing
ciq’i 3.869 the squirrel 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’ac’aka 3.91 the firefly 5. no evidence for borrowing
päpät’ö 3.92 the butterfly 5. no evidence for borrowing
xac’o 3.93 the grasshopper 5. no evidence for borrowing
böƛöqä 3.94 the snail 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛaplaɣe 3.95 the frog 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’emusa 3.96 the lizard 5. no evidence for borrowing
karakadil 3.97 the crocodile or alligator 1. clearly borrowed
ƛ’alis ƛaplaɣe 3.98 the turtle 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’arq’ala 4.11 the body 1. clearly borrowed
laga 4.11 the body 1. clearly borrowed
laga (Avar )
beš 4.12 the skin or hide 5. no evidence for borrowing
maɣo 4.13 the flesh 5. no evidence for borrowing
müč’ 4.14 the hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
kẽyã 4.14 the hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
bab 4.142 the beard 5. no evidence for borrowing
kẽyã 4.144 the body hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
peh 4.145 the pubic hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣiz 4.146 the dandruff 1. clearly borrowed
ɣiz (Avar )
hẽ 4.15 the blood 5. no evidence for borrowing
pi 4.151 the vein or artery 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛöᵑwä 4.16 the bone 5. no evidence for borrowing
šeblo 4.162 the rib 5. no evidence for borrowing
šelo 4.17 the horn 5. no evidence for borrowing
miɣ 4.18 the tail 5. no evidence for borrowing
miqā 4.19 the back 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’ado-miqā 4.191 the spine 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’ǟm 4.2 the head 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’oco 4.202 the skull 5. no evidence for borrowing
äᵑdä 4.203 the brain 5. no evidence for borrowing
mot’o 4.204 the face 5. no evidence for borrowing
mat’a 4.205 the forehead 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’aqa 4.207 the jaw 5. no evidence for borrowing
gogā 4.208 the cheek 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’ic’ina 4.209 the chin 5. no evidence for borrowing
häy 4.21 the eye 5. no evidence for borrowing
häq’üwä 4.212 the eyebrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
häyš ƛ’äq’e 4.213 the eyelid 5. no evidence for borrowing
häš c’ic’ 4.214 the eyelash 5. no evidence for borrowing
bäq’dä- 4.215 to blink 5. no evidence for borrowing
äᵑɣä 4.22 the ear 5. no evidence for borrowing
äᵑɣäläš kik 4.221 the earlobe 5. no evidence for borrowing
mǟ 4.23 the nose 5. no evidence for borrowing
xuc’mǟ 4.231 the nostril 5. no evidence for borrowing
xida 4.232 the nasal mucus 5. no evidence for borrowing
sik’o 4.24 the mouth 5. no evidence for borrowing
möƛ‘ö 4.241 the beak 5. no evidence for borrowing
poro 4.25 the lip 5. no evidence for borrowing
mic (1) 4.26 the tongue 5. no evidence for borrowing
sila 4.27 the tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’imac’ 4.271 the gums 5. no evidence for borrowing
hagna 4.272 the molar tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
boɬo 4.28 the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing
müɣättǟš q’äm 4.281 the nape of the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing
yis 4.29 the throat 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’eyo 4.3 the shoulder 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛärdämän 4.301 the shoulderblade 3. perhaps borrowed
q’eyas t’iyo 4.302 the collarbone 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’eyas ƛöᵑwä 4.302 the collarbone 5. no evidence for borrowing
bico 4.31 the arm 5. no evidence for borrowing
nuqulco mäče 4.312 the armpit 5. no evidence for borrowing
hāyo 4.32 the elbow 5. no evidence for borrowing
kō 4.33 the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
qat 4.331 the palm of the hand 1. clearly borrowed
qat (Avar )
q’iden 4.331 the palm of the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
zoƛ’o 4.34 the finger 5. no evidence for borrowing
buq’o zaƛ’o 4.342 the thumb 5. no evidence for borrowing
miƛo 4.344 the fingernail 5. no evidence for borrowing
miƛo 4.345 the claw 5. no evidence for borrowing
xäbä 4.35 the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing
yiɣla 4.351 the thigh 5. no evidence for borrowing
kim 4.352 the calf of the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing
ãga 4.36 the knee 5. no evidence for borrowing
halo 4.37 the foot 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’ätälö 4.371 the ankle 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’im 4.372 the heel 5. no evidence for borrowing
daɣi 4.374 the footprint 1. clearly borrowed
zoƛ’o 4.38 the toe 5. no evidence for borrowing
habo 4.392 the wing 5. no evidence for borrowing
mäč’ä 4.393 the feather 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣäde 4.4 the chest 5. no evidence for borrowing
nene 4.41 the breast 5. no evidence for borrowing
hũƛ’ 4.412 the nipple or teat 5. no evidence for borrowing
cot’ā 4.43 the navel 5. no evidence for borrowing
yak’o 4.44 the heart 5. no evidence for borrowing
piyt’i 4.441 the lung 1. clearly borrowed
šebo 4.45 the liver 5. no evidence for borrowing
koma 4.451 the kidney 5. no evidence for borrowing
bac’o (2) 4.452 the spleen 5. no evidence for borrowing
ãx 4.46 the stomach 5. no evidence for borrowing
baƛa 4.461 the intestines or guts 5. no evidence for borrowing
cot’iʔis mäče 4.462 the waist 5. no evidence for borrowing
č’amal 4.463 the hip 5. no evidence for borrowing
kot’a 4.464 the buttocks 5. no evidence for borrowing
xila 4.465 the sinew or tendon 5. no evidence for borrowing
sĩ (3) 4.47 the womb 5. no evidence for borrowing
xok’ā 4.49 the testicles 5. no evidence for borrowing
daƛ’ 4.492 the penis 5. no evidence for borrowing
müšö baɣ- 4.51 to breathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
hähda- 4.52 to yawn 5. no evidence for borrowing
hik’da- 4.521 to hiccough 5. no evidence for borrowing
öhdä- 4.53 to cough 5. no evidence for borrowing
hicda- 4.54 to sneeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
hadic’- 4.55 to perspire 5. no evidence for borrowing
tüwä- 4.56 to spit 5. no evidence for borrowing
bekik’da- 4.57 to vomit 5. no evidence for borrowing
sila gul- 4.58 to bite 5. no evidence for borrowing
-äᵑč- 4.59 to lick 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’ica guw- 4.591 to dribble 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ut’- 4.61 to sleep 5. no evidence for borrowing
xöwǟ- 4.612 to snore 5. no evidence for borrowing
maƛo yega- 4.62 to dream 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬüʔ-ƛ- 4.63 to wake up 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛẽya- 4.64 to fart 5. no evidence for borrowing
cimala- 4.65 to piss 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔäᵑʔäᵑla- 4.66 to shit 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ẽk’- 4.67 to have sex 5. no evidence for borrowing
zizida- 4.68 to shiver 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’iq’ida- 4.68 to shiver 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬiyac’- 4.69 to bathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ow- 4.71 to beget 5. no evidence for borrowing
-aq- (1) 4.72 to be born 5. no evidence for borrowing
õx gähiyo 4.73 pregnant 5. no evidence for borrowing
õx gähiyo yaq- 4.732 to conceive 5. no evidence for borrowing
ömrö b-ow- 4.74 to be alive 5. no evidence for borrowing
ömrö 4.741 the life 1. clearly borrowed
< ʕumr (Arabic )
-uɣ- 4.75 to die 5. no evidence for borrowing
-uɣoyo 4.7501 dead 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣanq’izi -owo- 4.751 to drown 1. clearly borrowed
-iƛ- 4.76 to kill 5. no evidence for borrowing
žanaza 4.77 the corpse 1. clearly borrowed
-iqol- 4.78 to bury 5. no evidence for borrowing
šünä 4.79 the grave 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’uwatab 4.81 strong 1. clearly borrowed
zaipab 4.82 weak 1. clearly borrowed
töbǟ 4.82 weak 5. no evidence for borrowing
saɣab 4.83 healthy 1. clearly borrowed
< saɣ (Turkic )
k’ok’oyo 4.84 sick/ill 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’oɬiyo ek’eyoɬi 4.841 the fever 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣaɣ 4.842 the goitre/goiter 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣeya-q’ämis 4.843 the cold 5. no evidence for borrowing
unti 4.844 the disease 1. clearly borrowed
unti (Avar )
k’ok’ōɬi 4.844 the disease 5. no evidence for borrowing
läq 4.85 the wound or sore 5. no evidence for borrowing
dažiza 4.852 the bruise 2. probably borrowed
õxo 4.853 the swelling 5. no evidence for borrowing
xosdāɬi 4.854 the itch 5. no evidence for borrowing
