Bezhta Vocabulary

by Bernard Comrie & Madzhid Khalilov

The vocabulary contains 1473 meaning-word pairs from the recipient language Bezhta . The corresponding text chapter was published in the book "Loanwords in the World's Languages". The language page Bezhta contains a list of all loanwords arranged by donor languoid.

The word is given in the usual orthography or transcription, and in the usual citation form.

Click on a word to get even more information than is shown in this table.

The Loanword Typology code is the identifier of the Loanword Typology meaning. Sorting by LWT Code sorts the words thematically by semantic field.
This column shows the labels of the Loanword Typology meanings. By clicking on a meaning label, you get more information about the meaning, as well as a list of all words that are counterparts of that meaning.

There are five borrowed statuses, reflecting decreasing likelihood that the word is a loanword:

  1. clearly borrowed
  2. probably borrowed
  3. perhaps borrowed
  4. very little evidence for borrowing
  5. no evidence for borrowing
This is the time period during which the word is hypothesized to have come into the language as a loanword, or during which it is first attested, or for which it can be reconstructed.
This gives the usual written form for languages that do not use the Latin script.
For (possible) loanwords, this column shows the words in the source languages that served as models.
Word LWT Code Meaning Borrowed Status Source Words
[help] [help] [help] [help] [help]
dunnal 1.1 the world 1. clearly borrowed
< dunyā ( Arabic )
raƛ’ 1.21 the land 1. clearly borrowed
ulka 1.21 the land 1. clearly borrowed
ulka ( Avar )
< ülke ( Turkic )
mizo 1.212 the soil 5. no evidence for borrowing
mäče 1.212 the soil 5. no evidence for borrowing
pax 1.213 the dust 5. no evidence for borrowing
got’ 1.213 the dust 5. no evidence for borrowing
tato 1.214 the mud 5. no evidence for borrowing
miso 1.215 the sand 5. no evidence for borrowing
mǟ 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing
bizo 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing
šed 1.222 the cliff or precipice 5. no evidence for borrowing
ät’iraƛ’ 1.23 the plain 1. clearly borrowed
ät’iɬi 1.23 the plain 1. clearly borrowed
ɬäräʔɬi 1.23 the plain 1. clearly borrowed
maydan 1.24 the valley 1. clearly borrowed
maydan ( Avar )
< maidān ( Arabic )
ko 1.24 the valley 5. no evidence for borrowing
č’ink’ilɬi 1.25 the island 1. clearly borrowed
kantinent 1.26 the mainland 1. clearly borrowed
räʔäl 1.27 the shore 1. clearly borrowed
raʕal ( Avar )
cumri 1.27 the shore 5. no evidence for borrowing
onox 1.28 the cave 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬi 1.31 the water 5. no evidence for borrowing
raɬad 1.32 the sea 1. clearly borrowed
raɬad ( Avar )
soyyā gäččo 1.322 calm 5. no evidence for borrowing
halagab 1.323 rough(2) 1. clearly borrowed
pöp 1.324 the foam 5. no evidence for borrowing
akean 1.329 the ocean 1. clearly borrowed
k’ā 1.33 the lake 5. no evidence for borrowing
soyya 1.35 the wave 5. no evidence for borrowing
ẽxe 1.36 the river or stream 5. no evidence for borrowing
xay 1.36 the river or stream 5. no evidence for borrowing
ẽxe k’äyƛöčäš mäče 1.362 the whirlpool 5. no evidence for borrowing
moh 1.37 the spring or well 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’ica 1.38 the swamp 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛišiyo 1.39 the waterfall 5. no evidence for borrowing
wan 1.41 the woods or forest 5. no evidence for borrowing
häžä 1.43 the wood 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’alo 1.44 the stone or rock 5. no evidence for borrowing
mäče laxƛōɬi 1.45 the earthquake 5. no evidence for borrowing
has 1.51 the sky 5. no evidence for borrowing
boq 1.52 the sun 5. no evidence for borrowing
boco 1.53 the moon 5. no evidence for borrowing
cã (1) 1.54 the star 5. no evidence for borrowing
kayƛoyo 1.55 the lightning 5. no evidence for borrowing
hasa qäƛeyoɬi 1.56 the thunder 5. no evidence for borrowing
kayƛoyo 1.57 the bolt of lightning 5. no evidence for borrowing
yuk’o zaƛo 1.58 the storm 5. no evidence for borrowing
mašola 1.59 the rainbow 3. perhaps borrowed
kanɬi 1.61 the light 1. clearly borrowed
kanɬi ( Avar )
koƛƛoɬi 1.62 the darkness 5. no evidence for borrowing
hidoci 1.63 the shade or shadow 5. no evidence for borrowing
xida 1.64 the dew 5. no evidence for borrowing
hawa 1.71 the air 2. probably borrowed
hawa ( Avar )
hayri 1.71 the air 1. clearly borrowed
zaƛo 1.72 the wind 5. no evidence for borrowing
has 1.73 the cloud 5. no evidence for borrowing
has-mus 1.74 the fog 5. no evidence for borrowing
wodo 1.75 the rain 5. no evidence for borrowing
õz 1.76 the snow 5. no evidence for borrowing
bolo 1.77 the ice 5. no evidence for borrowing
milaže- 1.775 to freeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
wodo-boq 1.78 the weather 5. no evidence for borrowing
hawa-baq 1.78 the weather 1. clearly borrowed
c’o 1.81 the fire 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’oys mic 1.82 the flame 5. no evidence for borrowing
qo 1.83 the smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
got’ 1.83 the smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
müšö 1.831 the steam 5. no evidence for borrowing
tit 1.84 the ash 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣadri 1.841 the embers 1. clearly borrowed
-ek’el- 1.851 to burn(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ek’e- 1.852 to burn(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬišel- (1) 1.86 to light 5. no evidence for borrowing
-edl- 1.861 to extinguish 5. no evidence for borrowing
picka 1.87 the match 1. clearly borrowed
hudo 1.88 the firewood 5. no evidence for borrowing
hǟmö 1.89 the charcoal 5. no evidence for borrowing
suk’o 2.1 the person 5. no evidence for borrowing
ädäm 2.1 the person 1. clearly borrowed
ʕadan ( Avar )
insan 2.1 the person 1. clearly borrowed
insan ( Avar )
< insān ( Arabic )
abo 2.21 the man 5. no evidence for borrowing
suk’o 2.21 the man 5. no evidence for borrowing
iyo 2.22 the woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
aqo 2.22 the woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
aboddās 2.23 male(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
bikinab 2.23 male(1) 1. clearly borrowed
