Manange Vocabulary

by Kristine Hildebrandt

The vocabulary contains 1124 meaning-word pairs from the recipient language Manange . The corresponding text chapter was published in the book "Loanwords in the World's Languages". The language page Manange contains a list of all loanwords arranged by donor languoid.

The word is given in the usual orthography or transcription, and in the usual citation form.

Click on a word to get even more information than is shown in this table.

The Loanword Typology code is the identifier of the Loanword Typology meaning. Sorting by LWT Code sorts the words thematically by semantic field.
This column shows the labels of the Loanword Typology meanings. By clicking on a meaning label, you get more information about the meaning, as well as a list of all words that are counterparts of that meaning.

There are five borrowed statuses, reflecting decreasing likelihood that the word is a loanword:

  1. clearly borrowed
  2. probably borrowed
  3. perhaps borrowed
  4. very little evidence for borrowing
  5. no evidence for borrowing
This is the time period during which the word is hypothesized to have come into the language as a loanword, or during which it is first attested, or for which it can be reconstructed.
This gives the usual written form for languages that do not use the Latin script.
For (possible) loanwords, this column shows the words in the source languages that served as models.
Word LWT Code Meaning Borrowed Status Source Words
[help] [help] [help] [help] [help]
tzomliŋ 1.1 the world 5. no evidence for borrowing
1sʌ (1) 1.21 the land 5. no evidence for borrowing
4pʰɾa 1.213 the dust 5. no evidence for borrowing
tela 1.214 the mud 5. no evidence for borrowing
pjuma 1.215 the sand 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kaŋ 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing
pokto 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing
4pʰra 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing
pʰra 1.222 the cliff or precipice 5. no evidence for borrowing
kjuŋ 1.23 the plain 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃoŋ 1.24 the valley 5. no evidence for borrowing
kjamtso naŋ sʌliŋ 1.25 the island 5. no evidence for borrowing
1sʌ tsʰe 1.26 the mainland 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kju tsʰe 1.27 the shore 5. no evidence for borrowing
2u 1.28 the cave 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kju 1.31 the water 5. no evidence for borrowing
samundra 1.32 the sea 1. clearly borrowed
2kju 1a-tsaŋ-pʌ 1mo 1mu 1.324 the foam 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kju 1tsʰo 1.33 the lake 5. no evidence for borrowing
kjamtso kʰʌ 1.34 the bay 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kju aloŋ 1.352 the tide 5. no evidence for borrowing
aloŋ 1kʰʌ 1.354 the high tide 5. no evidence for borrowing
maʃaŋ 2kju 1.36 the river or stream 5. no evidence for borrowing
inʌr 1.37 the spring or well 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kjumi 1.37 the spring or well 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tsʰo (1) 1.38 the swamp 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kju tsʰara 1.39 the waterfall 1. clearly borrowed
3na 2huŋ 1.41 the woods or forest 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ʃiŋ 1.43 the wood 5. no evidence for borrowing
2juŋpe 4pʰra 1.44 the stone or rock 5. no evidence for borrowing
1suŋkul 1.45 the earthquake 5. no evidence for borrowing
3mo 1.51 the sky 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tiŋi 1.52 the sun 5. no evidence for borrowing
3liŋi 1.53 the moon 5. no evidence for borrowing
2sʌɾ 1.54 the star 5. no evidence for borrowing
tipli 1kʰʌ 1.55 the lightning 3. perhaps borrowed
3mo putul njut-si 1.56 the thunder 5. no evidence for borrowing
labul 1kʰʌ-tsi 1.58 the storm 5. no evidence for borrowing
3mo tʌʃʌr 4ju 1.58 the storm 5. no evidence for borrowing
4ʃʌ 1.59 the rainbow 5. no evidence for borrowing
toŋ sol-pʌ 1.61 the light 5. no evidence for borrowing
2mona 1mo 1mu 1.62 the darkness 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kʰɾihʌ 1.63 the shade or shadow 5. no evidence for borrowing
pʌmʌ 1.64 the dew 5. no evidence for borrowing
toŋ 1.64 the dew 5. no evidence for borrowing
lapa 1.71 the air 5. no evidence for borrowing
4lo 1.72 the wind 5. no evidence for borrowing
mukpʌ 1.73 the cloud 5. no evidence for borrowing
mukpʌ 1.74 the fog 5. no evidence for borrowing
3mo 1.75 the rain 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kʰiŋ 1.76 the snow 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʌŋkjaŋ 1.77 the ice 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʰja (2) 1.775 to freeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
mewsʌm 1.78 the weather 1. clearly borrowed
1mje (1) 1.81 the fire 5. no evidence for borrowing
3luŋmʌ 1.82 the flame 5. no evidence for borrowing
1mjukju 1.83 the smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
4mjepʰɾa 1.84 the ash 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃoŋto 1.841 the embers 5. no evidence for borrowing
1mje pʰu 1.851 to burn(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
2mɾẽ 1.852 to burn(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
4mje pʰu 1.86 to light 5. no evidence for borrowing
3luŋma 1a-pĩ 1.861 to extinguish 5. no evidence for borrowing
miʃʌr 1.87 the match 3. perhaps borrowed
2ʃiŋ 1.88 the firewood 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃoŋto 1.89 the charcoal 5. no evidence for borrowing
2mi (1) 2.1 the person 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰo (2mi) 2.21 the man 5. no evidence for borrowing
3mʷo (2mi) 2.22 the woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰo (2mi) 2.23 male(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
3mʷo (2mi) 2.24 female(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
1atʃuŋ 2.25 the boy 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pjuŋ 2.251 the young man 5. no evidence for borrowing
1aŋje 2.26 the girl 5. no evidence for borrowing
1mɾiŋ 2.261 the young woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kola 2.27 the child(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
tsʌ 2.28 the baby 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰʌ 2.31 the husband 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pje 2.32 the wife 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tsaŋ 1tsʰaŋ 2.33 to marry 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tsaŋ1tsʰaŋ-pʌ 2.34 the wedding 5. no evidence for borrowing
pʰra mi 2.341 the divorce 5. no evidence for borrowing
1apʌ 2.35 the father 5. no evidence for borrowing
2amʌ 2.36 the mother 5. no evidence for borrowing
1apʌ 2amʌ 2.37 the parents 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tsʌ 2.41 the son 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tsame 2.42 the daughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kola 2.43 the child(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
1atʌ 2.444 the older brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
1atʃuŋ 2.445 the younger brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
1anʌ 2.454 the older sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʃampʌ 2.455 the younger sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
1akʰe 2.46 the grandfather 5. no evidence for borrowing
1aku 2.461 the old man 3. perhaps borrowed
4mẽ 2.47 the grandmother 5. no evidence for borrowing
4mẽ kʰuju 2.471 the old woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʷeme 2.48 the grandson 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʷemi 2.49 the granddaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
aʃaŋ 2.511 the mother's brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
1aptʰjʌpʌ 2.512 the father's brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
amtʰjʌpʌ 2.521 the mother's sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
1aŋi 2.522 the father's sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
1anolʌtsa 2.53 the nephew 5. no evidence for borrowing
1anolʌtsami 2.54 the niece 5. no evidence for borrowing
