Sakha Vocabulary

by Brigitte Pakendorf & Innokentij Novgorodov

The vocabulary contains 1588 meaning-word pairs from the recipient language Sakha . The corresponding text chapter was published in the book "Loanwords in the World's Languages". The language page Sakha contains a list of all loanwords arranged by donor languoid.

The word is given in the usual orthography or transcription, and in the usual citation form.

Click on a word to get even more information than is shown in this table.

The Loanword Typology code is the identifier of the Loanword Typology meaning. Sorting by LWT Code sorts the words thematically by semantic field.
This column shows the labels of the Loanword Typology meanings. By clicking on a meaning label, you get more information about the meaning, as well as a list of all words that are counterparts of that meaning.

There are five borrowed statuses, reflecting decreasing likelihood that the word is a loanword:

  1. clearly borrowed
  2. probably borrowed
  3. perhaps borrowed
  4. very little evidence for borrowing
  5. no evidence for borrowing
This is the time period during which the word is hypothesized to have come into the language as a loanword, or during which it is first attested, or for which it can be reconstructed.
This gives the usual written form for languages that do not use the Latin script.
For (possible) loanwords, this column shows the words in the source languages that served as models.
Word LWT Code Meaning Borrowed Status Source Words
[help] [help] [help] [help] [help]
aːn doydu 1.1 the world 5. no evidence for borrowing
sir 1.21 the land 5. no evidence for borrowing
buor 1.212 the soil 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨːl 1.213 the dust 1. clearly borrowed
buor 1.213 the dust 5. no evidence for borrowing
badaraːn 1.214 the mud 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨrɨː 1.214 the mud 2. probably borrowed
kumaχ 1.215 the sand 5. no evidence for borrowing
χaya 1.22 the mountain or hill 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mɨraːn 1.22 the mountain or hill 3. perhaps borrowed
sɨːr (1) 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing
χaya 1.222 the cliff or precipice 4. very little evidence for borrowing
sɨːr (1) 1.222 the cliff or precipice 5. no evidence for borrowing
χonuː 1.23 the plain 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɨhɨː 1.23 the plain 5. no evidence for borrowing
χočo 1.24 the valley 1. clearly borrowed
arɨː (1) 1.25 the island 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɨtɨː 1.27 the shore 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɨtɨl 1.27 the shore 5. no evidence for borrowing
χaya χaspaɣa 1.28 the cave 5. no evidence for borrowing
uː 1.31 the water 5. no evidence for borrowing
muora 1.32 the sea 1. clearly borrowed
bayɣal 1.32 the sea 2. probably borrowed
küːgen 1.324 the foam 3. perhaps borrowed
< köpük ( Turkic )
akɨyaːn 1.329 the ocean 1. clearly borrowed
küöl 1.33 the lake 5. no evidence for borrowing
χomo 1.34 the bay 4. very little evidence for borrowing
tumus 1.343 the cape 5. no evidence for borrowing
dolgun 1.35 the wave 5. no evidence for borrowing
örüs 1.36 the river or stream 3. perhaps borrowed
üreχ 1.36 the river or stream 4. very little evidence for borrowing
burulɣan 1.362 the whirlpool 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʤüːkte 1.37 the spring or well 1. clearly borrowed
χoluoʤas 1.37 the spring or well 1. clearly borrowed
kuta 1.38 the swamp 1. clearly borrowed
kuta ( Evenki )
ʤebere, ʤabara 1.38 the swamp 2. probably borrowed
kürülgen 1.39 the waterfall 5. no evidence for borrowing
oyuːr 1.41 the woods or forest 3. perhaps borrowed
tɨa 1.41 the woods or forest 5. no evidence for borrowing
mas 1.43 the wood 2. probably borrowed
taːs (1) 1.44 the stone or rock 5. no evidence for borrowing
sir χamsaːhɨna 1.45 the earthquake 5. no evidence for borrowing
χallaːn 1.51 the sky 5. no evidence for borrowing
kün 1.52 the sun 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨy 1.53 the moon 5. no evidence for borrowing
sulus 1.54 the star 5. no evidence for borrowing
čaɣɨlɣan 1.55 the lightning 1. clearly borrowed
etiŋ 1.56 the thunder 5. no evidence for borrowing
čaɣɨlɣan 1.57 the bolt of lightning 1. clearly borrowed
buːrɣa 1.58 the storm 1. clearly borrowed
sillie 1.58 the storm 5. no evidence for borrowing
kustuk 1.59 the rainbow 4. very little evidence for borrowing
uot 1.61 the light 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɨrdɨk (1) 1.61 the light 5. no evidence for borrowing
χaraŋa (1) 1.62 the darkness 5. no evidence for borrowing
külük 1.63 the shade or shadow 5. no evidence for borrowing