xosƛo- 4.8541 to scratch 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬīs momola 4.855 the blister 5. no evidence for borrowing
hũk’ā 4.856 the boil 5. no evidence for borrowing
žöž 4.857 the pus 5. no evidence for borrowing
äᵑž 4.858 the scar 5. no evidence for borrowing
saɣ -aql- 4.86 to cure 5. no evidence for borrowing
saɣ -ow- 4.86 to cure 5. no evidence for borrowing
toxtur 4.87 the physician 1. clearly borrowed
warač 4.87 the physician 1. clearly borrowed
daru 4.88 the medicine 1. clearly borrowed
daru (Avar )
< dãru (Persian )
darman 4.88 the medicine 1. clearly borrowed
zahru 4.89 the poison 1. clearly borrowed
zahru (Avar )
< zahr (Persian )
tabaɬiyo 4.91 tired 5. no evidence for borrowing
läƛ’ -ẽƛ’eyo 4.91 tired 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ut’--äɣiʔ- 4.912 to rest 5. no evidence for borrowing
rähät bökči- 4.912 to rest 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’aʔab 4.92 lazy 2. probably borrowed
k’ähälab 4.92 lazy 1. clearly borrowed
ciɣoyo 4.92 lazy 5. no evidence for borrowing
p’äp’älö 4.93 bald 5. no evidence for borrowing
läqdä- 4.94 lame 5. no evidence for borrowing
inq’ab 4.95 deaf 1. clearly borrowed
äᵑɣäläƛ’ä -iƛā 4.95 deaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
yäže gäččö 4.96 mute 5. no evidence for borrowing
bocdiyo 4.97 blind 5. no evidence for borrowing
xuwā 4.98 drunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
šät’t’ö 4.99 naked 5. no evidence for borrowing
-es- 5.11 to eat 5. no evidence for borrowing
ken 5.12 the food 1. clearly borrowed
kwen (Avar )
heleyo 5.121 cooked 5. no evidence for borrowing
hät’t’ö (2) 5.122 raw 5. no evidence for borrowing
-iq’oyo 5.123 ripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
-iq’eʔeš 5.124 unripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’oq’oyo 5.125 rotten 5. no evidence for borrowing
cocilo 5.125 rotten 5. no evidence for borrowing
xuƛo 5.13 to drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
nuko- 5.14 to be hungry 5. no evidence for borrowing
nukōɬi 5.141 the famine 5. no evidence for borrowing
xuƛaq’o- 5.15 to be thirsty 5. no evidence for borrowing
xaɣo- 5.16 to suck 5. no evidence for borrowing
coƛƛo- 5.16 to suck 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬiɬ- 5.18 to chew 5. no evidence for borrowing
-äᵑčiic’l- 5.181 to swallow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛüxö- 5.19 to choke 5. no evidence for borrowing
hele- 5.21 to cook 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣayƛo- 5.22 to boil 5. no evidence for borrowing
ziza- 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing
ziza- 5.24 to bake 5. no evidence for borrowing
peč 5.25 the oven 1. clearly borrowed
qazan 5.26 the pot 1. clearly borrowed
qazan (Avar )
< qazan (Turkic )
katilok 5.26 the pot 1. clearly borrowed
čaynik’ 5.27 the kettle 1. clearly borrowed
čäydär 5.27 the kettle 1. clearly borrowed
šag 5.28 the pan 5. no evidence for borrowing
bogoƛ 5.31 the dish 5. no evidence for borrowing
xät’ä 5.32 the plate 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’abak’o 5.33 the bowl 1. clearly borrowed
küdäy 5.34 the jug/pitcher 1. clearly borrowed
it’ino xät’ä 5.36 the saucer 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’obzi 5.37 the spoon 1. clearly borrowed
ket’e 5.37 the spoon 1. clearly borrowed
c’it’ 5.38 the knife(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
sino 5.39 the fork 5. no evidence for borrowing
xac’o 5.391 the tongs 5. no evidence for borrowing
kalbatun 5.391 the tongs 1. clearly borrowed
bešiyoɬi 5.41 the meal 5. no evidence for borrowing
xisƛ’as bešiyoɬi 5.42 the breakfast 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛobaƛ’as bešiyoɬi 5.43 the lunch 5. no evidence for borrowing
nišeš bešiyoɬi 5.44 the dinner 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ice- 5.46 to peel 5. no evidence for borrowing
isiʔ- 5.47 to sieve or to strain 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’uco- 5.47 to sieve or to strain 5. no evidence for borrowing
xarƛol- 5.48 to scrape 5. no evidence for borrowing
laxƛol- 5.49 to stir or to mix 5. no evidence for borrowing
bäbä 5.51 the bread 1. clearly borrowed
yöᵑtö 5.53 the dough 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ocl- 5.54 to knead 5. no evidence for borrowing
hät’t’ö (1) 5.55 the flour 5. no evidence for borrowing
nüšök’- 5.56 to crush or to grind 5. no evidence for borrowing
haboy 5.57 the mill 5. no evidence for borrowing
coboxna 5.58 the mortar(1) 4. very little evidence for borrowing
gendura 5.59 the pestle 4. very little evidence for borrowing
xo 5.61 the meat 5. no evidence for borrowing
baƛa 5.63 the sausage 5. no evidence for borrowing
änƛ’e 5.63 the sausage 5. no evidence for borrowing
šorpa 5.64 the soup 1. clearly borrowed
näži-xaɣu 5.65 the vegetables 5. no evidence for borrowing
holo 5.66 the bean 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’artupeli 5.7 the potato 1. clearly borrowed
piq 5.71 the fruit 1. clearly borrowed
piq (Avar )
č’ap’ 5.712 the bunch 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’odo 5.76 the grape 5. no evidence for borrowing
heƛe 5.77 the nut 5. no evidence for borrowing
zeti 5.79 the oil 1. clearly borrowed
coco 5.791 the grease or fat 5. no evidence for borrowing
cã (2) 5.81 the salt 5. no evidence for borrowing
p’ilp’il 5.82 the pepper 1. clearly borrowed
istiʔoƛ 5.821 the chili pepper 1. clearly borrowed
c’ic’ak’a 5.821 the chili pepper 1. clearly borrowed
nuco 5.84 the honey 5. no evidence for borrowing
čakar 5.85 the sugar 1. clearly borrowed
hĩ 5.86 the milk 5. no evidence for borrowing
täƛe- 5.87 to milk 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’ima 5.88 the cheese 5. no evidence for borrowing
toto 5.89 the butter 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬi 5.9 the drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣino 5.92 the wine 1. clearly borrowed
piwo 5.93 the beer 1. clearly borrowed
č’aɣa 5.94 the fermented drink 1. clearly borrowed
c’emuc’ 5.97 the egg 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’uddo c’emuc’ 5.971 the yolk 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬic’e- 6.11 to put on 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬic’o 6.12 the clothing or clothes 5. no evidence for borrowing
-äᵑqelagi 6.13 the tailor 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣeč’i 6.21 the cloth 5. no evidence for borrowing
šal 6.22 the wool 1. clearly borrowed
šal (Avar )
< šāl (Persian )
ɬūᵑs ɣeč’i 6.22 the wool 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’ilo 6.23 the linen 1. clearly borrowed
bamba 6.24 the cotton 1. clearly borrowed
< pambe (Persian )
däräy 6.25 the silk 1. clearly borrowed
daray (Avar )
kiz 6.27 the felt 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’ī 6.27 the felt 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬüᵑ 6.28 the fur 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣäše 6.29 the leather 5. no evidence for borrowing
yöxöš yow- 6.31 to spin 5. no evidence for borrowing
ãq’ 6.32 the spindle 5. no evidence for borrowing
därɣi 6.34 the loom 3. perhaps borrowed
maq’o (2) 6.34 the loom 5. no evidence for borrowing
-äᵑqe- 6.35 to sew 5. no evidence for borrowing
näp’či 6.36 the needle(1) 2. probably borrowed
emo 6.37 the awl 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’ihmat 6.38 the thread 5. no evidence for borrowing
tüšöl- 6.39 to dye 5. no evidence for borrowing
palaš 6.41 the cloak 1. clearly borrowed
kunta 6.42 the (woman's) dress 5. no evidence for borrowing
p’alt’o 6.43 the coat 1. clearly borrowed
muxun 6.44 the shirt 5. no evidence for borrowing
boɬo 6.45 the collar 5. no evidence for borrowing
yupka 6.46 the skirt 1. clearly borrowed
xiƛo 6.48 the trousers 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’inda 6.49 the sock or stocking 1. clearly borrowed
naski 6.49 the sock or stocking 1. clearly borrowed
halaɬco 6.51 the shoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
batink’a 6.52 the boot 1. clearly borrowed
halaɬcolāq 6.54 the shoemaker 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’aq’alo 6.55 the hat or cap 5. no evidence for borrowing
tic’iyo 6.57 the belt 5. no evidence for borrowing
kosa 6.58 the glove 5. no evidence for borrowing
kisa 6.61 the pocket 1. clearly borrowed
kisa (Avar )
< kīs (Arabic )
t’uruci 6.62 the button 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’irk’ošk’a 6.63 the pin 5. no evidence for borrowing
naq’iš 6.71 the ornament or adornment 1. clearly borrowed
< naqš (Arabic )
k’iso 6.71 the ornament or adornment 5. no evidence for borrowing
č’ühi 6.71 the ornament or adornment 1. clearly borrowed
žawhar 6.72 the jewel 1. clearly borrowed
< jawhar (Arabic )
yaq’ut 6.72 the jewel 1. clearly borrowed