2mome 2.56 the ancestors 5. no evidence for borrowing
1aku 2.61 the father-in-law (of a man) 3. perhaps borrowed
1aku 2.611 the father-in-law (of a woman) 3. perhaps borrowed
1aŋi 2.62 the mother-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
1aŋi 2.621 the mother-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ma 2.63 the son-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ma 2.631 the son-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tsaŋ 2.64 the daughter-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tsaŋ 2.641 the daughter-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
1aku 2.6412 the sibling-in-law 3. perhaps borrowed
1aku 2.71 the stepfather 3. perhaps borrowed
1aŋi 2.72 the stepmother 5. no evidence for borrowing
3naraŋ 1ale=ko 2.73 the stepson 5. no evidence for borrowing
3naraŋ 2tsame=ko 2.74 the stepdaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
1apo 1amo 1a-rʌ-pʌ 1kola 2.75 the orphan 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰʌ 1a-rʌ-pʌ 2.76 the widow 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pje 1a-rʌ-pʌ 2.77 the widower 5. no evidence for borrowing
2mome 2.81 the relatives 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʰẽ (2) 2.81 the relatives 5. no evidence for borrowing
pʰope 2.82 the family 5. no evidence for borrowing
pʌriwʌr 2.82 the family 1. clearly borrowed
1ŋʌ 2.91 I 5. no evidence for borrowing
3kjʌ 2.92 you (singular) 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kʰi (1) 2.93 he/she/it 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kʰi (1) 2.931 he 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kʰi (1) 2.932 she 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kʰi (1) 2.933 it 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ŋjaŋ 2.94 we 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ŋjaŋ (2tsʰaraŋ) 2.941 we (inclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ŋi 2.942 we (exclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kimi 2.95 you (plural) 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kʰimi 2.96 they 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃita 3.11 the animal 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰo (1) 3.12 male(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
3mʷo 3.13 female(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʰeta 4kʰju 3.15 the livestock 5. no evidence for borrowing
kotʰa 3.16 the pasture 1. clearly borrowed
kʰeta tsʰo 3mi=ko 3.18 the herdsman 5. no evidence for borrowing
toŋkori kʰeta 3.19 the stable or stall 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʌŋti 3.19 the stable or stall 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʰeta 3.2 the cattle 5. no evidence for borrowing
4mjekje 3.21 the bull 5. no evidence for borrowing
4mjekje 3.22 the ox 5. no evidence for borrowing
4mje 3.23 the cow 5. no evidence for borrowing
4mje 1tsʌtsʌ 3.24 the calf 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kʰju 3.25 the sheep 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kʰju 1pʰo 3.26 the ram 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kʰju 3mʷo 3.28 the ewe 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kʰju 1tsʌtsʌ 3.29 the lamb 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tʰa 1suŋkur 3.35 the pig 2. probably borrowed
1ʂʌ 3.36 the goat 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʂʌ 1pʰo 3.37 the he-goat 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʂʌ 1tsʌtsʌ 3.38 the kid 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʌ 3.41 the horse 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʌ pʰorta 3.42 the stallion 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʌ 3mʷo 3.44 the mare 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʌ 1tsʌtsʌ 3.45 the foal or colt 5. no evidence for borrowing
puŋku 3.46 the donkey 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʌte 3.47 the mule 5. no evidence for borrowing
2naka 3.5 the fowl 5. no evidence for borrowing
(2naka) 4pʰale 3.52 the cock/rooster 2. probably borrowed
2naka 3.54 the hen 5. no evidence for borrowing
2naka 3.55 the chicken 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tʃʰupi 3.56 the goose 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tʃʰupi 3.57 the duck 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tsaŋ 3.58 the nest 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ŋima (1) 3.581 the bird 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʃepkjel 3.584 the eagle 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋa 2tʃepkjel 3.585 the hawk 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃoloŋ 3.586 the vulture 5. no evidence for borrowing
pʰopʌŋ 1ŋimʌ 3.591 the bat 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋjetse 1ŋima 3.592 the parrot 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ate proŋko 3.593 the crow 5. no evidence for borrowing
1poro 3.594 the dove 1. clearly borrowed
ukpʌ 3.596 the owl 5. no evidence for borrowing
1nʌkju 3.61 the dog 5. no evidence for borrowing
1rupuŋ 3.614 the rabbit 5. no evidence for borrowing
1nokʌr 3.62 the cat 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ŋimu 3.63 the mouse or rat 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʌrŋe 3.65 the fish 5. no evidence for borrowing
1mẽ 3.652 the fin 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ŋima 3.654 the gill 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tuŋ 3.655 the shell 5. no evidence for borrowing
pum 2tarŋʌ 3.665 the freshwater eel 1. clearly borrowed
1ʃeli 3.71 the wolf 1. clearly borrowed
1siŋhi ~ 1siŋi 3.72 the lion 1. clearly borrowed
4tokoŋ, 4toŋe 3.73 the bear 5. no evidence for borrowing
2taŋku 3.74 the fox 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pho 3.75 the deer 5. no evidence for borrowing
1timu 3.76 the monkey 5. no evidence for borrowing
laŋʃe 3.77 the elephant 5. no evidence for borrowing
3puluŋ 3.81 the insect 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ʃe 3.811 the head louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ʃe 3.8112 the body louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
likʰa 3.812 the nit 1. clearly borrowed
2taŋi 3.813 the flea 5. no evidence for borrowing
mjʌ tene atʌ 3.814 the centipede 5. no evidence for borrowing
saŋlo 3.816 the cockroach 1. clearly borrowed
1nokro 3.817 the ant 5. no evidence for borrowing
4pʰoli 3.818 the spider 5. no evidence for borrowing
4pʰoli 3tsaŋ 3.819 the spider web 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kʷʰe 2napraŋ 3.82 the bee 5. no evidence for borrowing
kjʌlaŋ 3.821 the beeswax 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kʷʰe 2napraŋ 3tsaŋ 3.822 the beehive 5. no evidence for borrowing
atsiŋkʌt 3.823 the wasp 5. no evidence for borrowing
2napraŋ 3.83 the fly 5. no evidence for borrowing
kutti ~ lamkutti 3.832 the mosquito 1. clearly borrowed
napli 3.84 the worm 5. no evidence for borrowing
2pukri 3.85 the snake 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ʃiŋ 3tuŋ 1ŋimu 3.869 the squirrel 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ʃiŋ 3tuŋ 1nokʌr 3.869 the squirrel 5. no evidence for borrowing
1mʌji 3.917 the buffalo 3. perhaps borrowed
1pʰjaŋ puli 3.92 the butterfly 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʰimja 3.93 the grasshopper 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tuŋ 3puluŋ 3.94 the snail 5. no evidence for borrowing
kakri 3puluŋ 3.94 the snail 5. no evidence for borrowing
4pʰolpʌ 3.95 the frog 5. no evidence for borrowing
4pʰra 1tikja 3.96 the lizard 5. no evidence for borrowing
1gohi 3.97 the crocodile or alligator 1. clearly borrowed
gohi ( Nepali )
ʂupʌl 3.98 the turtle 4. very little evidence for borrowing
3sup 4.11 the body 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ʈi 4.12 the skin or hide 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʃʌ (1) 4.13 the flesh 5. no evidence for borrowing
1krʌ 4.14 the hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kʰe 4.142 the beard 5. no evidence for borrowing
3sup 2mʷi 4.144 the body hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