iyoddās 2.24 female(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’uyab 2.24 female(1) 1. clearly borrowed
öžö 2.25 the boy 5. no evidence for borrowing
ölöqän 2.251 the young man 1. clearly borrowed
kid 2.26 the girl 5. no evidence for borrowing
kid 2.261 the young woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’owa 2.27 the child(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
bet’erhan 2.31 the husband 1. clearly borrowed
nuzo 2.31 the husband 5. no evidence for borrowing
aqo 2.32 the wife 5. no evidence for borrowing
aq’o y-ẽƛe- 2.33 to marry 5. no evidence for borrowing
beyten 2.34 the wedding 1. clearly borrowed
bertin ( Avar )
atabākiyoɬi 2.341 the divorce 5. no evidence for borrowing
mahar kešeyoɬi 2.341 the divorce 5. no evidence for borrowing
abo 2.35 the father 5. no evidence for borrowing
iyo 2.36 the mother 5. no evidence for borrowing
iyo-abo 2.37 the parents 5. no evidence for borrowing
aqo y-õq’o-yo 2.38 the married man 5. no evidence for borrowing
aqo y-ẽƛe-yo 2.39 the married woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
öžö 2.41 the son 5. no evidence for borrowing
kid 2.42 the daughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’owa 2.43 the child(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
is 2.44 the brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
uq’o is 2.444 the older brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
it’ino is 2.445 the younger brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
isi 2.45 the sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
yuq’o isi 2.454 the older sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
it’ino isi 2.455 the younger sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’unƛella 2.458 the twins 5. no evidence for borrowing
icilo 2.461 the old man 5. no evidence for borrowing
icilo iyo 2.471 the old woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
is 2.51 the uncle 5. no evidence for borrowing
isi 2.52 the aunt 5. no evidence for borrowing
waccal 2.55 the cousin 1. clearly borrowed
yaccal 2.55 the cousin 1. clearly borrowed
umumal 2.56 the ancestors 1. clearly borrowed
umumul ( Avar )
naslo 2.57 the descendants 1. clearly borrowed
naslu ( Avar )
< nasl ( Arabic )
uq’o abo 2.61 the father-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
uq’o abo 2.611 the father-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
y-uq’o iyo 2.62 the mother-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
yuq’o iyo 2.621 the mother-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
dursa 2.63 the son-in-law (of a man) 1. clearly borrowed
durc ( Avar )
dursa 2.631 the son-in-law (of a woman) 1. clearly borrowed
durc ( Avar )
besdal abo 2.71 the stepfather 5. no evidence for borrowing
besdal iyo 2.72 the stepmother 5. no evidence for borrowing
besdal öžö 2.73 the stepson 5. no evidence for borrowing
besdal kid 2.74 the stepdaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
besdal 2.75 the orphan 1. clearly borrowed
qorolay 2.76 the widow 1. clearly borrowed
q’orolaw 2.77 the widower 1. clearly borrowed
ägärɬi 2.81 the relatives 1. clearly borrowed
qizan 2.82 the family 1. clearly borrowed
qizan ( Avar )
do 2.91 I 5. no evidence for borrowing
mi 2.92 you (singular) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ile 2.94 we 5. no evidence for borrowing
miže 2.95 you (plural) 5. no evidence for borrowing
häymän 3.11 the animal 1. clearly borrowed
aboddās 3.12 male(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
bikinab 3.12 male(2) 1. clearly borrowed
iyoddās 3.13 female(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’uyab 3.13 female(2) 1. clearly borrowed
häymän-boc’i 3.15 the livestock 5. no evidence for borrowing
sakoneli 3.15 the livestock 1. clearly borrowed
hixo 3.16 the pasture 5. no evidence for borrowing
weka 3.18 the herdsman 1. clearly borrowed
wex́a ( Avar )
häymän 3.2 the cattle 1. clearly borrowed
õs 3.21 the bull 5. no evidence for borrowing
waya 3.23 the cow 5. no evidence for borrowing
biše 3.24 the calf 5. no evidence for borrowing
biƛ’ 3.25 the sheep 5. no evidence for borrowing
xoy 3.26 the ram 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛile 3.29 the lamb 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’axe 3.32 the boar 1. clearly borrowed
buƛo 3.35 the pig 5. no evidence for borrowing
can 3.36 the goat 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’iga 3.37 the he-goat 5. no evidence for borrowing
čik’e 3.38 the kid 5. no evidence for borrowing
šügö 3.41 the horse 5. no evidence for borrowing
soyya 3.42 the stallion 5. no evidence for borrowing
ič’ey 3.45 the foal or colt 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔãʔũ 3.46 the donkey 5. no evidence for borrowing
xoyc’on 3.47 the mule 5. no evidence for borrowing
güdä-gedo 3.5 the fowl 5. no evidence for borrowing
mamali 3.52 the cock/rooster 1. clearly borrowed
güdä 3.54 the hen 5. no evidence for borrowing
bat’i 3.56 the goose 1. clearly borrowed
ixu 3.57 the duck 1. clearly borrowed
sĩ (1) 3.58 the nest 5. no evidence for borrowing
mihna 3.581 the bird 5. no evidence for borrowing
čayka 3.582 the seagull 1. clearly borrowed
cũha 3.584 the eagle 5. no evidence for borrowing
koydak’o 3.585 the hawk 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’orgiyan 3.586 the vulture 5. no evidence for borrowing
kündäy 3.591 the bat 5. no evidence for borrowing
papugay 3.592 the parrot 1. clearly borrowed
ɣade 3.593 the crow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ilba 3.594 the dove 5. no evidence for borrowing
ruz 3.596 the owl 1. clearly borrowed
ruz ( Avar )
wo 3.61 the dog 5. no evidence for borrowing
korolik 3.614 the rabbit 1. clearly borrowed
gedo 3.62 the cat 3. perhaps borrowed
ãq’o 3.63 the mouse or rat 5. no evidence for borrowing
bisa 3.65 the fish 5. no evidence for borrowing
qal 3.653 the scale 1. clearly borrowed
qal ( Avar )
akula 3.661 the shark 1. clearly borrowed
delfin 3.662 the porpoise or dolphin 1. clearly borrowed
kit 3.663 the whale 1. clearly borrowed
kit ( Russian )
bac’o (1) 3.71 the wolf 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣalbac’ 3.72 the lion 1. clearly borrowed
sĩ (2) 3.73 the bear 5. no evidence for borrowing
sora 3.74 the fox 5. no evidence for borrowing
biɬo 3.75 the deer 5. no evidence for borrowing