k’öyyä 6.73 the ring 5. no evidence for borrowing
äᵑgä 6.74 the bracelet 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣalɣači 6.75 the necklace 5. no evidence for borrowing
kakamadi 6.75 the necklace 5. no evidence for borrowing
aboc 6.76 the bead 5. no evidence for borrowing
äᵑɣäläɬčö 6.77 the earring 5. no evidence for borrowing
xidalaƛko čürɣän 6.81 the handkerchief or rag 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’ilo 6.82 the towel 1. clearly borrowed
palatenca 6.82 the towel 1. clearly borrowed
heƛo 6.91 the comb 5. no evidence for borrowing
šotka 6.92 the brush 1. clearly borrowed
miɣlat’o 6.921 the plait/braid 5. no evidence for borrowing
babliƛ’ako c’it’ 6.93 the razor 5. no evidence for borrowing
mazi 6.94 the ointment 1. clearly borrowed
sap’uni 6.95 the soap 1. clearly borrowed
c’ika 6.96 the mirror 2. probably borrowed
ömrö b-ow- 7.11 to live 5. no evidence for borrowing
biƛo 7.12 the house 5. no evidence for borrowing
koxi 7.13 the hut 1. clearly borrowed
it’ino biƛo 7.131 the garden-house 5. no evidence for borrowing
čadir 7.14 the tent 1. clearly borrowed
bež 7.15 the yard or court 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuxna 7.17 the cookhouse 1. clearly borrowed
mažlislis biƛo 7.18 the meeting house 5. no evidence for borrowing
biƛo 7.21 the room 5. no evidence for borrowing
otaxi 7.21 the room 1. clearly borrowed
ãc (1) 7.22 the door or gate 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaw 7.22 the door or gate 1. clearly borrowed
kaw (Avar )
< kapu (Turkic )
rähäy 7.23 the lock 1. clearly borrowed
zat’uri 7.231 the latch or door-bolt 1. clearly borrowed
yiga 7.24 the key 5. no evidence for borrowing
žüɣ 7.25 the window 5. no evidence for borrowing
müžö 7.26 the floor 5. no evidence for borrowing
pol 7.26 the floor 1. clearly borrowed
yõso 7.27 the wall 5. no evidence for borrowing
axa-c’o 7.31 the fireplace 5. no evidence for borrowing
peč 7.32 the stove 1. clearly borrowed
buxari 7.33 the chimney 1. clearly borrowed
k’ado 7.37 the ladder 5. no evidence for borrowing
karawat 7.42 the bed 1. clearly borrowed
sast’uli 7.421 the pillow 1. clearly borrowed
yorɣan 7.422 the blanket 1. clearly borrowed
adiyal 7.422 the blanket 1. clearly borrowed
q’ō 7.43 the chair 5. no evidence for borrowing
ist’oli 7.44 the table 1. clearly borrowed
< stol (Russian )
lampa 7.45 the lamp or torch 1. clearly borrowed
panar 7.45 the lamp or torch 1. clearly borrowed
santeli 7.46 the candle 1. clearly borrowed
ãco 7.47 the shelf 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’amo 7.51 the roof 5. no evidence for borrowing
čälǟš ƛ’amo 7.52 the thatch 5. no evidence for borrowing
meta 7.53 the ridgepole 5. no evidence for borrowing
istapil 7.54 the rafter 1. clearly borrowed
k’awi 7.54 the rafter 1. clearly borrowed
q’äč’ä 7.55 the beam 5. no evidence for borrowing
yĩza 7.55 the beam 5. no evidence for borrowing
hem 7.56 the post or pole 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’olba 7.56 the post or pole 1. clearly borrowed
< stolb (Russian )
ƛ’oƛ’ƛ’o 7.57 the board 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’amur 7.58 the arch 1. clearly borrowed
yõsoqan 7.61 the mason 5. no evidence for borrowing
aguri 7.62 the brick 1. clearly borrowed
aguri (Avar )
kirpič 7.62 the brick 1. clearly borrowed
kiraz 7.63 the mortar(2) 1. clearly borrowed
permer 8.11 the farmer 1. clearly borrowed
mäče 8.12 the field 5. no evidence for borrowing
baɣi 8.13 the garden 1. clearly borrowed
< baɣ (Turkic )
boƛo- 8.15 to cultivate 5. no evidence for borrowing
kalo 8.16 the fence 5. no evidence for borrowing
kanaw 8.17 the ditch 1. clearly borrowed
yühi 8.17 the ditch 5. no evidence for borrowing
boƛo- 8.21 to plough/plow 5. no evidence for borrowing
boƛoʔos 8.212 the furrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
čäxrö 8.212 the furrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
-äq- 8.22 to dig 5. no evidence for borrowing
äkö 8.23 the spade 5. no evidence for borrowing
it’ino äkö 8.24 the shovel 5. no evidence for borrowing
toqi 8.25 the hoe 1. clearly borrowed
boza 8.25 the hoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
sino 8.26 the fork(2)/pitchfork 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛaxmadi 8.27 the rake 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ĩze- 8.31 to sow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ĩzo 8.311 the seed 5. no evidence for borrowing
-aɣoɣ- 8.32 to mow 5. no evidence for borrowing
yöxič’ 8.33 the sickle or scythe 5. no evidence for borrowing
xaračin 8.33 the sickle or scythe 1. clearly borrowed
yal yol- 8.34 to thresh 5. no evidence for borrowing
ãc (2) 8.35 the threshing-floor 5. no evidence for borrowing
müq’ö-box 8.41 the harvest 5. no evidence for borrowing
müq’ö 8.42 the grain 5. no evidence for borrowing
qibo 8.43 the wheat 5. no evidence for borrowing
õx 8.44 the barley 5. no evidence for borrowing
hiz 8.45 the rye 5. no evidence for borrowing
č’öq’in 8.45 the rye 5. no evidence for borrowing
suz 8.46 the oats 5. no evidence for borrowing
simindi 8.47 the maize/corn 1. clearly borrowed
birinži 8.48 the rice 1. clearly borrowed
box 8.51 the grass 5. no evidence for borrowing
box 8.52 the hay 5. no evidence for borrowing
box 8.53 the plant 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ĩze- 8.531 to plant 5. no evidence for borrowing
xemux 8.54 the root 5. no evidence for borrowing
äle 8.55 the branch 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛibo 8.56 the leaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
diʔi 8.57 the flower 5. no evidence for borrowing
xöxö 8.6 the tree 5. no evidence for borrowing
niɣe 8.61 the oak 5. no evidence for borrowing
pipe 8.62 the beech 5. no evidence for borrowing
miye 8.63 the birch 5. no evidence for borrowing
niqeš xöxö 8.64 the pine 5. no evidence for borrowing
niɣe 8.66 the acorn 5. no evidence for borrowing
xewani 8.67 the vine 1. clearly borrowed
tammako 8.68 the tobacco 1. clearly borrowed
-öƛ- 8.69 to smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
müštük’ 8.691 the pipe 1. clearly borrowed
zude 8.72 the tree stump 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’uƛƛo 8.74 the forked branch 5. no evidence for borrowing
beš 8.75 the bark 5. no evidence for borrowing
yicalo 8.75 the bark 5. no evidence for borrowing
qal 8.75 the bark 1. clearly borrowed
qal (Avar )
ɬi 8.76 the sap 5. no evidence for borrowing
banan 8.84 the banana 1. clearly borrowed
leɣi 8.85 the banyan 1. clearly borrowed
t’ugo 8.911 the millet or sorghum 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’abax 8.931 the pumpkin or squash 1. clearly borrowed
qabaq (Avar )
< qabaq (Turkic )
mic (2) 8.97 the nettle 5. no evidence for borrowing
zok’o 8.98 the mushroom 1. clearly borrowed
q’art’a 8.996 the cone 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ow- 9.11 to do 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ow- 9.111 to make 5. no evidence for borrowing
hält’i 9.12 the work 1. clearly borrowed
-üq’- 9.14 to bend 5. no evidence for borrowing
-õso- 9.15 to fold 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ĩco- 9.16 to tie 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ãk- 9.161 to untie 5. no evidence for borrowing
raxas 9.18 the chain 1. clearly borrowed
raxas (Avar )
räč’ö 9.18 the chain 2. probably borrowed
k’ihmat 9.19 the rope 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’ic 9.192 the knot 5. no evidence for borrowing
-äƛ’el- 9.21 to strike or hit or beat 5. no evidence for borrowing
zuk’- 9.21 to strike or hit or beat 5. no evidence for borrowing
-üč’- 9.22 to cut 5. no evidence for borrowing
-üč’- 9.222 to chop 5. no evidence for borrowing
xäƛe- 9.223 to stab 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’it’ 9.23 the knife(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
yüč’dänä 9.24 the scissors or shears 5. no evidence for borrowing
õg 9.25 the axe/ax 5. no evidence for borrowing
-išel- 9.26 to break 5. no evidence for borrowing
-išeyo 9.261 broken 5. no evidence for borrowing
-išel- 9.27 to split 5. no evidence for borrowing
-äxel- 9.28 to tear 5. no evidence for borrowing
beš baɣo- 9.29 to skin 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’uq’o- 9.31 to rub 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’isa- 9.32 to stretch 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’isa- 9.33 to pull 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’ibit’izi -ow- 9.34 to spread out 1. clearly borrowed
-oxol- 9.341 to hang up 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’azi -ow- 9.342 to press 1. clearly borrowed
t’uco- 9.343 to squeeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
git’- 9.35 to pour 5. no evidence for borrowing