3naŋ 2mʷi=ko 4.145 the pubic hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ka 4.15 the blood 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tse 4.151 the vein or artery 5. no evidence for borrowing
2nokrẽ 4.16 the bone 5. no evidence for borrowing
(ŋoŋtse) 1krẽ 2nokrẽ 4.162 the rib 3. perhaps borrowed
4ʂu 4.17 the horn 5. no evidence for borrowing
1mẽ 4.18 the tail 5. no evidence for borrowing
3supʌ 2litse 4.19 the back 5. no evidence for borrowing
2li-tse 2nokrẽ 4.191 the spine 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰakli 4.2 the head 5. no evidence for borrowing
neti 4.201 the temples 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʃakre 4.203 the brain 1. clearly borrowed
2li (1) 4.204 the face 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ŋokɾoŋ 4.205 the forehead 5. no evidence for borrowing
3krʌmʌ 4.207 the jaw 5. no evidence for borrowing
3krʌmʌ 4.208 the cheek 5. no evidence for borrowing
1konta ~ 1kʌnta 4.209 the chin 5. no evidence for borrowing
2mi (2) 4.21 the eye 5. no evidence for borrowing
2mi 2mitsʰe 4.212 the eyebrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
2mi 2pʰi 4.213 the eyelid 5. no evidence for borrowing
2mi 2mitsʰe 4.214 the eyelash 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃipli tʃipli 4.215 to blink 3. perhaps borrowed
1ŋima 4.22 the ear 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ŋjemʌŋ te 4.221 the earlobe 5. no evidence for borrowing
niki 4.222 the earwax 5. no evidence for borrowing
1nʌ 4.23 the nose 5. no evidence for borrowing
1nʌkʰuŋ 4.231 the nostril 5. no evidence for borrowing
3na 4.232 the nasal mucus 5. no evidence for borrowing
1suŋ 4.24 the mouth 5. no evidence for borrowing
3mʌntʃe 4.25 the lip 5. no evidence for borrowing
2lẽ (1) 4.26 the tongue 5. no evidence for borrowing
1sʌ (2) 4.27 the tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ɲerke 4.271 the gums 5. no evidence for borrowing
2litse 4.272 the molar tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kʰʌr 4.28 the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing
4ta 1tʃuku 4.281 the nape of the neck 2. probably borrowed
1ku (1) 4.29 the throat 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pʌntʌ 4.3 the shoulder 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ja 4.31 the arm 5. no evidence for borrowing
joŋli 4.312 the armpit 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃʰi 4.321 the wrist 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ja 4.33 the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ja tʰil 4.331 the palm of the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ja 3ʈi 4.34 the finger 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ja 1pʰu 4.342 the thumb 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ja 2ʃiŋ 4.344 the fingernail 5. no evidence for borrowing
1jaʃiŋ luŋ-pʌ 4.345 the claw 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pʌle 4.35 the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃili 4.351 the thigh 5. no evidence for borrowing
2pʌtsi 4.36 the knee 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pʌle 4.37 the foot 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pʌle koto 4.371 the ankle 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pʌle ti 4.372 the heel 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pʌle 2mʷe 4.374 the footprint 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pʌle 3ʈi 4.38 the toe 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ŋima 1ʃʌpʌ 4.392 the wing 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ŋima 2mʷi 4.393 the feather 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ku (1) 4.4 the chest 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ŋjokɾo 4.41 the breast 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ŋjokɾo 2pʰuŋ 4.412 the nipple or teat 5. no evidence for borrowing
3piti 4.43 the navel 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰo (2) 4.431 the belly 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tĩ 4.44 the heart 5. no evidence for borrowing
3kjopʌ 4.441 the lung 5. no evidence for borrowing
tsʰimpʌ 4.45 the liver 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kʰje 4.451 the kidney 5. no evidence for borrowing
4pʷʰo 4.46 the stomach 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuruŋ 4.461 the intestines or guts 5. no evidence for borrowing
1krẽ 4.462 the waist 5. no evidence for borrowing
1krẽ 4.463 the hip 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tsak 4.464 the buttocks 1. clearly borrowed
caak ( Nepali )
1kola 1ʈu-pʌ 4kʰja 4.47 the womb 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʌlpʰuŋ 4.49 the testicles 5. no evidence for borrowing
2mle 4.492 the penis 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tu 4.493 the vagina 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tu ~ tuti 4.494 the vulva 5. no evidence for borrowing
mʷo 4.51 to breathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
hai 1lʌ 4.52 to yawn 1. clearly borrowed
haii ( Nepali )
ja kʰupʌ 4.521 to hiccough 5. no evidence for borrowing
4hlo 1kʰʌ 4.53 to cough 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kʰi (1) 4.54 to sneeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ʈu 2ʈu 4.55 to perspire 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʰuk tʰu 4.56 to spit 3. perhaps borrowed
2ʂi (1) 4.57 to vomit 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʃʰe 4.58 to bite 5. no evidence for borrowing
2lẽ (2) 4.59 to lick 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʰutʃu 1kʰʌ 1mo 4.591 to dribble 5. no evidence for borrowing
4nu 4.61 to sleep 5. no evidence for borrowing
4nu kʰrere 4.612 to snore 5. no evidence for borrowing
3mʌŋ 3mʌŋ 4.62 to dream 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʂe 4.63 to wake up 5. no evidence for borrowing
pʰitʌŋ 2prĩ 4.64 to fart 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kuŋ 2prĩ 4.65 to piss 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ki 2prĩ 4.66 to shit 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰe 4.67 to have sex 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʌr 1mo 4.68 to shiver 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ʃu 4.69 to bathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
3nʌ 4.72 to be born 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kola 1kʰʌ 1mo 4.73 pregnant 5. no evidence for borrowing
1aʃi-pʌ 4.74 to be alive 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʃi 4.75 to die 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʃi 4.7501 dead 5. no evidence for borrowing
tup tipi 1lʌ 4.751 to drown 3. perhaps borrowed
1se 4.76 to kill 5. no evidence for borrowing
4ʂo (1) 4.77 the corpse 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pju (1) 4.78 to bury 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tore 4.79 the grave 5. no evidence for borrowing
tsihan 4.79 the grave 2. probably borrowed
cyan ( Nepali )
ʃu 1tʰjʌ 4.81 strong 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tsʰʌɾ 4.82 weak 5. no evidence for borrowing
2sez 1lʌ 4.83 healthy 2. probably borrowed
1supʌ 1tʰje-pʌ 1mo 4.83 healthy 5. no evidence for borrowing
2nʌ 4.84 sick/ill 5. no evidence for borrowing
tsʰu ~ tsʰəw 1kʰʌ 1mo 4.841 the fever 5. no evidence for borrowing
tsʰu-pʌ ʃe 1mo 4.843 the cold 5. no evidence for borrowing
1maka 4.85 the wound or sore 5. no evidence for borrowing
piŋkja 4.852 the bruise 5. no evidence for borrowing
1taŋ-pʌ 4.853 the swelling 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ʂi-pʌ 4.854 the itch 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ʂi (2) 4.8541 to scratch 5. no evidence for borrowing
tsʰerkuŋ 1kʰʌ 1mo 4.855 the blister 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʂuŋ 4.856 the boil 5. no evidence for borrowing
3na 4.857 the pus 5. no evidence for borrowing
maka 4.858 the scar 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ʈa 4.86 to cure 5. no evidence for borrowing
1amtsi 4.87 the physician 5. no evidence for borrowing