maymalak 3.76 the monkey 1. clearly borrowed
pil 3.77 the elephant 1. clearly borrowed
pil ( Avar )
< fil ( Persian )
aklamo 3.78 the camel 1. clearly borrowed
warani 3.78 the camel 1. clearly borrowed
warani ( Avar )
hüt’-qumur 3.81 the insect 1. clearly borrowed
naco 3.811 the head louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
naco 3.8112 the body louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’ima 3.812 the nit 5. no evidence for borrowing
č’ike 3.813 the flea 5. no evidence for borrowing
sorabet’e 3.814 the centipede 5. no evidence for borrowing
äq’äräb 3.815 the scorpion 1. clearly borrowed
< ʕaqrab ( Arabic )
tarakan 3.816 the cockroach 1. clearly borrowed
hũca 3.817 the ant 5. no evidence for borrowing
kalaɣas q’ī 3.818 the spider 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’imaq’o 3.819 the spider web 5. no evidence for borrowing
nucodaq t’ot’ 3.82 the bee 5. no evidence for borrowing
xȫᵑ 3.822 the beehive 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛordena 3.823 the wasp 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’ot’ 3.83 the fly 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’ūᵑ 3.831 the sandfly or midge or gnat 5. no evidence for borrowing
kälä 3.832 the mosquito 5. no evidence for borrowing
p’ip’it’i 3.835 the tick 5. no evidence for borrowing
bet’ela 3.84 the worm 5. no evidence for borrowing
bekela 3.85 the snake 5. no evidence for borrowing
qiyalat’o 3.863 the hare 5. no evidence for borrowing
wič’wič’o 3.865 the quail 5. no evidence for borrowing
ciq’i 3.869 the squirrel 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’ac’aka 3.91 the firefly 5. no evidence for borrowing
päpät’ö 3.92 the butterfly 5. no evidence for borrowing
xac’o 3.93 the grasshopper 5. no evidence for borrowing
böƛöqä 3.94 the snail 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛaplaɣe 3.95 the frog 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’emusa 3.96 the lizard 5. no evidence for borrowing
karakadil 3.97 the crocodile or alligator 1. clearly borrowed
ƛ’alis ƛaplaɣe 3.98 the turtle 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’arq’ala 4.11 the body 1. clearly borrowed
laga 4.11 the body 1. clearly borrowed
laga ( Avar )
beš 4.12 the skin or hide 5. no evidence for borrowing
maɣo 4.13 the flesh 5. no evidence for borrowing
müč’ 4.14 the hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
kẽyã 4.14 the hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
bab 4.142 the beard 5. no evidence for borrowing
kẽyã 4.144 the body hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
peh 4.145 the pubic hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣiz 4.146 the dandruff 1. clearly borrowed
ɣiz ( Avar )
hẽ 4.15 the blood 5. no evidence for borrowing
pi 4.151 the vein or artery 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛöᵑwä 4.16 the bone 5. no evidence for borrowing
šeblo 4.162 the rib 5. no evidence for borrowing
šelo 4.17 the horn 5. no evidence for borrowing
miɣ 4.18 the tail 5. no evidence for borrowing
miqā 4.19 the back 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’ado-miqā 4.191 the spine 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’ǟm 4.2 the head 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’oco 4.202 the skull 5. no evidence for borrowing
äᵑdä 4.203 the brain 5. no evidence for borrowing
mot’o 4.204 the face 5. no evidence for borrowing
mat’a 4.205 the forehead 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’aqa 4.207 the jaw 5. no evidence for borrowing
gogā 4.208 the cheek 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’ic’ina 4.209 the chin 5. no evidence for borrowing
häy 4.21 the eye 5. no evidence for borrowing
häq’üwä 4.212 the eyebrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
häyš ƛ’äq’e 4.213 the eyelid 5. no evidence for borrowing
häš c’ic’ 4.214 the eyelash 5. no evidence for borrowing
bäq’dä- 4.215 to blink 5. no evidence for borrowing
äᵑɣä 4.22 the ear 5. no evidence for borrowing
äᵑɣäläš kik 4.221 the earlobe 5. no evidence for borrowing
mǟ 4.23 the nose 5. no evidence for borrowing
xuc’mǟ 4.231 the nostril 5. no evidence for borrowing
xida 4.232 the nasal mucus 5. no evidence for borrowing
sik’o 4.24 the mouth 5. no evidence for borrowing
möƛ‘ö 4.241 the beak 5. no evidence for borrowing
poro 4.25 the lip 5. no evidence for borrowing
mic (1) 4.26 the tongue 5. no evidence for borrowing
sila 4.27 the tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’imac’ 4.271 the gums 5. no evidence for borrowing
hagna 4.272 the molar tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
boɬo 4.28 the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing
müɣättǟš q’äm 4.281 the nape of the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing
yis 4.29 the throat 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’eyo 4.3 the shoulder 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛärdämän 4.301 the shoulderblade 3. perhaps borrowed
q’eyas t’iyo 4.302 the collarbone 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’eyas ƛöᵑwä 4.302 the collarbone 5. no evidence for borrowing
bico 4.31 the arm 5. no evidence for borrowing
nuqulco mäče 4.312 the armpit 5. no evidence for borrowing
hāyo 4.32 the elbow 5. no evidence for borrowing
kō 4.33 the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
qat 4.331 the palm of the hand 1. clearly borrowed
qat ( Avar )
q’iden 4.331 the palm of the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
zoƛ’o 4.34 the finger 5. no evidence for borrowing
buq’o zaƛ’o 4.342 the thumb 5. no evidence for borrowing
miƛo 4.344 the fingernail 5. no evidence for borrowing
miƛo 4.345 the claw 5. no evidence for borrowing
xäbä 4.35 the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing
yiɣla 4.351 the thigh 5. no evidence for borrowing
kim 4.352 the calf of the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing
ãga 4.36 the knee 5. no evidence for borrowing
halo 4.37 the foot 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’ätälö 4.371 the ankle 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’im 4.372 the heel 5. no evidence for borrowing
daɣi 4.374 the footprint 1. clearly borrowed
zoƛ’o 4.38 the toe 5. no evidence for borrowing
habo 4.392 the wing 5. no evidence for borrowing