niza- 9.36 to wash 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬäƛo- 9.37 to sweep 5. no evidence for borrowing
müš 9.38 the broom 5. no evidence for borrowing
alat 9.422 the tool 1. clearly borrowed
alat (Avar )
wanas ustar 9.43 the carpenter 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ow- 9.44 to build 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ähk’- 9.46 to bore 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ähk’- 9.461 to hollow out 5. no evidence for borrowing
xoyɣo 9.48 the saw 2. probably borrowed
t’öʔä 9.49 the hammer 5. no evidence for borrowing
muq’o 9.5 the nail 5. no evidence for borrowing
keley 9.56 the glue 1. clearly borrowed
q’ebed 9.6 the blacksmith 1. clearly borrowed
q’ō 9.62 the anvil 5. no evidence for borrowing
mesed 9.64 the gold 1. clearly borrowed
mesed (Avar )
okko 9.65 the silver 1. clearly borrowed
yez 9.66 the copper 1. clearly borrowed
rez (Avar )
< yez (Turkic )
mazgar 9.66 the copper 3. perhaps borrowed
kil 9.67 the iron 5. no evidence for borrowing
kobo 9.68 the lead 5. no evidence for borrowing
mizo 9.73 the clay 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’ika 9.74 the glass 2. probably borrowed
ked 9.76 the basket 5. no evidence for borrowing
bek’e 9.771 the rug 5. no evidence for borrowing
sumka 9.78 the netbag 1. clearly borrowed
haboy 9.79 the fan 5. no evidence for borrowing
zaƛo yow- 9.791 to fan 5. no evidence for borrowing
muq’ 9.84 the chisel 5. no evidence for borrowing
karaska 9.88 the paint 1. clearly borrowed
tüšöl- 9.89 to paint 5. no evidence for borrowing
čarx 9.93 the whetstone 1. clearly borrowed
čarx (Avar )
baɣarzi -ow- 10.11 to move 1. clearly borrowed
k’äy -üᵑxöl- 10.12 to turn 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’äy -üᵑxö- 10.13 to turn around 5. no evidence for borrowing
šöšö- 10.14 to wrap 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’äyƛöl- 10.15 to roll 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’äyƛöl- 10.17 to twist 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoʔoƛ’ak- 10.21 to rise 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’oddāk- 10.21 to rise 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoʔoƛ’ak’- 10.22 to raise or lift 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’oddāk’- 10.22 to raise or lift 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ek- 10.23 to fall 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’ut’- 10.25 to throw 5. no evidence for borrowing
-iƛ’e- 10.25 to throw 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ox- 10.252 to catch 5. no evidence for borrowing
zurqurzi -ow- 10.26 to shake 1. clearly borrowed
ɣirƛol- 10.26 to shake 5. no evidence for borrowing
zuk’-zak’- 10.26 to shake 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣanq’izi -aq- 10.33 to sink 1. clearly borrowed
ẽxe yaɣo- 10.34 to float 5. no evidence for borrowing
ẽxeƛ’alƛ’ā -ẽƛ’e- 10.35 to swim 5. no evidence for borrowing
ẽxeʔ -ogic’- 10.351 to dive 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’äč -ẽƛ’e- 10.351 to dive 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’äčäri -ečel- 10.352 to splash 5. no evidence for borrowing
hawalƛ’a -ogic’ 10.37 to fly 5. no evidence for borrowing
püƛö- 10.38 to blow 5. no evidence for borrowing
-aɣola- 10.41 to crawl 5. no evidence for borrowing
micnāƛ’a -ece- 10.412 to kneel 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣuɣluƛ’a -ece- 10.413 to crouch 5. no evidence for borrowing
xix t’ot’o- 10.42 to slide or slip 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ogic’- 10.43 to jump 5. no evidence for borrowing
xäbä -äƛ’el- 10.431 to kick 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬiso yow- 10.44 to dance 5. no evidence for borrowing
läqdä- 10.451 to limp 5. no evidence for borrowing
č’anaɣo- 10.46 to run 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ẽƛ’e- 10.47 to go 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’oddã -ẽƛ’e- 10.471 to go up 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’oddã -aɣol- 10.472 to climb 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛiyodā -ẽƛ’e- 10.473 to go down 5. no evidence for borrowing
gisak- 10.474 to go out 5. no evidence for borrowing
-õq”o- 10.48 to come 5. no evidence for borrowing
gow- 10.48 to come 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’ǟ gow- 10.481 to come back 5. no evidence for borrowing
-öčö- 10.49 to leave 5. no evidence for borrowing
-oʔ- 10.491 to disappear 5. no evidence for borrowing
pixi yaɣo- 10.51 to flee 5. no evidence for borrowing
müɣäƛ -ẽƛ’e- 10.52 to follow 5. no evidence for borrowing
müɣäƛ -ece- 10.53 to pursue 5. no evidence for borrowing
-õq’o- 10.55 to arrive 5. no evidence for borrowing
hicak- 10.56 to approach 5. no evidence for borrowing
ẽdok- 10.57 to enter 5. no evidence for borrowing
-eze- 10.61 to carry 5. no evidence for borrowing
-aq- (1) 10.62 to bring 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ẽye- 10.63 to send 5. no evidence for borrowing
-eze- 10.64 to lead 5. no evidence for borrowing
zis toql- 10.67 to push 5. no evidence for borrowing
hino 10.71 the road 5. no evidence for borrowing
bilik’i 10.72 the path 1. clearly borrowed
t’iyo 10.74 the bridge 5. no evidence for borrowing
urumi 10.75 the cart or wagon 1. clearly borrowed
örrä 10.76 the wheel 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’obala 10.77 the axle 1. clearly borrowed
yuƛ’o 10.78 the yoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
kox 10.79 the sledge/sled 5. no evidence for borrowing
gama 10.81 the ship 1. clearly borrowed
gama (Avar )
< gami (Turkic )
nawi 10.83 the boat 1. clearly borrowed
äkö 10.85 the oar 5. no evidence for borrowing
äkö 10.851 the paddle 5. no evidence for borrowing
rul 10.86 the rudder 1. clearly borrowed
port 10.91 the port 1. clearly borrowed
räʔälliƛ’a -ečel- 10.92 to land 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ökči- 11.13 to take 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ox- 11.14 to grasp 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ox- 11.15 to hold 5. no evidence for borrowing
-īqo- 11.16 to get 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’umi -ow- 11.17 to keep 1. clearly borrowed
žö 11.18 the thing 5. no evidence for borrowing
niƛ- 11.21 to give 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’ǟ niƛ- 11.22 to give back 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’umi -ow- 11.24 to preserve 1. clearly borrowed
xasar -ow- 11.25 to rescue 5. no evidence for borrowing
-uɣol- 11.27 to destroy 5. no evidence for borrowing
zaral -ow- 11.28 to injure 5. no evidence for borrowing
zaral -ow- 11.29 to damage 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ĩz- 11.31 to look for 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ĩqo- (1) 11.32 to find 5. no evidence for borrowing
-oʔl- 11.33 to lose 5. no evidence for borrowing
-eccak’- 11.34 to let go 5. no evidence for borrowing
okko 11.43 the money 1. clearly borrowed
kilos okko 11.44 the coin 5. no evidence for borrowing
bečedab 11.51 rich 1. clearly borrowed
miskinab 11.52 poor 1. clearly borrowed
ok’dagi 11.53 the beggar 5. no evidence for borrowing
miskin 11.53 the beggar 1. clearly borrowed
paq’ir 11.53 the beggar 1. clearly borrowed
< faqīr (Arabic )
baxilab 11.54 stingy 1. clearly borrowed
< baxīl (Arabic )
q’arza niƛ- 11.61 to lend 5. no evidence for borrowing
yoc’ol niƛ- 11.61 to lend 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’arza -ok’- 11.62 to borrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
yoc’ol -ok’- 11.62 to borrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
niƛal nuc’os 11.63 to owe 5. no evidence for borrowing
nahɬi 11.64 the debt 1. clearly borrowed
niƛ- 11.65 to pay 5. no evidence for borrowing
hisab 11.66 the bill 1. clearly borrowed
nalog 11.69 the tax 1. clearly borrowed
ɬoɬil -ok’ 11.77 to hire 5. no evidence for borrowing
xarž 11.78 the wages 1. clearly borrowed
xarž (Avar )
< xarj (Turkic )
okko -ow- 11.79 to earn 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ox- 11.81 to buy 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ĩso- 11.82 to sell 5. no evidence for borrowing
xüžö- 11.83 to trade or barter 5. no evidence for borrowing
kupec 11.84 the merchant 1. clearly borrowed
bazargan 11.84 the merchant 1. clearly borrowed
bazay 11.85 the market 1. clearly borrowed
bazar (Avar )
< bazar (Turkic )
koparat 11.86 the shop/store 1. clearly borrowed
magazin 11.86 the shop/store 1. clearly borrowed
baha 11.87 the price 1. clearly borrowed
baha (Avar )
< bahā (Persian )
xirayab 11.88 expensive 1. clearly borrowed
pihayab 11.89 cheap 1. clearly borrowed
učuzab 11.89 cheap 1. clearly borrowed