1mje (2) 4.88 the medicine 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tuk 4.89 the poison 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tsʰʌɾ 4.91 tired 5. no evidence for borrowing
4nu 4.912 to rest 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tsʰʌɾ 4.92 lazy 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃilki 4.93 bald 3. perhaps borrowed
3njemʌŋ 1a-tʰe 4.95 deaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pila 4a-kʰjẽ 4.96 mute 5. no evidence for borrowing
2mi 4a-mraŋ 4.97 blind 5. no evidence for borrowing
1aɾa 2mɾẽ 4.98 drunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kuntʌlu 4.99 naked 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tsʌ 5.11 to eat 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tsʌmnʌɾ 5.12 the food 5. no evidence for borrowing
3siki 5.12 the food 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tsu-pʌ 5.121 cooked 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tʰe-pʌ 5.121 cooked 5. no evidence for borrowing
amĩ 5.122 raw 5. no evidence for borrowing
2mĩ 5.123 ripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ɲe 5.125 rotten 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʰuŋ 5.13 to drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
4pʰo 1kɾẽ 5.14 to be hungry 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kju pʰi 5.15 to be thirsty 5. no evidence for borrowing
3mul 5.16 to suck 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ŋje 5.18 to chew 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kʰʌr=ko 2mor 5.181 to swallow 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tsu 5.21 to cook 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kʰol 5.22 to boil 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ŋʷo 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʂaŋ 5.24 to bake 5. no evidence for borrowing
2taŋ 5.26 the pot 4. very little evidence for borrowing
4tʰi 5.27 the kettle 5. no evidence for borrowing
2pʰuŋ=ko 3taŋ 5.28 the pan 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʰali 5.31 the dish 1. clearly borrowed
tʰale 5.32 the plate 1. clearly borrowed
korʃo 5.33 the bowl 4. very little evidence for borrowing
2kjutsaŋ 3taŋ 5.34 the jug/pitcher 5. no evidence for borrowing
1koʃo 5.35 the cup 2. probably borrowed
plet 5.36 the saucer 1. clearly borrowed
4kʰje (1) 5.37 the spoon 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃimti 5.391 the tongs 1. clearly borrowed
2siki 5.41 the meal 5. no evidence for borrowing
kotsʌr 5.42 the breakfast 5. no evidence for borrowing
2muntse 3siki 5.44 the dinner 5. no evidence for borrowing
2pʰi 5.46 to peel 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʃʌlni 1lʌ 5.47 to sieve or to strain 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ʈi (2) 5.49 to stir or to mix 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kjaŋ 5.51 the bread 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ne 5.54 to knead 5. no evidence for borrowing
4pʰɾa 5.55 the flour 5. no evidence for borrowing
2to 5.56 to crush or to grind 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʃʌ 5.61 the meat 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuruŋ 5.63 the sausage 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tʰukpʌ 5.64 the soup 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ʈe 5.65 the vegetables 5. no evidence for borrowing
simi 5.66 the bean 1. clearly borrowed
simi ( Nepali )
alo suntala 5.7 the potato 1. clearly borrowed
aalu ( Nepali )
2ʃiŋto 5.71 the fruit 3. perhaps borrowed
pitʌ 5.712 the bunch 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʌŋkur 5.76 the grape 1. clearly borrowed
4koto 5.77 the nut 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʃʰuku 5.79 the oil 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʃʰi 5.791 the grease or fat 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tsʌtsʌ (1) 5.81 the salt 5. no evidence for borrowing
kutuŋ 5.82 the pepper 5. no evidence for borrowing
martsʰʌ 5.821 the chili pepper 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kʷʰe (1) 5.84 the honey 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kʰuti 5.84 the honey 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʰʌnʈi 5.85 the sugar 1. clearly borrowed
3ŋje 5.86 the milk 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ŋje 3ŋje 5.87 to milk 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃuɾpe 5.88 the cheese 5. no evidence for borrowing
3mʌr 5.89 the butter 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰi (1) 5.92 the wine 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰi (1) 5.93 the beer 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰi (1) 5.94 the fermented drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
2pʰuŋ 5.97 the egg 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kõ 6.11 to put on 5. no evidence for borrowing
3kola 6.12 the clothing or clothes 5. no evidence for borrowing
3kola 4ʈʰu-pʌ 3mi 6.13 the tailor 5. no evidence for borrowing
3kola 6.21 the cloth 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pe 6.22 the wool 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʂi (1) 6.24 the cotton 3. perhaps borrowed
ril ( Nepali )
< reel ( English )
reʃam 6.25 the silk 1. clearly borrowed
ʃilik 6.25 the silk 1. clearly borrowed
2mʷi 6.28 the fur 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ʈi 6.29 the leather 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʰi 6.31 to spin 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʰoŋ 6.32 the spindle 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ʂa 6.33 to weave 5. no evidence for borrowing
tenʃi 6.34 the loom 3. perhaps borrowed
4ʈʰu (1) 6.35 to sew 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tʰe (1) 6.36 the needle(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ʈu 6.38 the thread 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʷempʌ 6.42 the (woman's) dress 5. no evidence for borrowing
kot 6.43 the coat 1. clearly borrowed
kot ( Nepali )
< coat ( English )
kʰʌntsʌ 6.44 the shirt 2. probably borrowed
tsamʌ 6.46 the skirt 1. clearly borrowed
nʌŋke 6.48 the trousers 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pʌle 2ʃu 6.49 the sock or stocking 5. no evidence for borrowing
4poli 6.51 the shoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
4poli 3ruŋ 6.52 the boot 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pulu 6.55 the hat or cap 5. no evidence for borrowing
peʈi 6.57 the belt 1. clearly borrowed
peti ( Nepali )
1ja 2ʃu 6.58 the glove 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kikja 6.61 the pocket 5. no evidence for borrowing
1koʈe 6.62 the button 5. no evidence for borrowing
khanʌ 6.71 the ornament or adornment 3. perhaps borrowed
2tʃe (1) 6.73 the ring 5. no evidence for borrowing
3puʈul 6.74 the bracelet 5. no evidence for borrowing
2njata 6.75 the necklace 5. no evidence for borrowing
2piru 6.76 the bead 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ŋima kʰoleŋ 6.77 the earring 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʂumʌl 6.81 the handkerchief or rag 1. clearly borrowed
tʌuli 6.82 the towel 1. clearly borrowed
kaŋki 6.91 the comb 1. clearly borrowed
1krʌ 4ʂi-pʌ 3taŋ 6.92 the brush 5. no evidence for borrowing
moŋʈe 2tʰamraŋ 6.93 the razor 5. no evidence for borrowing
3molʌm 6.94 the ointment 1. clearly borrowed
1sʌpi 6.95 the soap 1. clearly borrowed
sop ( Nepali )
2melaŋ 6.96 the mirror 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʈu 7.11 to live 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tʰiŋ 7.12 the house 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kur 7.14 the tent 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʌjʌŋ 7.15 the yard or court 4. very little evidence for borrowing
koʈʰa 7.21 the room 1. clearly borrowed
2mre 7.22 the door or gate 5. no evidence for borrowing
2mre titi=ko 7.221 the doorpost 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʌntsʌ 2tsʌtsʌ 7.23 the lock 3. perhaps borrowed
tsokur 7.231 the latch or door-bolt 4. very little evidence for borrowing
1tʌntsʌ 2tsʌtsʌ 7.232 the padlock 3. perhaps borrowed