mäč’ä 4.393 the feather 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣäde 4.4 the chest 5. no evidence for borrowing
nene 4.41 the breast 5. no evidence for borrowing
hũƛ’ 4.412 the nipple or teat 5. no evidence for borrowing
cot’ā 4.43 the navel 5. no evidence for borrowing
yak’o 4.44 the heart 5. no evidence for borrowing
piyt’i 4.441 the lung 1. clearly borrowed
šebo 4.45 the liver 5. no evidence for borrowing
koma 4.451 the kidney 5. no evidence for borrowing
bac’o (2) 4.452 the spleen 5. no evidence for borrowing
ãx 4.46 the stomach 5. no evidence for borrowing
baƛa 4.461 the intestines or guts 5. no evidence for borrowing
cot’iʔis mäče 4.462 the waist 5. no evidence for borrowing
č’amal 4.463 the hip 5. no evidence for borrowing
kot’a 4.464 the buttocks 5. no evidence for borrowing
xila 4.465 the sinew or tendon 5. no evidence for borrowing
sĩ (3) 4.47 the womb 5. no evidence for borrowing
xok’ā 4.49 the testicles 5. no evidence for borrowing
daƛ’ 4.492 the penis 5. no evidence for borrowing
müšö baɣ- 4.51 to breathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
hähda- 4.52 to yawn 5. no evidence for borrowing
hik’da- 4.521 to hiccough 5. no evidence for borrowing
öhdä- 4.53 to cough 5. no evidence for borrowing
hicda- 4.54 to sneeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
hadic’- 4.55 to perspire 5. no evidence for borrowing
tüwä- 4.56 to spit 5. no evidence for borrowing
bekik’da- 4.57 to vomit 5. no evidence for borrowing
sila gul- 4.58 to bite 5. no evidence for borrowing
-äᵑč- 4.59 to lick 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’ica guw- 4.591 to dribble 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ut’- 4.61 to sleep 5. no evidence for borrowing
xöwǟ- 4.612 to snore 5. no evidence for borrowing
maƛo yega- 4.62 to dream 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬüʔ-ƛ- 4.63 to wake up 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛẽya- 4.64 to fart 5. no evidence for borrowing
cimala- 4.65 to piss 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔäᵑʔäᵑla- 4.66 to shit 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ẽk’- 4.67 to have sex 5. no evidence for borrowing
zizida- 4.68 to shiver 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’iq’ida- 4.68 to shiver 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬiyac’- 4.69 to bathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ow- 4.71 to beget 5. no evidence for borrowing
-aq- (1) 4.72 to be born 5. no evidence for borrowing
õx gähiyo 4.73 pregnant 5. no evidence for borrowing
õx gähiyo yaq- 4.732 to conceive 5. no evidence for borrowing
ömrö b-ow- 4.74 to be alive 5. no evidence for borrowing
ömrö 4.741 the life 1. clearly borrowed
ʕumru ( Avar )
< ʕumr ( Arabic )
-uɣ- 4.75 to die 5. no evidence for borrowing
-uɣoyo 4.7501 dead 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣanq’izi -owo- 4.751 to drown 1. clearly borrowed
-iƛ- 4.76 to kill 5. no evidence for borrowing
žanaza 4.77 the corpse 1. clearly borrowed
< janāza ( Arabic )
-iqol- 4.78 to bury 5. no evidence for borrowing
šünä 4.79 the grave 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’uwatab 4.81 strong 1. clearly borrowed
zaipab 4.82 weak 1. clearly borrowed
töbǟ 4.82 weak 5. no evidence for borrowing
saɣab 4.83 healthy 1. clearly borrowed
saɣa- ( Avar )
< saɣ ( Turkic )
k’ok’oyo 4.84 sick/ill 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’oɬiyo ek’eyoɬi 4.841 the fever 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣaɣ 4.842 the goitre/goiter 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣeya-q’ämis 4.843 the cold 5. no evidence for borrowing
unti 4.844 the disease 1. clearly borrowed
unti ( Avar )
k’ok’ōɬi 4.844 the disease 5. no evidence for borrowing
läq 4.85 the wound or sore 5. no evidence for borrowing
dažiza 4.852 the bruise 2. probably borrowed
õxo 4.853 the swelling 5. no evidence for borrowing
xosdāɬi 4.854 the itch 5. no evidence for borrowing
xosƛo- 4.8541 to scratch 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬīs momola 4.855 the blister 5. no evidence for borrowing
hũk’ā 4.856 the boil 5. no evidence for borrowing
žöž 4.857 the pus 5. no evidence for borrowing
äᵑž 4.858 the scar 5. no evidence for borrowing
saɣ -aql- 4.86 to cure 5. no evidence for borrowing
saɣ -ow- 4.86 to cure 5. no evidence for borrowing
toxtur 4.87 the physician 1. clearly borrowed
warač 4.87 the physician 1. clearly borrowed
daru 4.88 the medicine 1. clearly borrowed
daru ( Avar )
< dãru ( Persian )
darman 4.88 the medicine 1. clearly borrowed
darman ( Avar )
zahru 4.89 the poison 1. clearly borrowed
zahru ( Avar )
< zahr ( Persian )
tabaɬiyo 4.91 tired 5. no evidence for borrowing
läƛ’ -ẽƛ’eyo 4.91 tired 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ut’--äɣiʔ- 4.912 to rest 5. no evidence for borrowing
rähät bökči- 4.912 to rest 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’aʔab 4.92 lazy 2. probably borrowed
k’ähälab 4.92 lazy 1. clearly borrowed
ciɣoyo 4.92 lazy 5. no evidence for borrowing
p’äp’älö 4.93 bald 5. no evidence for borrowing
läqdä- 4.94 lame 5. no evidence for borrowing
inq’ab 4.95 deaf 1. clearly borrowed
äᵑɣäläƛ’ä -iƛā 4.95 deaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
yäže gäččö 4.96 mute 5. no evidence for borrowing
bocdiyo 4.97 blind 5. no evidence for borrowing
xuwā 4.98 drunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
šät’t’ö 4.99 naked 5. no evidence for borrowing
-es- 5.11 to eat 5. no evidence for borrowing
ken 5.12 the food 1. clearly borrowed
kwen ( Avar )
heleyo 5.121 cooked 5. no evidence for borrowing
hät’t’ö (2) 5.122 raw 5. no evidence for borrowing
-iq’oyo 5.123 ripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
-iq’eʔeš 5.124 unripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’oq’oyo 5.125 rotten 5. no evidence for borrowing
cocilo 5.125 rotten 5. no evidence for borrowing
xuƛo 5.13 to drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
nuko- 5.14 to be hungry 5. no evidence for borrowing
nukōɬi 5.141 the famine 5. no evidence for borrowing
xuƛaq’o- 5.15 to be thirsty 5. no evidence for borrowing
xaɣo- 5.16 to suck 5. no evidence for borrowing
coƛƛo- 5.16 to suck 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬiɬ- 5.18 to chew 5. no evidence for borrowing
-äᵑčiic’l- 5.181 to swallow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛüxö- 5.19 to choke 5. no evidence for borrowing