-it’- 11.91 to share 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ãsa- 11.92 to weigh 5. no evidence for borrowing
beta 12.01 after 5. no evidence for borrowing
müɣäƛ 12.011 behind 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ʔ 12.012 in 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ɣa 12.013 at 5. no evidence for borrowing
-doy 12.02 beside 5. no evidence for borrowing
šeblaʔ 12.02 beside 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛiyo 12.03 down 5. no evidence for borrowing
äᵑydā 12.04 before 5. no evidence for borrowing
äᵑydǟ 12.041 in front of 5. no evidence for borrowing
ẽdo 12.05 inside 5. no evidence for borrowing
gisa 12.06 outside 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛiyo 12.07 under 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’odo 12.08 up 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ƛ’a 12.081 above 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’odo 12.081 above 5. no evidence for borrowing
mäče 12.11 the place 5. no evidence for borrowing
mak’a 12.11 the place 5. no evidence for borrowing
gul- 12.12 to put 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’ey -ece- 12.13 to sit 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ut’ 12.14 to lie down 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ecoƛ’a -ece- 12.15 to stand 5. no evidence for borrowing
hĩxɬ- 12.16 to remain 5. no evidence for borrowing
-yek-yõƛ’oyo 12.17 the remains 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ok’ol- 12.21 to gather 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ok’ol- 12.212 to pick up 5. no evidence for borrowing
-õz- 12.212 to pick up 5. no evidence for borrowing
-õso- 12.213 to pile up 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ĩzok’- 12.213 to pile up 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬišel- (2) 12.22 to join 5. no evidence for borrowing
yiga- 12.22 to join 5. no evidence for borrowing
dandeɬizi -ow- 12.22 to join 1. clearly borrowed
žüž -ẽye- 12.23 to separate 5. no evidence for borrowing
žüžk’- 12.23 to separate 5. no evidence for borrowing
bat’a -ow- 12.23 to separate 5. no evidence for borrowing
bat’a -ẽye- 12.23 to separate 5. no evidence for borrowing
-it’- 12.232 to divide 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ẽhe- 12.24 to open 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ĩqo- (2) 12.25 to shut 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ũco- 12.27 to hide 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoʔoƛ’a 12.31 high 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛiyoƛ’a 12.32 low 5. no evidence for borrowing
ziʔoƛ’a 12.32 low 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’oco 12.33 the top 5. no evidence for borrowing
õƛ’o 12.34 the bottom 5. no evidence for borrowing
axir 12.35 the end(1) 1. clearly borrowed
axir (Avar )
räʔäl 12.35 the end(1) 1. clearly borrowed
ac’c’o 12.352 pointed 5. no evidence for borrowing
räʔäl 12.353 the edge 1. clearly borrowed
raq 12.36 the side 1. clearly borrowed
raq (Avar )
baƛos mäče 12.37 the middle 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’et’aƛ’as 12.41 right(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
õƛ’aƛ’as 12.42 left 5. no evidence for borrowing
hica 12.43 near 4. very little evidence for borrowing
c’ixo 12.44 far 5. no evidence for borrowing
mašriq’ 12.45 the east 1. clearly borrowed
maɣrib 12.46 the west 1. clearly borrowed
õq’q’aʔdās mäče 12.47 the north 5. no evidence for borrowing
biqqaʔdās mäče 12.48 the south 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’ilma 12.48 the south 1. clearly borrowed
< qibla (Arabic )
-uq’ɬ- 12.53 to grow 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ãsa- 12.54 to measure 5. no evidence for borrowing
-uq’o- 12.55 big 5. no evidence for borrowing
it’ino 12.56 small 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ixalo 12.57 long 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoʔoƛ’as 12.58 tall 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoʔō 12.58 tall 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ixalo 12.58 tall 5. no evidence for borrowing
-äᵑššö 12.59 short 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’eq’q’o 12.61 wide 5. no evidence for borrowing
qusso 12.62 narrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
xet’t’o 12.63 thick 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛämmö 12.65 thin 5. no evidence for borrowing
giɬillo 12.67 deep 5. no evidence for borrowing
šüššö 12.68 shallow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ät’idab 12.71 flat 1. clearly borrowed
-ẽɬeyo 12.71 flat 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ãq’oyc’oyo 12.73 straight 5. no evidence for borrowing
č’ek’diyo 12.74 crooked 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’öxäde 12.75 the hook 5. no evidence for borrowing
buƛ’o 12.76 the corner 5. no evidence for borrowing
qanč 12.77 the cross 1. clearly borrowed
qanč (Avar )
< xač (Turkic )
qača 12.77 the cross 1. clearly borrowed
qanč (Avar )
< xač (Turkic )
öᵑq”öbuƛ’o 12.78 the square 5. no evidence for borrowing
gomordiyo 12.81 round 5. no evidence for borrowing
gor 12.82 the circle 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’öyyä 12.82 the circle 5. no evidence for borrowing
šar 12.83 the ball 1. clearly borrowed
muq 12.84 the line 1. clearly borrowed
muq (Avar )
äᵑheyo 12.85 the hole 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’öč’ö 12.85 the hole 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ẽɬeyo 12.92 similar 5. no evidence for borrowing
xüžö- 12.93 to change 5. no evidence for borrowing
nol 13 zero 1. clearly borrowed
hõs 13.01 one 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’ona 13.02 two 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬana 13.03 three 5. no evidence for borrowing
öᵑq’önä 13.04 four 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬina 13.05 five 5. no evidence for borrowing
iɬna 13.06 six 5. no evidence for borrowing
aƛna 13.07 seven 5. no evidence for borrowing
beƛna 13.08 eight 5. no evidence for borrowing
äč’ena 13.09 nine 5. no evidence for borrowing
ac’ona 13.1 ten 5. no evidence for borrowing
ac’ona hõs 13.101 eleven 5. no evidence for borrowing
ac’ona q’ona 13.102 twelve 5. no evidence for borrowing
ac’ona ɬina 13.103 fifteen 5. no evidence for borrowing
qona 13.104 twenty 5. no evidence for borrowing
hõsč’it’ 13.105 a hundred 5. no evidence for borrowing
hazay 13.106 a thousand 1. clearly borrowed
hazar (Avar )
qowo- 13.107 to count 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’ac’c’o 13.14 all 5. no evidence for borrowing
teli 13.15 many 1. clearly borrowed
dīs 13.15 many 5. no evidence for borrowing
öllö 13.15 many 5. no evidence for borrowing
ladi 13.15 many 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’ok’ab 13.16 more 1. clearly borrowed
yöƛ’ƛ’ä 13.17 few 5. no evidence for borrowing
däh 13.17 few 1. clearly borrowed
dah (Avar )
ezzeʔan 13.18 enough 1. clearly borrowed
lasodi 13.181 some 5. no evidence for borrowing
ladi 13.19 the crowd 5. no evidence for borrowing
-oc’iyo 13.21 full 5. no evidence for borrowing
üč’äräb 13.21 full 1. clearly borrowed
-öč’č’ö 13.22 empty 5. no evidence for borrowing
but’a 13.23 the part 1. clearly borrowed
yaƛƛokos 13.24 the half 5. no evidence for borrowing
hõs gähiyo 13.33 only 5. no evidence for borrowing
äᵑddǟš 13.34 first 5. no evidence for borrowing
müɣättǟš 13.35 last 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’onas 13.36 second 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’ona iyaƛeyo 13.36 second 5. no evidence for borrowing
čut 13.37 the pair 1. clearly borrowed
žut (Avar )
< jut (Turkic )
yuƛ’o 13.37 the pair 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’axna 13.38 twice/two times 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬanas 13.42 third 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬaxna 13.44 three times 5. no evidence for borrowing
mex 14.11 the time 1. clearly borrowed
mexx (Avar )
anta 14.11 the time 5. no evidence for borrowing
zaman 14.11 the time 1. clearly borrowed
zaman (Avar )
asru 14.12 the age 1. clearly borrowed
ic’c’o 14.13 new 5. no evidence for borrowing
ölöqänäb 14.14 young 1. clearly borrowed
kello 14.15 old 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’ayƛ’a 14.16 early 5. no evidence for borrowing
hako 14.17 late 5. no evidence for borrowing
že 14.18 now 5. no evidence for borrowing
že dande 14.19 immediately 5. no evidence for borrowing
habsaʔat 14.19 immediately 1. clearly borrowed
häte 14.22 slow 5. no evidence for borrowing
edeʔzi -aq- 14.23 to hurry 1. clearly borrowed
hakoɬ- 14.24 to be late 5. no evidence for borrowing
-üxöɬ- 14.25 to begin 5. no evidence for borrowing