1tʌntsʌ 1amʌ 7.24 the key 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kʰuŋ 7.25 the window 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʰaŋ 7.26 the floor 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʂo 7.27 the wall 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kote 7.31 the fireplace 5. no evidence for borrowing
1mjuku 1jʌ-pʌ 4kʰja 7.33 the chimney 5. no evidence for borrowing
2li (2) 7.37 the ladder 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tsaŋ 7.42 the bed 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʰonta 7.421 the pillow 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kʰje 7.422 the blanket 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurʃiŋ 7.43 the chair 1. clearly borrowed
1tʃoktsʌ 7.44 the table 5. no evidence for borrowing
jo pʌti 7.45 the lamp or torch 1. clearly borrowed
1tʌŋkjaŋ 4kʰja 7.47 the shelf 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʰope 7.51 the roof 5. no evidence for borrowing
kopʃi 7.53 the ridgepole 5. no evidence for borrowing
kopʃi 7.54 the rafter 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʰa (1) 7.55 the beam 5. no evidence for borrowing
3taŋ 7.57 the board 5. no evidence for borrowing
1sʌ 7.63 the mortar(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kʰarkjʌ 1lʌ 7.67 to tan 5. no evidence for borrowing
kisan aula 8.11 the farmer 1. clearly borrowed
1kjẽ (1) 8.12 the field 5. no evidence for borrowing
seŋ (2) 8.121 the paddy 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kʰe 1lʌ 8.15 to cultivate 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kʰoktoŋ 8.17 the ditch 5. no evidence for borrowing
1sʌ je 8.21 to plough/plow 5. no evidence for borrowing
2te 8.22 to dig 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʃake 8.23 the spade 5. no evidence for borrowing
4pʰlu 1prĩ 8.31 to sow 5. no evidence for borrowing
4pʰlu 8.311 the seed 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kelai 2ti 8.34 to thresh 1. clearly borrowed
3sʌpʌ 1kʰʌ 8.41 the harvest 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuɾu 8.42 the grain 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ʈu 8.42 the grain 5. no evidence for borrowing
4ʂo (2) 8.43 the wheat 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuɾu 8.44 the barley 5. no evidence for borrowing
makai 8.47 the maize/corn 1. clearly borrowed
1kjẽ (2) 8.48 the rice 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʃʰi 8.51 the grass 5. no evidence for borrowing
rop 8.53 the plant 1. clearly borrowed
rop ( Nepali )
3topʌ 8.531 to plant 5. no evidence for borrowing
1lje 8.54 the root 5. no evidence for borrowing
jʌlka 8.55 the branch 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pa 8.56 the leaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
minto 8.57 the flower 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ʃiŋ 3tuŋ 8.6 the tree 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃukri 8.68 the tobacco 3. perhaps borrowed
ʃukri 2tʰuŋ 8.69 to smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
paip 8.691 the pipe 1. clearly borrowed
2ʃiŋ 3tuŋ 4tʰuŋ 8.72 the tree stump 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ʃiŋ 3tuŋ 4tʰuŋ 8.73 the tree trunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰjoko 8.75 the bark 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kʰuku nantʃuŋ 8.82 the coconut 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kʌr 8.84 the banana 2. probably borrowed
kera ( Nepali )
laŋtẽ 8.911 the millet or sorghum 5. no evidence for borrowing
karila 8.931 the pumpkin or squash 1. clearly borrowed
mʌtʰurpʌ 8.94 the bamboo 5. no evidence for borrowing
pʌĩ 2ʃiŋ 8.941 the sugar cane 5. no evidence for borrowing
2polo 8.97 the nettle 4. very little evidence for borrowing
sjʌu 8.98 the mushroom 1. clearly borrowed
syau ( Nepali )
1lʌ 9.11 to do 5. no evidence for borrowing
3sʌ (2) 9.111 to make 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kʰje (2) 9.12 the work 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃer 9.14 to bend 5. no evidence for borrowing
1te (1) 9.15 to fold 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tẽ 9.16 to tie 5. no evidence for borrowing
pʰoke 4pʰaŋ 9.161 to untie 1. clearly borrowed
2njata 9.18 the chain 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tsʰo (2) 9.19 the rope 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuntu 2pɾĩ 9.21 to strike or hit or beat 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuntu 2prĩ 9.211 to pound 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʰa 9.22 to cut 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ʃiŋ 3tuŋ 2tʰa 9.221 to cut down 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʰa 9.222 to chop 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʰja (1) 9.223 to stab 5. no evidence for borrowing
pʌtaŋ 9.23 the knife(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʌrtani 9.24 the scissors or shears 1. clearly borrowed
kʷopʌ 9.25 the axe/ax 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʰi (1) 9.26 to break 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʃʌ (2) 9.261 broken 5. no evidence for borrowing
tete tete 2tʰa 9.27 to split 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʰa 9.28 to tear 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ʈi ʃu 9.29 to skin 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰja 9.31 to rub 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰja 9.311 to wipe 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʰi (2) 9.32 to stretch 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ti 9.33 to pull 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʰẽ (1) 9.34 to spread out 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃo 9.341 to hang up 5. no evidence for borrowing
mor 2ti 9.343 to squeeze 3. perhaps borrowed
lu 9.35 to pour 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ʃu 9.36 to wash 5. no evidence for borrowing
2pʰja 9.37 to sweep 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pʌr 9.422 the tool 5. no evidence for borrowing
3sʌpẽ 9.43 the carpenter 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tʰĩ 2prĩ 9.44 to build 5. no evidence for borrowing
3sʌ (2) 9.44 to build 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kʰuŋ 4tʰuŋ 9.46 to bore 5. no evidence for borrowing
2siŋ hoktoŋ 3sʌ 9.461 to hollow out 5. no evidence for borrowing
poti 9.49 the hammer 5. no evidence for borrowing
pʰesʌr 9.5 the nail 5. no evidence for borrowing
4mʌr 9.64 the gold 5. no evidence for borrowing
4muʃʌ 9.65 the silver 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kjor 9.66 the copper 5. no evidence for borrowing
2pʰe 9.67 the iron 4. very little evidence for borrowing
2ʃiŋe 9.68 the lead 5. no evidence for borrowing
tsajʌr 9.69 the tin or tinplate 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kjʌla 9.73 the clay 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃiʃʌ 9.74 the glass 1. clearly borrowed
mʷi 9.75 to weave or plait/braid 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tsʰaŋ 9.76 the basket 2. probably borrowed
niʈi 9.77 the mat 5. no evidence for borrowing
niʈi 9.771 the rug 5. no evidence for borrowing
1sʌptẽ 9.771 the rug 5. no evidence for borrowing
nepʌti 9.79 the fan 1. clearly borrowed
pʌŋka ju 9.791 to fan 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ʃiŋ ko 9.81 to carve 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃʰali ko 9.82 the sculptor 5. no evidence for borrowing
ku saŋpʌ 9.83 the statue 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tsʰe 9.88 the paint 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tsʰe 2tsʰe 9.89 to paint 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʰẽ (3) 9.92 the tumpline 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʰʌ mepʌ tʰuŋ 9.93 the whetstone 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʰẽ 10.11 to move 5. no evidence for borrowing
mur 10.12 to turn 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kor 10.13 to turn around 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tsʰor 10.14 to wrap 5. no evidence for borrowing