hele- 5.21 to cook 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣayƛo- 5.22 to boil 5. no evidence for borrowing
ziza- 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing
ziza- 5.24 to bake 5. no evidence for borrowing
peč 5.25 the oven 1. clearly borrowed
qazan 5.26 the pot 1. clearly borrowed
qazan ( Avar )
< qazan ( Turkic )
katilok 5.26 the pot 1. clearly borrowed
čaynik’ 5.27 the kettle 1. clearly borrowed
čäydär 5.27 the kettle 1. clearly borrowed
šag 5.28 the pan 5. no evidence for borrowing
bogoƛ 5.31 the dish 5. no evidence for borrowing
xät’ä 5.32 the plate 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’abak’o 5.33 the bowl 1. clearly borrowed
küdäy 5.34 the jug/pitcher 1. clearly borrowed
it’ino xät’ä 5.36 the saucer 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’obzi 5.37 the spoon 1. clearly borrowed
ket’e 5.37 the spoon 1. clearly borrowed
c’it’ 5.38 the knife(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
sino 5.39 the fork 5. no evidence for borrowing
xac’o 5.391 the tongs 5. no evidence for borrowing
kalbatun 5.391 the tongs 1. clearly borrowed
bešiyoɬi 5.41 the meal 5. no evidence for borrowing
xisƛ’as bešiyoɬi 5.42 the breakfast 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛobaƛ’as bešiyoɬi 5.43 the lunch 5. no evidence for borrowing
nišeš bešiyoɬi 5.44 the dinner 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ice- 5.46 to peel 5. no evidence for borrowing
isiʔ- 5.47 to sieve or to strain 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’uco- 5.47 to sieve or to strain 5. no evidence for borrowing
xarƛol- 5.48 to scrape 5. no evidence for borrowing
laxƛol- 5.49 to stir or to mix 5. no evidence for borrowing
bäbä 5.51 the bread 1. clearly borrowed
yöᵑtö 5.53 the dough 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ocl- 5.54 to knead 5. no evidence for borrowing
hät’t’ö (1) 5.55 the flour 5. no evidence for borrowing
nüšök’- 5.56 to crush or to grind 5. no evidence for borrowing
haboy 5.57 the mill 5. no evidence for borrowing
coboxna 5.58 the mortar(1) 4. very little evidence for borrowing
gendura 5.59 the pestle 4. very little evidence for borrowing
xo 5.61 the meat 5. no evidence for borrowing
baƛa 5.63 the sausage 5. no evidence for borrowing
änƛ’e 5.63 the sausage 5. no evidence for borrowing
šorpa 5.64 the soup 1. clearly borrowed
näži-xaɣu 5.65 the vegetables 5. no evidence for borrowing
holo 5.66 the bean 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’artupeli 5.7 the potato 1. clearly borrowed
piq 5.71 the fruit 1. clearly borrowed
piq ( Avar )
č’ap’ 5.712 the bunch 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’odo 5.76 the grape 5. no evidence for borrowing
heƛe 5.77 the nut 5. no evidence for borrowing
zeti 5.79 the oil 1. clearly borrowed
coco 5.791 the grease or fat 5. no evidence for borrowing
cã (2) 5.81 the salt 5. no evidence for borrowing
p’ilp’il 5.82 the pepper 1. clearly borrowed
< pilpil ( Persian )
istiʔoƛ 5.821 the chili pepper 1. clearly borrowed
c’ic’ak’a 5.821 the chili pepper 1. clearly borrowed
nuco 5.84 the honey 5. no evidence for borrowing
čakar 5.85 the sugar 1. clearly borrowed
čakar ( Avar )
< šakar ( Persian )
hĩ 5.86 the milk 5. no evidence for borrowing
täƛe- 5.87 to milk 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’ima 5.88 the cheese 5. no evidence for borrowing
toto 5.89 the butter 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬi 5.9 the drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣino 5.92 the wine 1. clearly borrowed
piwo 5.93 the beer 1. clearly borrowed
č’aɣa 5.94 the fermented drink 1. clearly borrowed
c’emuc’ 5.97 the egg 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’uddo c’emuc’ 5.971 the yolk 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬic’e- 6.11 to put on 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬic’o 6.12 the clothing or clothes 5. no evidence for borrowing
-äᵑqelagi 6.13 the tailor 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣeč’i 6.21 the cloth 5. no evidence for borrowing
šal 6.22 the wool 1. clearly borrowed
šal ( Avar )
< šāl ( Persian )
ɬūᵑs ɣeč’i 6.22 the wool 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’ilo 6.23 the linen 1. clearly borrowed
bamba 6.24 the cotton 1. clearly borrowed
< pambe ( Persian )
däräy 6.25 the silk 1. clearly borrowed
daray ( Avar )
kiz 6.27 the felt 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’ī 6.27 the felt 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬüᵑ 6.28 the fur 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣäše 6.29 the leather 5. no evidence for borrowing
yöxöš yow- 6.31 to spin 5. no evidence for borrowing
ãq’ 6.32 the spindle 5. no evidence for borrowing
därɣi 6.34 the loom 3. perhaps borrowed
maq’o (2) 6.34 the loom 5. no evidence for borrowing
-äᵑqe- 6.35 to sew 5. no evidence for borrowing
näp’či 6.36 the needle(1) 2. probably borrowed
emo 6.37 the awl 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’ihmat 6.38 the thread 5. no evidence for borrowing
tüšöl- 6.39 to dye 5. no evidence for borrowing
palaš 6.41 the cloak 1. clearly borrowed
kunta 6.42 the (woman's) dress 5. no evidence for borrowing
p’alt’o 6.43 the coat 1. clearly borrowed
muxun 6.44 the shirt 5. no evidence for borrowing
boɬo 6.45 the collar 5. no evidence for borrowing
yupka 6.46 the skirt 1. clearly borrowed
xiƛo 6.48 the trousers 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’inda 6.49 the sock or stocking 1. clearly borrowed
naski 6.49 the sock or stocking 1. clearly borrowed
halaɬco 6.51 the shoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
batink’a 6.52 the boot 1. clearly borrowed
halaɬcolāq 6.54 the shoemaker 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’aq’alo 6.55 the hat or cap 5. no evidence for borrowing
tic’iyo 6.57 the belt 5. no evidence for borrowing
kosa 6.58 the glove 5. no evidence for borrowing
kisa 6.61 the pocket 1. clearly borrowed
kisa ( Avar )
< kīs ( Arabic )
t’uruci 6.62 the button 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’irk’ošk’a 6.63 the pin 5. no evidence for borrowing
naq’iš 6.71 the ornament or adornment 1. clearly borrowed
< naqš ( Arabic )
k’iso 6.71 the ornament or adornment 5. no evidence for borrowing
č’ühi 6.71 the ornament or adornment 1. clearly borrowed