baybikik 14.251 the beginning 1. clearly borrowed
bil 14.251 the beginning 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ixaloɬ- 14.252 to last 5. no evidence for borrowing
axir 14.26 the end(2) 1. clearly borrowed
axir (Avar )
-oɬol- 14.27 to finish 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬiq‘ol- 14.27 to finish 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ečenoc’l- 14.28 to cease 5. no evidence for borrowing
hädüräb 14.29 ready 1. clearly borrowed
< ħadir (Arabic )
nitonazu 14.31 always 5. no evidence for borrowing
teli 14.32 often 1. clearly borrowed
hãq’q’alaʔ 14.33 sometimes 5. no evidence for borrowing
hõsolaʔ 14.33 sometimes 5. no evidence for borrowing
mex-mexlaʔ 14.33 sometimes 5. no evidence for borrowing
zama-zamalliʔ 14.33 sometimes 5. no evidence for borrowing
hakoɬeče 14.331 soon 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ixalaɣa 14.332 for a long time 5. no evidence for borrowing
tabanab 14.332 for a long time 1. clearly borrowed
hãq’q’ana 14.34 never 5. no evidence for borrowing
hõsna 14.34 never 5. no evidence for borrowing
betana 14.35 again 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’ǟna 14.35 again 5. no evidence for borrowing
wodo 14.41 the day(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
wodo 14.411 the day(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
nišeš mex 14.42 the night 5. no evidence for borrowing
käčeɬiyooɬi 14.43 the dawn 5. no evidence for borrowing
xisƛ’as mex 14.44 the morning 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛobaƛ’as mex 14.45 the midday 5. no evidence for borrowing
marč’ok’oɬso mex 14.46 the evening 5. no evidence for borrowing
žeysa 14.47 today 5. no evidence for borrowing
xisa 14.48 tomorrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
xisalaɬ 14.481 the day after tomorrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
hũɬ 14.49 yesterday 5. no evidence for borrowing
hũɬlaɬ 14.491 the day before yesterday 5. no evidence for borrowing
saʔat 14.51 the hour 1. clearly borrowed
saʔat 14.53 the clock 1. clearly borrowed
anƛ’ 14.61 the week 1. clearly borrowed
wixadnoy 14.62 Sunday 1. clearly borrowed
bazay-wodo 14.62 Sunday 5. no evidence for borrowing
itni 14.63 Monday 1. clearly borrowed
itni (Avar )
panidennik 14.63 Monday 1. clearly borrowed
talat 14.64 Tuesday 1. clearly borrowed
talat (Avar )
ftornik 14.64 Tuesday 1. clearly borrowed
arbaʔ 14.65 Wednesday 1. clearly borrowed
sereda 14.65 Wednesday 1. clearly borrowed
četverg 14.66 Thursday 1. clearly borrowed
xamiz 14.66 Thursday 1. clearly borrowed
xamiz (Avar )
müžmär 14.67 Friday 2. probably borrowed
pijatnica 14.67 Friday 1. clearly borrowed
subota 14.68 Saturday 1. clearly borrowed
šamat 14.68 Saturday 1. clearly borrowed
< sabt (Arabic )
month 14.71 the month 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛi 14.73 the year 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛine 14.74 the winter 5. no evidence for borrowing
emedās mex 14.75 the spring(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
azo 14.76 the summer 5. no evidence for borrowing
sibowas mex 14.77 the autumn/fall 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛis mex 14.78 the season 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛis zaman 14.78 the season 5. no evidence for borrowing
mäh baq- 15.21 to smell(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
mäh biq’el- 15.22 to smell(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
niyā 15.35 sweet 5. no evidence for borrowing
cixā 15.36 salty 5. no evidence for borrowing
niq’ā 15.37 bitter 5. no evidence for borrowing
čačalo 15.38 sour 5. no evidence for borrowing
cixaɬiyo 15.39 brackish 5. no evidence for borrowing
tuq- 15.41 to hear 5. no evidence for borrowing
enekzi -aq- 15.42 to listen 1. clearly borrowed
sas 15.44 the sound or noise 5. no evidence for borrowing
quy 15.44 the sound or noise 1. clearly borrowed
quy (Avar )
-uq’o- 15.45 loud 5. no evidence for borrowing
it’ino 15.46 quiet 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ega- 15.51 to see 5. no evidence for borrowing
gowac’o- 15.52 to look 5. no evidence for borrowing
-egala- 15.55 to show 5. no evidence for borrowing
kanɬi niƛ- 15.56 to shine 5. no evidence for borrowing
boq biƛ’e- 15.56 to shine 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’ey 15.61 the colour/color 5. no evidence for borrowing
käččö 15.62 light(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
koƛƛo 15.63 dark 5. no evidence for borrowing
häldiyo 15.64 white 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’odolo 15.65 black 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’uddo 15.66 red 5. no evidence for borrowing
hacaɣas 15.67 blue 5. no evidence for borrowing
nicaʔas 15.67 blue 5. no evidence for borrowing
ničdiyo 15.67 blue 5. no evidence for borrowing
heƛaɬcoʔos 15.68 green 5. no evidence for borrowing
green 15.68 green 5. no evidence for borrowing
ukliʔis 15.69 yellow 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ẽxel- 15.71 to touch 5. no evidence for borrowing
-üwö 15.712 to pinch 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ut’o- 15.712 to pinch 5. no evidence for borrowing
-üwö- 15.72 to feel 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ut’o- 15.72 to feel 5. no evidence for borrowing
qäč’č’ö 15.74 hard 5. no evidence for borrowing
tötilö 15.75 soft 5. no evidence for borrowing
qäč’č’ö 15.76 rough(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
qöqilö 15.76 rough(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’ak’alo 15.77 smooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
ãc’c’o 15.78 sharp 5. no evidence for borrowing
böt’t’ö 15.79 blunt 5. no evidence for borrowing
-äq’q’ö 15.81 heavy 5. no evidence for borrowing
kikko 15.82 light(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ĩʔā 15.83 wet 5. no evidence for borrowing
qoqō 15.84 dry 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ek’eyo 15.85 hot 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ixxo 15.851 warm 5. no evidence for borrowing
-äč’č’ö 15.86 cold 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ãcō 15.87 clean 5. no evidence for borrowing
čikeyo 15.88 dirty 5. no evidence for borrowing
-öɣ--ök’öyö 15.89 wrinkled 5. no evidence for borrowing
rüh 16.11 the soul or spirit 1. clearly borrowed
ruħ (Avar )
< rūħ (Arabic )
häyrän -aqiyo 16.15 surprised or astonished 5. no evidence for borrowing
häyränäb 16.15 surprised or astonished 1. clearly borrowed
bax 16.18 the good luck 2. probably borrowed
< baxt (Arabic )
talih 16.18 the good luck 1. clearly borrowed
talih buɣōɬi 16.19 the bad luck 5. no evidence for borrowing
talihab 16.23 happy 1. clearly borrowed
ɬöwa- 16.25 to laugh 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬõh t’ikel- 16.251 to smile 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’isa- 16.26 to play 5. no evidence for borrowing
-at’- 16.27 to love 5. no evidence for borrowing
baʔƛo- 16.29 to kiss 5. no evidence for borrowing
ãɬo yoc’- 16.3 to embrace 5. no evidence for borrowing
unti 16.31 the pain 1. clearly borrowed
unti (Avar )
k’ok’ōɬi 16.31 the pain 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’ariɬi 16.32 the grief 1. clearly borrowed
ähi 16.33 the anxiety 1. clearly borrowed
ähi (Avar )
yak’o yuɣo- 16.34 to regret or be sorry 5. no evidence for borrowing
gurhel 16.35 the pity 1. clearly borrowed
-ĩya- 16.37 to cry 5. no evidence for borrowing
maq’o (1) 16.38 the tear 5. no evidence for borrowing
okda- 16.39 to groan 5. no evidence for borrowing
rixzi -aq- 16.41 to hate 1. clearly borrowed
simo 16.42 the anger 5. no evidence for borrowing
šakdizi aqiyoɬi 16.44 the envy or jealousy 5. no evidence for borrowing
nic 16.45 the shame 5. no evidence for borrowing
yuk’o yak’os 16.48 proud 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬaq’eyo 16.52 brave 5. no evidence for borrowing
hic’aʔcas 16.52 brave 5. no evidence for borrowing
hink’i 16.53 the fear 1. clearly borrowed
hink’i 16.54 the danger 1. clearly borrowed
-at’- 16.62 to want 5. no evidence for borrowing
hak’ 16.622 to choose 5. no evidence for borrowing
yak’p yõq’o- 16.63 to hope 5. no evidence for borrowing
böžäräb 16.65 faithful 1. clearly borrowed
yak’o niƛiyo 16.65 faithful 5. no evidence for borrowing
ungo-ungoyab 16.66 true 1. clearly borrowed
-õt’ola- 16.67 to lie(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ot’olāɬi 16.68 the deceit 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’odos tiƛk- 16.69 to forgive 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’et’o 16.71 good 5. no evidence for borrowing
čikeyo 16.72 bad 5. no evidence for borrowing
bit’arab 16.73 right(2) 1. clearly borrowed
meq’ab 16.74 wrong 1. clearly borrowed