4pʰol 10.15 to roll 5. no evidence for borrowing
1te 1lʌ 10.16 to drop 5. no evidence for borrowing
mor 10.17 to twist 5. no evidence for borrowing
pʰja 10.21 to rise 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kʷe 10.22 to raise or lift 5. no evidence for borrowing
1te (2) 10.23 to fall 5. no evidence for borrowing
pʰul 1lʌ 10.24 to drip 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kʰja 10.25 to throw 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʃʰĩ 10.252 to catch 5. no evidence for borrowing
jo (1) 10.26 to shake 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kju 4ju 10.32 to flow 5. no evidence for borrowing
juŋ 10.33 to sink 5. no evidence for borrowing
2pʰi=ri 1ʈu 10.34 to float 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kju=ri 1kjaŋ 10.35 to swim 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ta (1) 10.352 to splash 5. no evidence for borrowing
2pʰaŋ 10.37 to fly 5. no evidence for borrowing
2pʰjaŋ 10.38 to blow 5. no evidence for borrowing
3kul kul 1lʌ-tse 4pʰro 10.41 to crawl 5. no evidence for borrowing
kutʌru le tu 10.413 to crouch 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʃʰoŋ 10.43 to jump 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pʌle=tse 2prĩ 10.431 to kick 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ʃo 10.44 to dance 5. no evidence for borrowing
4pʰro 10.45 to walk 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʰole 10.451 to limp 3. perhaps borrowed
1kju 10.46 to run 5. no evidence for borrowing
1jʌ 10.47 to go 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʂe 10.471 to go up 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʂe 10.472 to climb 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ju 10.473 to go down 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kʰʌ 10.48 to come 5. no evidence for borrowing
2je 10.481 to come back 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʰʌ-tse jʌ 10.49 to leave 5. no evidence for borrowing
pome 10.491 to disappear 5. no evidence for borrowing
2la 10.51 to flee 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pju (2) 10.52 to follow 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pju (2) 10.53 to pursue 5. no evidence for borrowing
3to 10.55 to arrive 5. no evidence for borrowing
3naŋ=ri 1jʌ 10.57 to enter 5. no evidence for borrowing
2je 10.58 to go or return home 5. no evidence for borrowing
2na 10.61 to carry 5. no evidence for borrowing
ja=ri tʃʰĩ 10.612 to carry in hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
jʌmtʌ pʰeri pʰre 10.613 to carry on shoulder 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pu 1kʰʌ 10.62 to bring 5. no evidence for borrowing
3por 1jʌ 10.63 to send 5. no evidence for borrowing
1puŋ 10.66 to ride 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kʰer 10.67 to push 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kʰjẽ 10.71 the road 5. no evidence for borrowing
3mi 4pʰro-pʌ 4kʰjẽ 10.72 the path 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tse 10.74 the bridge 5. no evidence for borrowing
ne 10.92 to land 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ta 11.12 to own 5. no evidence for borrowing
3poɾ 1jʌ 11.13 to take 5. no evidence for borrowing
1jaŋ 11.16 to get 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pʌrpʌ 11.18 the thing 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pĩ 11.21 to give 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃʰʌlʌ 11.24 to preserve 5. no evidence for borrowing
pats 2ti 11.25 to rescue 1. clearly borrowed
1nuŋ 1lʌ 11.27 to destroy 5. no evidence for borrowing
3maka 1tʌ 11.28 to injure 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʃa 11.31 to look for 5. no evidence for borrowing
1jaŋ 11.32 to find 5. no evidence for borrowing
2mʷo 11.33 to lose 5. no evidence for borrowing
1jʌ 1lʌ pe 11.34 to let go 5. no evidence for borrowing
4mʷi 11.43 the money 5. no evidence for borrowing
2pʰi 4mʷi 11.44 the coin 5. no evidence for borrowing
4pʰlo 11.51 rich 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tu 11.52 poor 4. very little evidence for borrowing
4kʰorpʌ 3mi 11.53 the beggar 5. no evidence for borrowing
kre 11.54 stingy 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ŋjẽ 11.61 to lend 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kʰi 11.62 to borrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
4mʷi kʰe 11.63 to owe 5. no evidence for borrowing
tir 2ti 11.65 to pay 1. clearly borrowed
4mʷi 1pĩ 11.65 to pay 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʂʌl 11.69 the tax 5. no evidence for borrowing
ke 11.78 the wages 5. no evidence for borrowing
sʌ 11.79 to earn 5. no evidence for borrowing
3kju 11.81 to buy 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tsuŋ 11.82 to sell 5. no evidence for borrowing
pʷo 11.83 to trade or barter 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tsʰoŋpẽ 11.84 the merchant 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tukʌŋ 11.85 the market 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tukʌŋ 11.86 the shop/store 5. no evidence for borrowing
4mʷi 1nje-pʌ 11.87 the price 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kũ 11.88 expensive 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kʰe 11.89 cheap 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʰu 11.91 to share 5. no evidence for borrowing
2na 11.92 to weigh 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʃu 2tʃu (lari) 12.01 after 5. no evidence for borrowing
1litsʌ=ri 12.011 behind 5. no evidence for borrowing
=ri 12.012 in 5. no evidence for borrowing
=ri 12.013 at 5. no evidence for borrowing
2nepʌ 12.02 beside 5. no evidence for borrowing
3naŋ=ri 12.03 down 5. no evidence for borrowing
1naraŋ 12.04 before 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋoŋtsʌ=ri 12.041 in front of 5. no evidence for borrowing
3naŋ=ri 12.05 inside 5. no evidence for borrowing
3huŋ=ri 12.05 inside 5. no evidence for borrowing
1taʰŋ 12.06 outside 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰitsʌ=ri 12.06 outside 5. no evidence for borrowing
3naŋ=ri 12.07 under 5. no evidence for borrowing
2pʰi(=ri) 12.08 up 5. no evidence for borrowing
2pʰi=ri 12.081 above 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kʰja 12.11 the place 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʈu 12.13 to sit 5. no evidence for borrowing
4nu 12.14 to lie down 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʂe 12.15 to stand 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʈu 12.16 to remain 5. no evidence for borrowing
nje 12.17 the remains 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʰẽ 12.21 to gather 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kʷẽ 12.212 to pick up 5. no evidence for borrowing
mjur 12.213 to pile up 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʰi (1) 12.22 to join 5. no evidence for borrowing
pʰje 12.23 to separate 5. no evidence for borrowing
tsʰu 12.232 to divide 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰaŋ 12.24 to open 5. no evidence for borrowing
2prĩ 12.25 to shut 5. no evidence for borrowing
2u ~ 2ʃu 12.26 to cover 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tsʰuŋ 12.27 to hide 5. no evidence for borrowing
2no 12.31 high 5. no evidence for borrowing
3naŋ 12.32 low 5. no evidence for borrowing
2pʰi=ri 12.33 the top 5. no evidence for borrowing
3naŋ ʃo 12.34 the bottom 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tʃʰeɾpʌ 12.352 pointed 5. no evidence for borrowing
2su=ri 12.36 the side 5. no evidence for borrowing
pʌr 12.37 the middle 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kuŋ=ri 12.37 the middle 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kjetse 12.41 right(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
tortse 12.42 left 5. no evidence for borrowing
2nepʌ 12.43 near 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ti=ri 12.43 near 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ta 2ruŋ 12.44 far 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ʃer 12.45 the east 5. no evidence for borrowing