žawhar 6.72 the jewel 1. clearly borrowed
< jawhar ( Arabic )
yaq’ut 6.72 the jewel 1. clearly borrowed
< yāqūt ( Arabic )
k’öyyä 6.73 the ring 5. no evidence for borrowing
äᵑgä 6.74 the bracelet 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣalɣači 6.75 the necklace 5. no evidence for borrowing
kakamadi 6.75 the necklace 5. no evidence for borrowing
aboc 6.76 the bead 5. no evidence for borrowing
äᵑɣäläɬčö 6.77 the earring 5. no evidence for borrowing
xidalaƛko čürɣän 6.81 the handkerchief or rag 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’ilo 6.82 the towel 1. clearly borrowed
palatenca 6.82 the towel 1. clearly borrowed
heƛo 6.91 the comb 5. no evidence for borrowing
šotka 6.92 the brush 1. clearly borrowed
miɣlat’o 6.921 the plait/braid 5. no evidence for borrowing
babliƛ’ako c’it’ 6.93 the razor 5. no evidence for borrowing
mazi 6.94 the ointment 1. clearly borrowed
sap’uni 6.95 the soap 1. clearly borrowed
c’ika 6.96 the mirror 2. probably borrowed
ömrö b-ow- 7.11 to live 5. no evidence for borrowing
biƛo 7.12 the house 5. no evidence for borrowing
koxi 7.13 the hut 1. clearly borrowed
it’ino biƛo 7.131 the garden-house 5. no evidence for borrowing
čadir 7.14 the tent 1. clearly borrowed
čadir ( Avar )
bež 7.15 the yard or court 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuxna 7.17 the cookhouse 1. clearly borrowed
mažlislis biƛo 7.18 the meeting house 5. no evidence for borrowing
biƛo 7.21 the room 5. no evidence for borrowing
otaxi 7.21 the room 1. clearly borrowed
ãc (1) 7.22 the door or gate 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaw 7.22 the door or gate 1. clearly borrowed
kaw ( Avar )
< kapu ( Turkic )
rähäy 7.23 the lock 1. clearly borrowed
raħay ( Avar )
zat’uri 7.231 the latch or door-bolt 1. clearly borrowed
< zatvor ( Russian )
yiga 7.24 the key 5. no evidence for borrowing
žüɣ 7.25 the window 5. no evidence for borrowing
müžö 7.26 the floor 5. no evidence for borrowing
pol 7.26 the floor 1. clearly borrowed
pol ( Russian )
yõso 7.27 the wall 5. no evidence for borrowing
axa-c’o 7.31 the fireplace 5. no evidence for borrowing
peč 7.32 the stove 1. clearly borrowed
buxari 7.33 the chimney 1. clearly borrowed
buxari ( Avar )
k’ado 7.37 the ladder 5. no evidence for borrowing
karawat 7.42 the bed 1. clearly borrowed
sast’uli 7.421 the pillow 1. clearly borrowed
yorɣan 7.422 the blanket 1. clearly borrowed
< yorɣan ( Turkic )
adiyal 7.422 the blanket 1. clearly borrowed
q’ō 7.43 the chair 5. no evidence for borrowing
ist’oli 7.44 the table 1. clearly borrowed
< stol ( Russian )
lampa 7.45 the lamp or torch 1. clearly borrowed
panar 7.45 the lamp or torch 1. clearly borrowed
santeli 7.46 the candle 1. clearly borrowed
ãco 7.47 the shelf 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’amo 7.51 the roof 5. no evidence for borrowing
čälǟš ƛ’amo 7.52 the thatch 5. no evidence for borrowing
meta 7.53 the ridgepole 5. no evidence for borrowing
istapil 7.54 the rafter 1. clearly borrowed
k’awi 7.54 the rafter 1. clearly borrowed
q’äč’ä 7.55 the beam 5. no evidence for borrowing
yĩza 7.55 the beam 5. no evidence for borrowing
hem 7.56 the post or pole 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’olba 7.56 the post or pole 1. clearly borrowed
< stolb ( Russian )
ƛ’oƛ’ƛ’o 7.57 the board 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’amur 7.58 the arch 1. clearly borrowed
yõsoqan 7.61 the mason 5. no evidence for borrowing
aguri 7.62 the brick 1. clearly borrowed
aguri ( Avar )
kirpič 7.62 the brick 1. clearly borrowed
kiraz 7.63 the mortar(2) 1. clearly borrowed
kiraž ( Avar )
< kiräč ( Turkic )
permer 8.11 the farmer 1. clearly borrowed
mäče 8.12 the field 5. no evidence for borrowing
baɣi 8.13 the garden 1. clearly borrowed
< baɣ ( Turkic )
boƛo- 8.15 to cultivate 5. no evidence for borrowing
kalo 8.16 the fence 5. no evidence for borrowing
kanaw 8.17 the ditch 1. clearly borrowed
yühi 8.17 the ditch 5. no evidence for borrowing
boƛo- 8.21 to plough/plow 5. no evidence for borrowing
boƛoʔos 8.212 the furrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
čäxrö 8.212 the furrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
-äq- 8.22 to dig 5. no evidence for borrowing
äkö 8.23 the spade 5. no evidence for borrowing
it’ino äkö 8.24 the shovel 5. no evidence for borrowing
toqi 8.25 the hoe 1. clearly borrowed
boza 8.25 the hoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
sino 8.26 the fork(2)/pitchfork 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛaxmadi 8.27 the rake 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ĩze- 8.31 to sow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ĩzo 8.311 the seed 5. no evidence for borrowing
-aɣoɣ- 8.32 to mow 5. no evidence for borrowing
yöxič’ 8.33 the sickle or scythe 5. no evidence for borrowing
xaračin 8.33 the sickle or scythe 1. clearly borrowed
yal yol- 8.34 to thresh 5. no evidence for borrowing
ãc (2) 8.35 the threshing-floor 5. no evidence for borrowing
müq’ö-box 8.41 the harvest 5. no evidence for borrowing
müq’ö 8.42 the grain 5. no evidence for borrowing
qibo 8.43 the wheat 5. no evidence for borrowing
õx 8.44 the barley 5. no evidence for borrowing
hiz 8.45 the rye 5. no evidence for borrowing
č’öq’in 8.45 the rye 5. no evidence for borrowing
suz 8.46 the oats 5. no evidence for borrowing
simindi 8.47 the maize/corn 1. clearly borrowed
birinži 8.48 the rice 1. clearly borrowed
< berenj ( Persian )
box 8.51 the grass 5. no evidence for borrowing
box 8.52 the hay 5. no evidence for borrowing
box 8.53 the plant 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ĩze- 8.531 to plant 5. no evidence for borrowing
xemux 8.54 the root 5. no evidence for borrowing
äle 8.55 the branch 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛibo 8.56 the leaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
diʔi 8.57 the flower 5. no evidence for borrowing
xöxö 8.6 the tree 5. no evidence for borrowing
niɣe 8.61 the oak 5. no evidence for borrowing
pipe 8.62 the beech 5. no evidence for borrowing
miye 8.63 the birch 5. no evidence for borrowing
niqeš xöxö 8.64 the pine 5. no evidence for borrowing
niɣe 8.66 the acorn 5. no evidence for borrowing
xewani 8.67 the vine 1. clearly borrowed
tammako 8.68 the tobacco 1. clearly borrowed