ɣalat’ 16.77 the mistake 1. clearly borrowed
bercinab 16.81 beautiful 1. clearly borrowed
suruq’ab 16.82 ugly 1. clearly borrowed
qant’arab 16.83 greedy 1. clearly borrowed
aq’ilab 16.84 clever 1. clearly borrowed
ãq’lo 17.11 the mind 1. clearly borrowed
< ʕaql (Arabic )
urɣizi -aq- 17.13 to think(1) 1. clearly borrowed
pikro bow- 17.14 to think(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
böž- 17.15 to believe 5. no evidence for borrowing
bidži -aq- 17.16 to understand 1. clearly borrowed
-iq’e- 17.17 to know 5. no evidence for borrowing
pikro baq- 17.171 to guess 5. no evidence for borrowing
-owaʔcoy -ece- 17.172 to imitate 5. no evidence for borrowing
gic’- 17.18 to seem 5. no evidence for borrowing
pikro 17.19 the idea 1. clearly borrowed
pikru (Avar )
< fikr (Arabic )
aq’ilab 17.21 wise 1. clearly borrowed
ädäläb 17.22 stupid 1. clearly borrowed
ãq’lo gäččö 17.23 mad 5. no evidence for borrowing
-iq’el- 17.24 to learn 5. no evidence for borrowing
-iq’el- 17.242 to study 5. no evidence for borrowing
xowo- 17.25 to teach 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’aldoqan 17.26 the pupil 1. clearly borrowed
qohdagi 17.26 the pupil 5. no evidence for borrowing
üštel 17.27 the teacher 1. clearly borrowed
iškola 17.28 the school 1. clearly borrowed
yak’ƛ’a -õq’o- 17.31 to remember 5. no evidence for borrowing
šöʔ 17.32 to forget 5. no evidence for borrowing
mühkänäb 17.34 clear 1. clearly borrowed
bayanab 17.34 clear 1. clearly borrowed
bič’č’i -aqaʔcas 17.35 obscure 5. no evidence for borrowing
baɬgoɬi 17.36 secret 1. clearly borrowed
bidži -ow- 17.38 to explain 5. no evidence for borrowing
xiyal 17.41 the intention 1. clearly borrowed
xiyal (Avar )
< xayāl (Arabic )
illa 17.42 the cause 1. clearly borrowed
šakɬi 17.43 the doubt 1. clearly borrowed
šakdizi -aq- 17.44 to suspect 1. clearly borrowed
niƛ- 17.441 to betray 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ĩso- 17.441 to betray 5. no evidence for borrowing
häžäɬi 17.45 the need or necessity 1. clearly borrowed
bihayab 17.46 easy 1. clearly borrowed
zahmatab 17.47 difficult 1. clearly borrowed
-äq’q’ö 17.47 difficult 5. no evidence for borrowing
häräkät baɣo- 17.48 to try 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’äʔida 17.49 the manner 1. clearly borrowed
-na 17.51 and 5. no evidence for borrowing
sudƛo nisoda 17.52 because 5. no evidence for borrowing
nagah 17.53 if 1. clearly borrowed
nagah (Avar )
-q’oda 17.53 if 5. no evidence for borrowing
ya 17.54 or 1. clearly borrowed
ya (Avar )
< ya (Persian )
yagi 17.54 or 1. clearly borrowed
yagi (Avar )
yaɬuni 17.54 or 1. clearly borrowed
īᵑ 17.55 yes 5. no evidence for borrowing
häʔä 17.56 no 5. no evidence for borrowing
niɣa 17.61 how? 5. no evidence for borrowing
ladi 17.62 how many? 5. no evidence for borrowing
lasodi 17.63 how much? 5. no evidence for borrowing
siyo 17.64 what? 5. no evidence for borrowing
nito 17.65 when? 5. no evidence for borrowing
nā 17.66 where? 5. no evidence for borrowing
nīyo 17.67 which? 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬo 17.68 who? 5. no evidence for borrowing
sud (1) 17.69 why? 5. no evidence for borrowing
hok’ 18.11 the voice 5. no evidence for borrowing
haraƛ’ 18.11 the voice 1. clearly borrowed
keč’ iƛe- 18.12 to sing 5. no evidence for borrowing
iƛel- 18.13 to shout 5. no evidence for borrowing
püšük’da- 18.15 to whisper 5. no evidence for borrowing
mozla- 18.16 to mumble 5. no evidence for borrowing
hörrä- 18.16 to mumble 5. no evidence for borrowing
šadda- 18.17 to whistle 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’aʔda- 18.18 to shriek 5. no evidence for borrowing
kõwa- 18.19 to howl 5. no evidence for borrowing
-iq’laše- 18.21 to speak or talk 5. no evidence for borrowing
-oxilda- 18.211 to stutter or stammer 5. no evidence for borrowing
niso- 18.22 to say 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ẽye- 18.221 to tell 5. no evidence for borrowing
hok’ yoʔl- 18.23 to be silent 5. no evidence for borrowing
mic (1) 18.24 the language 5. no evidence for borrowing
yäže 18.26 the word 5. no evidence for borrowing
cāᵑ 18.28 the name 5. no evidence for borrowing
nisol- 18.31 to ask(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
žawab niƛ- 18.32 to answer 5. no evidence for borrowing
muk’ur -aq- 18.33 to admit 5. no evidence for borrowing
inkar bow- 18.34 to deny 5. no evidence for borrowing
harzi -ow- 18.35 to ask(2) 1. clearly borrowed
ƛ’odo -ox- 18.36 to promise 5. no evidence for borrowing
inkar bow- 18.37 to refuse 5. no evidence for borrowing
huq’zi -ow- 18.38 to forbid 1. clearly borrowed
häräm -ow- 18.38 to forbid 5. no evidence for borrowing
-äƛ’ela- 18.39 to scold 5. no evidence for borrowing
iƛe- 18.41 to call(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
niso- 18.42 to call(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬazi -ow- 18.43 to announce 1. clearly borrowed
ɬaze (Avar )
hič’egol- 18.44 to threaten 5. no evidence for borrowing
šöᵑƛö 18.45 to boast 5. no evidence for borrowing
caydazi -aq- 18.45 to boast 5. no evidence for borrowing
püwä- 18.45 to boast 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ižeyc’- 18.45 to boast 5. no evidence for borrowing
čäx 18.51 to write 5. no evidence for borrowing
xowo- 18.52 to read 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛibo 18.56 the paper 5. no evidence for borrowing
ručka 18.57 the pen 1. clearly borrowed
t’ek 18.61 the book 1. clearly borrowed
poet 18.67 the poet 1. clearly borrowed
šair 18.67 the poet 1. clearly borrowed
šäšät’ö 18.71 the flute 5. no evidence for borrowing
dibit’o 18.72 the drum 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’ico 18.74 the rattle 5. no evidence for borrowing
ulka 19.11 the country 1. clearly borrowed
ulka (Avar )
< ülke (Turkic )
ilos ulka 19.12 the native country 5. no evidence for borrowing
šähär 19.15 the town 1. clearly borrowed
< šahr (Persian )
äƛ 19.16 the village 5. no evidence for borrowing
örqi 19.17 the boundary 1. clearly borrowed
xalq’ 19.21 the people 1. clearly borrowed
< xalq (Arabic )
ahlo 19.23 the clan 1. clearly borrowed
ahlu (Avar )
< ’ahl (Arabic )
uqo 19.24 the chieftain 5. no evidence for borrowing
ceweqan 19.24 the chieftain 1. clearly borrowed
k’obola 19.25 the walking stick 1. clearly borrowed
xan 19.32 the king 1. clearly borrowed
xan (Avar )
< xan (Turkic )
pača 19.32 the king 1. clearly borrowed
pača (Avar )
< pača (Turkic )
graždanin 19.37 the citizen 1. clearly borrowed
bet’erhan 19.41 the master 1. clearly borrowed
laɣ 19.42 the slave 1. clearly borrowed
laɣ (Avar )
meqre 19.43 the servant 1. clearly borrowed
muhazir 19.43 the servant 2. probably borrowed
mähäƛ’äkö 19.43 the servant 5. no evidence for borrowing
nukar 19.43 the servant 1. clearly borrowed
nukar (Avar )
erkenab suk’o 19.44 the freeman 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ẽccak’- 19.445 to liberate 5. no evidence for borrowing
amru bow 19.45 to command or order 5. no evidence for borrowing
enekzi -aq- 19.46 to obey 1. clearly borrowed
muk’ur -aq- 19.46 to obey 5. no evidence for borrowing
ixtiyar niƛ- 19.47 to permit 5. no evidence for borrowing
halmaɣ 19.51 the friend 1. clearly borrowed
tušman 19.52 the enemy 1. clearly borrowed
maduhan 19.54 the neighbour 1. clearly borrowed
iq’aʔcas suk’o 19.55 the stranger 5. no evidence for borrowing
hobol 19.56 the guest 1. clearly borrowed
hobol (Avar )
-ok’- 19.565 to invite 5. no evidence for borrowing
iƛ 19.565 to invite 5. no evidence for borrowing
bet’erhan 19.57 the host 1. clearly borrowed
komak bow- 19.58 to help 5. no evidence for borrowing
kalkal bow- 19.59 to prevent 5. no evidence for borrowing
ädät 19.61 the custom 1. clearly borrowed
däʔbä 19.62 the quarrel 1. clearly borrowed
däʔbä-yäže 19.62 the quarrel 5. no evidence for borrowing
bišeldabāɬi 19.62 the quarrel 5. no evidence for borrowing
dande kezi -aq- 19.65 to meet 5. no evidence for borrowing
qähbä 19.72 the prostitute 1. clearly borrowed
< qaħba (Arabic )
-eɣ- 20.11 to fight 5. no evidence for borrowing
raɣ 20.13 the war or battle 1. clearly borrowed
raɣ (Avar )
ƛ’ap’i 20.13 the war or battle 1. clearly borrowed
req’el 20.14 the peace 1. clearly borrowed
armiya 20.15 the army 1. clearly borrowed
askar 20.15 the army 1. clearly borrowed
askar (Avar )
saldat 20.17 the soldier 1. clearly borrowed
yaraɣ 20.21 the weapons 1. clearly borrowed
< yarag (Turkic )
k’obala 20.22 the club 1. clearly borrowed
qälämčäʔkö 20.23 the sling 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’abi 20.23 the sling 3. perhaps borrowed
c’ãʔã 20.24 the bow 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’ulu 20.25 the arrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