4lo, 4lho 12.46 the west 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tʃaŋ (1) 12.47 the north 5. no evidence for borrowing
lho 12.48 the south 3. perhaps borrowed
lho ( Tibetan )
1tʰjʌ-pʌ 1tʌ 12.53 to grow 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʷẽ 12.54 to measure 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʰjʌ 12.55 big 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʃã 12.56 small 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ruŋ 12.57 long 5. no evidence for borrowing
2no 12.58 tall 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʰuŋpʌ 12.59 short 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʰuŋpʌ 12.61 wide 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kʰje to 12.62 narrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ʂuŋ 12.63 thick 5. no evidence for borrowing
2pʰɾʌ 12.65 thin 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tiŋ a-ra 12.67 deep 5. no evidence for borrowing
mʷʌ 12.68 shallow 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʰaŋ 12.71 flat 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tsok 12.73 straight 2. probably borrowed
2picaŋ 12.73 straight 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kurkur 12.74 crooked 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuri 12.76 the corner 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuŋ 12.77 the cross 5. no evidence for borrowing
2plisur 12.78 the square 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kikil 12.81 round 5. no evidence for borrowing
2pʰultʌŋ 12.82 the circle 5. no evidence for borrowing
koʈʌlo 12.83 the ball 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kʰuŋ 12.85 the hole 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kʰoktoŋ 12.85 the hole 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʃoŋ ~ 2tʃoŋtʃoŋ 12.92 similar 5. no evidence for borrowing
3kjur 12.93 to change 5. no evidence for borrowing
4ʃi 13.01 one 5. no evidence for borrowing
4ŋi 13.02 two 5. no evidence for borrowing
2sẽ (1) 13.03 three 5. no evidence for borrowing
4pʰli 13.04 four 5. no evidence for borrowing
4ŋʌ 13.05 five 5. no evidence for borrowing
4ʈʰu (2) 13.06 six 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ŋi (1) 13.07 seven 5. no evidence for borrowing
4pʰre 13.08 eight 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ku (2) 13.09 nine 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʃu 13.1 ten 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʃukri 13.101 eleven 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʃuŋi 13.102 twelve 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʃuŋʌ 13.103 fifteen 5. no evidence for borrowing
4ŋiʃu 13.104 twenty 5. no evidence for borrowing
4pʰrʌ 13.105 a hundred 5. no evidence for borrowing
1toŋra 13.106 a thousand 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʃʰa 13.107 to count 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʃʰaraŋ 13.14 all 5. no evidence for borrowing
2peʔ 13.15 many 5. no evidence for borrowing
1lake 13.16 more 5. no evidence for borrowing
njeta 13.17 few 5. no evidence for borrowing
2jo 13.18 enough 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tore 13.181 some 5. no evidence for borrowing
lʌle 13.181 some 5. no evidence for borrowing
3mi tʃotʃe to-pʌ 13.19 the crowd 5. no evidence for borrowing
3naŋ 13.21 full 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʰẽ (2) 13.22 empty 5. no evidence for borrowing
litʃel 13.23 the part 3. perhaps borrowed
les ( Nepali )
1ʈʰaʈe 13.24 the half 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ʃa 13.33 only 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃike 13.331 alone 5. no evidence for borrowing
3taŋpʌ 13.34 first 5. no evidence for borrowing
kosyo 13.35 last 5. no evidence for borrowing
4ŋi-pʌ 13.36 second 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃepʌ 13.37 the pair 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋjʌle 13.38 twice/two times 5. no evidence for borrowing
sʌm-pʌ 13.42 third 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʃʰotʃe 14.11 the time 5. no evidence for borrowing
2lo 14.12 the age 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tsaŋ (2) 14.13 new 5. no evidence for borrowing
2sẽ (2) 14.14 young 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tsʌtsʌ (2) 14.14 young 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kʰjokor 14.15 old 5. no evidence for borrowing
jo (2) 14.16 early 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰi (2) 14.17 late 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tosoŋ 14.18 now 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tosoŋre 14.19 immediately 5. no evidence for borrowing
3kini 14.21 fast 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kole 14.22 slow 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰi (1) 14.23 to hurry 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰi (2) 14.24 to be late 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʰan te 14.25 to begin 5. no evidence for borrowing
nasjo 14.251 the beginning 5. no evidence for borrowing
kjuʃo 14.252 to last 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʃin-tsi 14.26 the end(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʃʰĩ 14.27 to finish 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃʰo 14.29 ready 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʰikka 14.29 ready 1. clearly borrowed
2tʃʰẽ 14.31 always 5. no evidence for borrowing
4lake 14.32 often 5. no evidence for borrowing
3titi=ri 14.32 often 5. no evidence for borrowing
tikʌ 14.33 sometimes 5. no evidence for borrowing
3kini 14.331 soon 5. no evidence for borrowing
3a-tʃi 14.34 never 5. no evidence for borrowing
1lake 14.35 again 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tiŋi 14.41 the day(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
1sa 14.411 the day(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
2muntse 14.42 the night 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tiŋi 2pʰja 14.43 the dawn 5. no evidence for borrowing
3nanaŋ 14.44 the morning 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʰoŋ 4sol 14.45 the midday 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʰoŋ 4sol 14.451 the afternoon 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ŋjetse 14.46 the evening 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tiŋi 14.47 today 5. no evidence for borrowing
4nese 14.48 tomorrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
raŋi 14.481 the day after tomorrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tele 14.49 yesterday 5. no evidence for borrowing
huɲi 14.491 the day before yesterday 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʃʰotʃe 14.51 the hour 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tʃʰutse 14.53 the clock 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tuntʰa 14.61 the week 5. no evidence for borrowing
sʌ ŋimʌ 14.62 Sunday 5. no evidence for borrowing
sʌ tʌwʌ 14.63 Monday 5. no evidence for borrowing
sʌ mimʌr 14.64 Tuesday 5. no evidence for borrowing
sʌ hlakpʌ 14.65 Wednesday 3. perhaps borrowed
sʌ pʰurpʌ 14.66 Thursday 5. no evidence for borrowing
sʌ pʌlsʌŋ 14.67 Friday 5. no evidence for borrowing
sʌ pimpʌ 14.68 Saturday 5. no evidence for borrowing
tawa 14.71 the month 5. no evidence for borrowing
3lo 14.73 the year 5. no evidence for borrowing
3kuntse 14.74 the winter 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pjʌrkʌ 14.76 the summer 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tenkʌ 14.77 the autumn/fall 5. no evidence for borrowing
nʌmlʌ 14.78 the season 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tʰaŋ 1kʰʌ 15.21 to smell(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
3te 4tʰaŋ 1kʰʌ 15.212 to sniff 5. no evidence for borrowing
3te 4tʰaŋ 1kʰʌ 15.22 to smell(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tʰaŋ 3sʌ-pʌ 1kʰʌ 15.25 fragrant 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tʰaŋ 1kʰʌ 15.26 stinking 5. no evidence for borrowing
mjaŋ 15.31 to taste 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ki 2kje 15.35 sweet 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tsʌtsʌ saŋ 15.36 salty 5. no evidence for borrowing