-öƛ- 8.69 to smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
müštük’ 8.691 the pipe 1. clearly borrowed
zude 8.72 the tree stump 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’uƛƛo 8.74 the forked branch 5. no evidence for borrowing
beš 8.75 the bark 5. no evidence for borrowing
yicalo 8.75 the bark 5. no evidence for borrowing
qal 8.75 the bark 1. clearly borrowed
qal ( Avar )
ɬi 8.76 the sap 5. no evidence for borrowing
banan 8.84 the banana 1. clearly borrowed
leɣi 8.85 the banyan 1. clearly borrowed
t’ugo 8.911 the millet or sorghum 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’abax 8.931 the pumpkin or squash 1. clearly borrowed
qabaq ( Avar )
< qabaq ( Turkic )
mic (2) 8.97 the nettle 5. no evidence for borrowing
zok’o 8.98 the mushroom 1. clearly borrowed
q’art’a 8.996 the cone 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ow- 9.11 to do 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ow- 9.111 to make 5. no evidence for borrowing
hält’i 9.12 the work 1. clearly borrowed
-üq’- 9.14 to bend 5. no evidence for borrowing
-õso- 9.15 to fold 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ĩco- 9.16 to tie 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ãk- 9.161 to untie 5. no evidence for borrowing
raxas 9.18 the chain 1. clearly borrowed
raxas ( Avar )
räč’ö 9.18 the chain 2. probably borrowed
k’ihmat 9.19 the rope 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’ic 9.192 the knot 5. no evidence for borrowing
-äƛ’el- 9.21 to strike or hit or beat 5. no evidence for borrowing
zuk’- 9.21 to strike or hit or beat 5. no evidence for borrowing
-üč’- 9.22 to cut 5. no evidence for borrowing
-üč’- 9.222 to chop 5. no evidence for borrowing
xäƛe- 9.223 to stab 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’it’ 9.23 the knife(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
yüč’dänä 9.24 the scissors or shears 5. no evidence for borrowing
õg 9.25 the axe/ax 5. no evidence for borrowing
-išel- 9.26 to break 5. no evidence for borrowing
-išeyo 9.261 broken 5. no evidence for borrowing
-išel- 9.27 to split 5. no evidence for borrowing
-äxel- 9.28 to tear 5. no evidence for borrowing
beš baɣo- 9.29 to skin 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’uq’o- 9.31 to rub 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’isa- 9.32 to stretch 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’isa- 9.33 to pull 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’ibit’izi -ow- 9.34 to spread out 1. clearly borrowed
-oxol- 9.341 to hang up 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’azi -ow- 9.342 to press 1. clearly borrowed
t’uco- 9.343 to squeeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
git’- 9.35 to pour 5. no evidence for borrowing
niza- 9.36 to wash 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬäƛo- 9.37 to sweep 5. no evidence for borrowing
müš 9.38 the broom 5. no evidence for borrowing
alat 9.422 the tool 1. clearly borrowed
alat ( Avar )
< ’āla ( Arabic )
wanas ustar 9.43 the carpenter 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ow- 9.44 to build 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ähk’- 9.46 to bore 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ähk’- 9.461 to hollow out 5. no evidence for borrowing
xoyɣo 9.48 the saw 2. probably borrowed
t’öʔä 9.49 the hammer 5. no evidence for borrowing
muq’o 9.5 the nail 5. no evidence for borrowing
keley 9.56 the glue 1. clearly borrowed
q’ebed 9.6 the blacksmith 1. clearly borrowed
q’ō 9.62 the anvil 5. no evidence for borrowing
mesed 9.64 the gold 1. clearly borrowed
mesed ( Avar )
okko 9.65 the silver 1. clearly borrowed
yez 9.66 the copper 1. clearly borrowed
rez ( Avar )
< yez ( Turkic )
mazgar 9.66 the copper 3. perhaps borrowed
kil 9.67 the iron 5. no evidence for borrowing
kobo 9.68 the lead 5. no evidence for borrowing
mizo 9.73 the clay 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’ika 9.74 the glass 2. probably borrowed
ked 9.76 the basket 5. no evidence for borrowing
bek’e 9.771 the rug 5. no evidence for borrowing
sumka 9.78 the netbag 1. clearly borrowed
haboy 9.79 the fan 5. no evidence for borrowing
zaƛo yow- 9.791 to fan 5. no evidence for borrowing
muq’ 9.84 the chisel 5. no evidence for borrowing
karaska 9.88 the paint 1. clearly borrowed
tüšöl- 9.89 to paint 5. no evidence for borrowing
čarx 9.93 the whetstone 1. clearly borrowed
čarx ( Avar )
baɣarzi -ow- 10.11 to move 1. clearly borrowed
k’äy -üᵑxöl- 10.12 to turn 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’äy -üᵑxö- 10.13 to turn around 5. no evidence for borrowing
šöšö- 10.14 to wrap 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’äyƛöl- 10.15 to roll 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’äyƛöl- 10.17 to twist 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoʔoƛ’ak- 10.21 to rise 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’oddāk- 10.21 to rise 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoʔoƛ’ak’- 10.22 to raise or lift 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’oddāk’- 10.22 to raise or lift 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ek- 10.23 to fall 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’ut’- 10.25 to throw 5. no evidence for borrowing
-iƛ’e- 10.25 to throw 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ox- 10.252 to catch 5. no evidence for borrowing
zurqurzi -ow- 10.26 to shake 1. clearly borrowed
ɣirƛol- 10.26 to shake 5. no evidence for borrowing
zuk’-zak’- 10.26 to shake 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣanq’izi -aq- 10.33 to sink 1. clearly borrowed
ẽxe yaɣo- 10.34 to float 5. no evidence for borrowing
ẽxeƛ’alƛ’ā -ẽƛ’e- 10.35 to swim 5. no evidence for borrowing
ẽxeʔ -ogic’- 10.351 to dive 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’äč -ẽƛ’e- 10.351 to dive 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’äčäri -ečel- 10.352 to splash 5. no evidence for borrowing
hawalƛ’a -ogic’ 10.37 to fly 5. no evidence for borrowing
püƛö- 10.38 to blow 5. no evidence for borrowing
-aɣola- 10.41 to crawl 5. no evidence for borrowing
micnāƛ’a -ece- 10.412 to kneel 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɣuɣluƛ’a -ece- 10.413 to crouch 5. no evidence for borrowing
xix t’ot’o- 10.42 to slide or slip 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ogic’- 10.43 to jump 5. no evidence for borrowing