xeč 20.26 the spear 3. perhaps borrowed
mač’a 20.27 the sword 5. no evidence for borrowing
topi 20.28 the gun 1. clearly borrowed
< top (Turkic )
yaraɣ-mätäh 20.31 the armour 1. clearly borrowed
kilos ƛ’aq’alo 20.33 the helmet 5. no evidence for borrowing
äᵑydǟ yoxcas kil 20.34 the shield 5. no evidence for borrowing
qala 20.35 the fortress 1. clearly borrowed
qala (Avar )
mukro 20.36 the tower 5. no evidence for borrowing
berhenɬi 20.41 the victory 1. clearly borrowed
büwähȭɬi 20.42 the defeat 5. no evidence for borrowing
dande -ece- 20.44 to defend 5. no evidence for borrowing
müɣättǟ -üƛ’- 20.45 to retreat 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaʔ -ẽƛ’e- 20.46 to surrender 5. no evidence for borrowing
asir 20.47 the captive or prisoner 1. clearly borrowed
asir (Avar )
qarawul 20.471 the guard 1. clearly borrowed
dawla 20.48 the booty 1. clearly borrowed
dawla (Avar )
< dawla (Arabic )
ɣorƛ’čel 20.49 the ambush 1. clearly borrowed
bisāq 20.51 the fisherman 5. no evidence for borrowing
bicax 20.52 the fishhook 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’ihmat 20.53 the fishing line 5. no evidence for borrowing
setka 20.54 the fishnet 1. clearly borrowed
biɬoƛ’a -ẽƛ’e- 20.61 to hunt 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ĩƛ’e- 20.62 to shoot 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’ut’- 20.62 to shoot 5. no evidence for borrowing
šeblaʔƛ’ā -ẽƛ’e- 20.63 to miss 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’or 20.64 the trap 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’orlid -ox- 20.65 to trap 5. no evidence for borrowing
zakon 21.11 the law 1. clearly borrowed
q’anon 21.11 the law 1. clearly borrowed
sud (2) 21.15 the court 1. clearly borrowed
sud yow- 21.16 to adjudicate 5. no evidence for borrowing
sudlis hökmö 21.17 the judgment 5. no evidence for borrowing
sudiya 21.18 the judge 1. clearly borrowed
äyib boɣcas suk’o 21.21 the plaintiff 5. no evidence for borrowing
žawab niccas suk’o 21.22 the defendant 5. no evidence for borrowing
nüʔ 21.23 the witness 1. clearly borrowed
nuʕ (Avar )
hädälä- 21.24 to swear 5. no evidence for borrowing
hã 21.25 the oath 5. no evidence for borrowing
äyib gul- 21.31 to accuse 5. no evidence for borrowing
kakzi -ow- 21.32 to condemn 1. clearly borrowed
äyibiyaw egalal 21.33 to convict 5. no evidence for borrowing
taq’sir mẽxe- 21.33 to convict 5. no evidence for borrowing
äyib boɬol- 21.34 to acquit 5. no evidence for borrowing
äyibiyaw 21.35 guilty 1. clearly borrowed
äyib gäččö 21.36 innocent 5. no evidence for borrowing
tambih 21.37 the penalty or punishment 1. clearly borrowed
ak’a 21.38 the fine 1. clearly borrowed
t’usaɣi 21.39 the prison 1. clearly borrowed
-ĩƛ’eyoɬi 21.42 the murder 5. no evidence for borrowing
qahbaɬi 21.43 the adultery 1. clearly borrowed
zina bōyoɬi 21.44 the rape 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’o yẽyoɬi 21.46 the arson 5. no evidence for borrowing
heresi-nüʔɬi 21.47 the perjury 1. clearly borrowed
c’ohla 21.51 to steal 5. no evidence for borrowing
gihla- 21.51 to steal 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ũcola- 21.51 to steal 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’ohor 21.52 the thief 1. clearly borrowed
gihlagi 21.52 the thief 5. no evidence for borrowing
yũcolagi 21.52 the thief 5. no evidence for borrowing
din 22.11 the religion 1. clearly borrowed
din (Avar )
< dīn (Arabic )
Allah 22.12 the god 1. clearly borrowed
allah (Avar )
Bet’erhan 22.12 the god 1. clearly borrowed
saq’dari 22.13 the temple 1. clearly borrowed
saq’dari 22.131 the church 1. clearly borrowed
mažgit 22.132 the mosque 1. clearly borrowed
< masjid (Arabic )
q’urban 22.15 the sacrifice 1. clearly borrowed
sužda bow- 22.16 to worship 5. no evidence for borrowing
kak yow- 22.17 to pray 5. no evidence for borrowing
döʔä bow- 22.17 to pray 5. no evidence for borrowing
kašiš 22.18 the priest 1. clearly borrowed
ɣudelo 22.18 the priest 1. clearly borrowed
wali 22.19 holy 1. clearly borrowed
wali (Avar )
< walī (Arabic )
ilahiyab 22.19 holy 1. clearly borrowed
waʔza bow- 22.22 to preach 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’abul -aq- 22.23 to bless 5. no evidence for borrowing
yäže niƛ- 22.23 to bless 5. no evidence for borrowing
näʔänä bow 22.24 to curse 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’al yox- 22.26 to fast 5. no evidence for borrowing
alžan 22.31 the heaven 1. clearly borrowed
< janna (Arabic )
žuržah 22.32 the hell 1. clearly borrowed
šayt’an 22.35 the demon 1. clearly borrowed
ilbis 22.35 the demon 1. clearly borrowed
ilbis (Avar )
sihruɬi 22.42 the magic 1. clearly borrowed
makruɬi 22.42 the magic 1. clearly borrowed
qartay 22.43 the sorcerer or witch 1. clearly borrowed
hürülen 22.44 the fairy or elf 1. clearly borrowed
älämät 22.47 the omen 1. clearly borrowed
sunnat 22.5 the circumcision 1. clearly borrowed
< sunna (Arabic )
radio 23.1 the radio 1. clearly borrowed
tiliwizor 23.11 the television 1. clearly borrowed
tilipun 23.12 the telephone 1. clearly borrowed
šayt’an-mašina 23.13 the bicycle 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’ärƛ’äri 23.135 the motorcycle 5. no evidence for borrowing
matacik 23.135 the motorcycle 1. clearly borrowed
mašina 23.14 the car 1. clearly borrowed
awtobus 23.15 the bus 1. clearly borrowed
poyez 23.155 the train 1. clearly borrowed
samalot 23.16 the airplane 1. clearly borrowed
hayrip’alan 23.16 the airplane 1. clearly borrowed
tok 23.17 the electricity 1. clearly borrowed
batari 23.175 the battery 1. clearly borrowed
tormoz bowo- 23.18 to brake 5. no evidence for borrowing
mator 23.185 the motor 1. clearly borrowed
mašina 23.19 the machine 1. clearly borrowed
benzin 23.195 the petroleum 1. clearly borrowed
balinca 23.2 the hospital 1. clearly borrowed
sestra 23.21 the nurse 1. clearly borrowed
näp’či 23.23 the injection 2. probably borrowed
häydä 23.24 the spectacles/glasses 5. no evidence for borrowing
hükümät 23.3 the government 1. clearly borrowed
perezident 23.31 the president 1. clearly borrowed
minister 23.32 the minister 1. clearly borrowed
milici 23.33 the police 1. clearly borrowed
prawa 23.34 the driver's license 1. clearly borrowed
mašinalis nomerla 23.35 the license plate 5. no evidence for borrowing
metrika 23.36 the birth certificate 1. clearly borrowed
taq’sirɬi 23.37 the crime 3. perhaps borrowed
riši 23.38 the election 1. clearly borrowed
adris 23.385 the address 1. clearly borrowed
nomer 23.39 the number 1. clearly borrowed
< numerus (Latin )
qač’ 23.395 the street 4. very little evidence for borrowing
poč 23.4 the post/mail 1. clearly borrowed
poč (Avar )
mark’a 23.41 the postage stamp 1. clearly borrowed
kaɣay 23.42 the letter 1. clearly borrowed
atkiritka 23.43 the postcard 1. clearly borrowed
bank 23.44 the bank 1. clearly borrowed
karan 23.5 the tap/faucet 1. clearly borrowed
rakowina 23.51 the sink 1. clearly borrowed
budk’a 23.52 the toilet 1. clearly borrowed
hažatxan 23.52 the toilet 1. clearly borrowed
tualet 23.52 the toilet 1. clearly borrowed
oborni 23.52 the toilet 1. clearly borrowed
leybi 23.53 the mattress 1. clearly borrowed
matrac 23.53 the mattress 1. clearly borrowed
bank’a 23.54 the tin/can 1. clearly borrowed
< banka (Russian )
buraw 23.55 the screw 1. clearly borrowed
buraw (Avar )
< burav (Russian )
atvyorka 23.555 the screwdriver 1. clearly borrowed
šuša 23.56 the bottle 1. clearly borrowed
k’ampik’ 23.565 the candy/sweets 1. clearly borrowed
palasmas 23.57 the plastic 1. clearly borrowed
bomba 23.575 the bomb 1. clearly borrowed
artel 23.58 the workshop 1. clearly borrowed
p’ap’iros 23.59 the cigarette 1. clearly borrowed
gazit 23.6 the newspaper 1. clearly borrowed
kalendar 23.61 the calendar 1. clearly borrowed
kino 23.62 the film/movie 1. clearly borrowed
maq’an 23.63 the music 1. clearly borrowed
nako 23.63 the music 1. clearly borrowed
naku (Avar )
keč’ 23.64 the song 1. clearly borrowed
čay 23.9 the tea 1. clearly borrowed
kope 23.91 the coffee 1. clearly borrowed
zuq’o- 24.01 to be 5. no evidence for borrowing
-aq- (1) 24.02 to become 5. no evidence for borrowing
gäč’el 24.03 without 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ɣoy 24.04 with 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ƛ’ā 24.05 through 5. no evidence for borrowing
hudi 24.07 this 5. no evidence for borrowing
huli 24.08 that 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoƛoʔ 24.09 here 5. no evidence for borrowing
hugiʔ 24.1 there 5. no evidence for borrowing
badi 24.11 other 5. no evidence for borrowing
badiso 24.12 next 5. no evidence for borrowing
hudizu 24.13 same 5. no evidence for borrowing
höᵑššöna 24.14 nothing 5. no evidence for borrowing
aqo-qowa 2.261 the young woman 5. no evidence for borrowing