3kjẽ 15.37 bitter 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kjuŋ 15.38 sour 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tʰe (2) 15.41 to hear 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ŋjẽ 15.42 to listen 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kje 15.44 the sound or noise 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʰjʌ-pʌ 1lʌ 15.45 loud 5. no evidence for borrowing
4jo 15.46 quiet 5. no evidence for borrowing
1mraŋ 15.51 to see 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ŋjo 15.52 to look 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tẽ 15.55 to show 5. no evidence for borrowing
we 1kʰʌ 15.56 to shine 5. no evidence for borrowing
4sol 15.57 bright 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tsʰe 2tsʰo 15.61 the colour/color 5. no evidence for borrowing
2mona 15.63 dark 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʌrkja 15.64 white 5. no evidence for borrowing
1mleŋkja 15.65 black 5. no evidence for borrowing
1olkja 15.66 red 5. no evidence for borrowing
1piŋkja 15.67 blue 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tʃaŋku 15.68 green 5. no evidence for borrowing
1urkja 15.69 yellow 5. no evidence for borrowing
3te 15.71 to touch 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tʃʰe 15.712 to pinch 5. no evidence for borrowing
kjoŋ 15.74 hard 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tʃẽ 15.75 soft 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃã 15.77 smooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tʃʰeɾ 15.78 sharp 5. no evidence for borrowing
4a-tʃʰer 15.79 blunt 5. no evidence for borrowing
3li 15.81 heavy 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ɲaŋ 15.82 light(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ʃu 1tʌ 15.83 wet 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kʰarkjʌ 15.84 dry 5. no evidence for borrowing
4tsʰe 15.85 hot 5. no evidence for borrowing
1le 15.851 warm 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kʰʌŋ 15.86 cold 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰjaŋ 15.87 clean 5. no evidence for borrowing
1a-tsaŋ 15.88 dirty 5. no evidence for borrowing
terke ju 15.89 wrinkled 5. no evidence for borrowing
seŋ (1) 16.11 the soul or spirit 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pʰʌ kʰjel 16.15 surprised or astonished 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʈaʃipʌ 1tʌ 16.18 the good luck 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ki 16.23 happy 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ŋi 16.25 to laugh 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ŋi 16.251 to smile 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kjaŋ 16.26 to play 5. no evidence for borrowing
3sʌ-ni 1lʌ 16.27 to love 5. no evidence for borrowing
wo 1lʌ 16.29 to kiss 3. perhaps borrowed
tʃʰor ko 16.3 to embrace 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kole 1kʰʌ-pʌ 16.31 the pain 5. no evidence for borrowing
3su 1kʰʌ-pʌ 16.31 the pain 5. no evidence for borrowing
tuk 1tʌ-pʌ 1kʰʌ 16.32 the grief 5. no evidence for borrowing
tolo ʃa 16.34 to regret or be sorry 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kra 16.37 to cry 5. no evidence for borrowing
1miku 16.38 the tear 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kʰo 16.41 to hate 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ʃitaŋ 1kʰʌ-pʌ 16.42 the anger 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʈʰoto 1kʰʌ 16.44 the envy or jealousy 5. no evidence for borrowing
2a-kje-pʌ 16.45 the shame 5. no evidence for borrowing
4lo 1tʰjʌ 16.52 brave 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ŋim-pʌ 16.54 the danger 5. no evidence for borrowing
3saŋ 1kʰʌ 16.62 to want 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kre 1lʌ 16.622 to choose 5. no evidence for borrowing
3saŋ 1kʰʌ 16.63 to hope 5. no evidence for borrowing
3ŋoto 16.66 true 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kjaʃo 3pi 16.67 to lie(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
3sʌ (1) 16.71 good 5. no evidence for borrowing
3a-sʌ 16.72 bad 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʌ 16.73 right(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
1a-tʌ 16.74 wrong 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kje 16.81 beautiful 5. no evidence for borrowing
2a-kje 16.82 ugly 5. no evidence for borrowing
1pjaŋ 16.84 clever 5. no evidence for borrowing
tim 17.11 the mind 5. no evidence for borrowing
naŋtse toŋ 17.13 to think(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
pʌte 1kʰʌ 17.15 to believe 2. probably borrowed
2ko 17.16 to understand 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ʃi 17.17 to know 5. no evidence for borrowing
3laŋ-pʌ 2tsʰaŋ 17.172 to imitate 5. no evidence for borrowing
1mjo 17.23 mad 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tʃaŋ 17.24 to learn 5. no evidence for borrowing
3tʃaŋ 17.242 to study 5. no evidence for borrowing
1lo 17.25 to teach 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tsʰe 2ʈo-pʌ 3mi 17.26 the pupil 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kekẽ 17.27 the teacher 5. no evidence for borrowing
eskul 17.28 the school 1. clearly borrowed
skul ( Nepali )
< school ( English )
tim 1kʰʌ 17.31 to remember 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʃo 2mle (1jʌ) 17.32 to forget 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tẽ 17.38 to explain 5. no evidence for borrowing
1mi 17.43 the doubt 5. no evidence for borrowing
pʌte 1a-kʰʌ 17.44 to suspect 5. no evidence for borrowing
1tʷo 17.45 the need or necessity 5. no evidence for borrowing
1le 1lʌ 17.46 easy 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kole-1kʰʌ 17.47 difficult 5. no evidence for borrowing
2kʌtti 1lʌ 17.48 to try 5. no evidence for borrowing
tẽ 17.51 and 5. no evidence for borrowing
rʌ 17.51 and 1. clearly borrowed
ra ( Nepali )
2ta 3pi-tse 3pi 17.52 because 5. no evidence for borrowing
kjʌ nʌ 17.53 if 3. perhaps borrowed
kina ( Nepali )
1tʌ 17.55 yes 5. no evidence for borrowing
ho 17.55 yes 1. clearly borrowed
ho ( Nepali )
ajĩ 17.56 no 3. perhaps borrowed
jĩ ( Tibetan )
1a-tʌ 17.56 no 5. no evidence for borrowing
ha coŋpʌ 17.61 how? 5. no evidence for borrowing
2pʰuŋ 2kʌtti 17.62 how many? 4. very little evidence for borrowing
2kʌtti tʰʌ-pʌ 17.63 how much? 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ta (2) 17.64 what? 5. no evidence for borrowing
4hajuŋ 17.65 when? 5. no evidence for borrowing
hani 17.66 where? 5. no evidence for borrowing
4halʌ 17.67 which? 5. no evidence for borrowing
2su 17.68 who? 5. no evidence for borrowing
4hatʃi 17.69 why? 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kje 18.11 the voice 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kʷʰe 2pɾĩ 18.12 to sing 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kje 2te 18.13 to shout 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʰoke ʂi 18.17 to whistle 5. no evidence for borrowing
3laŋ 1ʃe 18.21 to speak or talk 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pi 18.22 to say 5. no evidence for borrowing
3pi 18.221 to tell 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kje 18.222 the speech 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kje 2a-te 18.23 to be silent 5. no evidence for borrowing
1kje 18.24 the language 5. no evidence for borrowing
2tsʰi 18.26 the word 5. no evidence for borrowing
1miŋ ~ 1mĩ 18.28 the name 5. no evidence for borrowing
2ŋi (2) 18.31 to ask(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
leŋ 18.32 to answer 5. no evidence for borrowing
1ʂi (2) 18.35 to ask(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
na na 18.36 to promise 5. no evidence for borrowing
rok 2ti 18.37 to refuse 1. clearly borrowed
rok 2ti 18.38 to forbid 1. clearly borrowed
3ʃetaŋ 1lʌ 18.39 to scold 5. no evidence for borrowing
oi 18.41 to call(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
4kakor 2kʷol 18.43 to announce 4. very little evidence for borrowing
2ŋĩ 18.44 to threaten 5. no evidence for borrowing