xäbä -äƛ’el- 10.431 to kick 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬiso yow- 10.44 to dance 5. no evidence for borrowing
läqdä- 10.451 to limp 5. no evidence for borrowing
č’anaɣo- 10.46 to run 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ẽƛ’e- 10.47 to go 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’oddã -ẽƛ’e- 10.471 to go up 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’oddã -aɣol- 10.472 to climb 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛiyodā -ẽƛ’e- 10.473 to go down 5. no evidence for borrowing
gisak- 10.474 to go out 5. no evidence for borrowing
-õq”o- 10.48 to come 5. no evidence for borrowing
gow- 10.48 to come 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’ǟ gow- 10.481 to come back 5. no evidence for borrowing
-öčö- 10.49 to leave 5. no evidence for borrowing
-oʔ- 10.491 to disappear 5. no evidence for borrowing
pixi yaɣo- 10.51 to flee 5. no evidence for borrowing
müɣäƛ -ẽƛ’e- 10.52 to follow 5. no evidence for borrowing
müɣäƛ -ece- 10.53 to pursue 5. no evidence for borrowing
-õq’o- 10.55 to arrive 5. no evidence for borrowing
hicak- 10.56 to approach 5. no evidence for borrowing
ẽdok- 10.57 to enter 5. no evidence for borrowing
-eze- 10.61 to carry 5. no evidence for borrowing
-aq- (1) 10.62 to bring 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ẽye- 10.63 to send 5. no evidence for borrowing
-eze- 10.64 to lead 5. no evidence for borrowing
zis toql- 10.67 to push 5. no evidence for borrowing
hino 10.71 the road 5. no evidence for borrowing
bilik’i 10.72 the path 1. clearly borrowed
t’iyo 10.74 the bridge 5. no evidence for borrowing
urumi 10.75 the cart or wagon 1. clearly borrowed
örrä 10.76 the wheel 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’obala 10.77 the axle 1. clearly borrowed
yuƛ’o 10.78 the yoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
kox 10.79 the sledge/sled 5. no evidence for borrowing
gama 10.81 the ship 1. clearly borrowed
gama ( Avar )
< gami ( Turkic )
nawi 10.83 the boat 1. clearly borrowed
äkö 10.85 the oar 5. no evidence for borrowing
äkö 10.851 the paddle 5. no evidence for borrowing
rul 10.86 the rudder 1. clearly borrowed
port 10.91 the port 1. clearly borrowed
räʔälliƛ’a -ečel- 10.92 to land 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ökči- 11.13 to take 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ox- 11.14 to grasp 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ox- 11.15 to hold 5. no evidence for borrowing
-īqo- 11.16 to get 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’umi -ow- 11.17 to keep 1. clearly borrowed
žö 11.18 the thing 5. no evidence for borrowing
niƛ- 11.21 to give 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’ǟ niƛ- 11.22 to give back 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’umi -ow- 11.24 to preserve 1. clearly borrowed
xasar -ow- 11.25 to rescue 5. no evidence for borrowing
-uɣol- 11.27 to destroy 5. no evidence for borrowing
zaral -ow- 11.28 to injure 5. no evidence for borrowing
zaral -ow- 11.29 to damage 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ĩz- 11.31 to look for 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ĩqo- (1) 11.32 to find 5. no evidence for borrowing
-oʔl- 11.33 to lose 5. no evidence for borrowing
-eccak’- 11.34 to let go 5. no evidence for borrowing
okko 11.43 the money 1. clearly borrowed
kilos okko 11.44 the coin 5. no evidence for borrowing
bečedab 11.51 rich 1. clearly borrowed
miskinab 11.52 poor 1. clearly borrowed
< miskīn ( Arabic )
ok’dagi 11.53 the beggar 5. no evidence for borrowing
miskin 11.53 the beggar 1. clearly borrowed
miskin ( Avar )
< miskīn ( Arabic )
paq’ir 11.53 the beggar 1. clearly borrowed
< faqīr ( Arabic )
baxilab 11.54 stingy 1. clearly borrowed
< baxīl ( Arabic )
q’arza niƛ- 11.61 to lend 5. no evidence for borrowing
yoc’ol niƛ- 11.61 to lend 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’arza -ok’- 11.62 to borrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
yoc’ol -ok’- 11.62 to borrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
niƛal nuc’os 11.63 to owe 5. no evidence for borrowing
nahɬi 11.64 the debt 1. clearly borrowed
nahɬi ( Avar )
niƛ- 11.65 to pay 5. no evidence for borrowing
hisab 11.66 the bill 1. clearly borrowed
ħisab ( Avar )
< ħisāb ( Arabic )
nalog 11.69 the tax 1. clearly borrowed
ɬoɬil -ok’ 11.77 to hire 5. no evidence for borrowing
xarž 11.78 the wages 1. clearly borrowed
xarž ( Avar )
< xarj ( Turkic )
okko -ow- 11.79 to earn 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ox- 11.81 to buy 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ĩso- 11.82 to sell 5. no evidence for borrowing
xüžö- 11.83 to trade or barter 5. no evidence for borrowing
kupec 11.84 the merchant 1. clearly borrowed
bazargan 11.84 the merchant 1. clearly borrowed
bazay 11.85 the market 1. clearly borrowed
bazar ( Avar )
< bazar ( Turkic )
koparat 11.86 the shop/store 1. clearly borrowed
magazin 11.86 the shop/store 1. clearly borrowed
< magasin ( French )
baha 11.87 the price 1. clearly borrowed
baha ( Avar )
< bahā ( Persian )
xirayab 11.88 expensive 1. clearly borrowed
pihayab 11.89 cheap 1. clearly borrowed
učuzab 11.89 cheap 1. clearly borrowed
-it’- 11.91 to share 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ãsa- 11.92 to weigh 5. no evidence for borrowing
beta 12.01 after 5. no evidence for borrowing
müɣäƛ 12.011 behind 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ʔ 12.012 in 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ɣa 12.013 at 5. no evidence for borrowing
-doy 12.02 beside 5. no evidence for borrowing
šeblaʔ 12.02 beside 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛiyo 12.03 down 5. no evidence for borrowing
äᵑydā 12.04 before 5. no evidence for borrowing
äᵑydǟ 12.041 in front of 5. no evidence for borrowing
ẽdo 12.05 inside 5. no evidence for borrowing
gisa 12.06 outside 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛiyo 12.07 under 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’odo 12.08 up 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ƛ’a 12.081 above 5. no evidence for borrowing
ƛ’odo 12.081 above 5. no evidence for borrowing
mäče 12.11 the place 5. no evidence for borrowing
mak’a 12.11 the place 5. no evidence for borrowing