siːk 1.64 the dew 3. perhaps borrowed
salgɨn 1.71 the air 1. clearly borrowed
tɨal 1.72 the wind 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨlɨt 1.73 the cloud 5. no evidence for borrowing
tuman 1.74 the fog 5. no evidence for borrowing
ardaχ 1.75 the rain 5. no evidence for borrowing
samɨːr 1.75 the rain 5. no evidence for borrowing
χaːr 1.76 the snow 5. no evidence for borrowing
muːs 1.77 the ice 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʤükeːbil uota 1.771 the arctic lights 5. no evidence for borrowing
toŋ 1.775 to freeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
kün-ʤɨl 1.78 the weather 5. no evidence for borrowing
< yɨl ( Turkic )
uot 1.81 the fire 5. no evidence for borrowing
tölön 1.82 the flame 1. clearly borrowed
buruo 1.83 the smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
paːr 1.831 the steam 1. clearly borrowed
par ( Russian )
buruo 1.831 the steam 5. no evidence for borrowing
kül (1) 1.84 the ash 5. no evidence for borrowing
čoχ 1.841 the embers 1. clearly borrowed
< čoɣ ( Turkic )
umat 1.851 to burn(1) 4. very little evidence for borrowing
umay 1.852 to burn(2) 4. very little evidence for borrowing
umat 1.86 to light 4. very little evidence for borrowing
otun 1.86 to light 5. no evidence for borrowing
umuruor 1.861 to extinguish 2. probably borrowed
ispiːske 1.87 the match 1. clearly borrowed
mas 1.88 the firewood 2. probably borrowed
čoχ 1.89 the charcoal 1. clearly borrowed
< čoɣ ( Turkic )
kihi 2.1 the person 5. no evidence for borrowing
er kihi 2.21 the man 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʤaχtar 2.22 the woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
uol 2.25 the boy 5. no evidence for borrowing
uol oɣo 2.25 the boy 5. no evidence for borrowing
uol 2.251 the young man 5. no evidence for borrowing
eder kihi 2.251 the young man 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɨːs 2.26 the girl 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɨːs oɣo 2.26 the girl 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɨːs 2.261 the young woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
oɣo 2.27 the child(1) 3. perhaps borrowed
kɨhɨl oɣo 2.28 the baby 5. no evidence for borrowing
kergen 2.31 the husband 1. clearly borrowed
oɣonɲor 2.31 the husband 2. probably borrowed
er 2.31 the husband 5. no evidence for borrowing
kergen 2.32 the wife 1. clearly borrowed
emeːχsin 2.32 the wife 1. clearly borrowed
oyoχ 2.32 the wife 5. no evidence for borrowing
kergennen 2.33 to marry 5. no evidence for borrowing
kergen taɣɨs 2.33 to marry 5. no evidence for borrowing
erge bar 2.33 to marry 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨal buol 2.33 to marry 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɨbaːyba 2.34 the wedding 1. clearly borrowed
χolbohuː 2.34 the wedding 5. no evidence for borrowing
uruː 2.34 the wedding 5. no evidence for borrowing
araχsɨː 2.341 the divorce 5. no evidence for borrowing
aɣa 2.35 the father 5. no evidence for borrowing
iỹe 2.36 the mother 5. no evidence for borrowing
töröppütter 2.37 the parents 5. no evidence for borrowing
uol 2.41 the son 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɨːs 2.42 the daughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
oɣo 2.43 the child(2) 3. perhaps borrowed
ɨččat 2.43 the child(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
biː 2.444 the older brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
ubay 2.444 the older brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
ini 2.445 the younger brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
surus 2.445 the younger brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨraːt 2.445 the younger brother 1. clearly borrowed
eʤiːy 2.454 the older sister 1. clearly borrowed
aɣas 2.454 the older sister 4. very little evidence for borrowing
balɨs 2.455 the younger sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
biːrge töröːbütter 2.456 the sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing
igireler 2.458 the twins 1. clearly borrowed
ehe 2.46 the grandfather 5. no evidence for borrowing
oɣonɲor 2.461 the old man 2. probably borrowed
ebe 2.47 the grandmother 5. no evidence for borrowing
emeːχsin 2.471 the old woman 1. clearly borrowed
sien 2.48 the grandson 5. no evidence for borrowing
sien 2.49 the granddaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
sien 2.5 the grandchild 5. no evidence for borrowing
ubay 2.51 the uncle 5. no evidence for borrowing
taːy (1) 2.511 the mother's brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
abaɣa 2.512 the father's brother 3. perhaps borrowed
eʤiːy 2.52 the aunt 1. clearly borrowed
taːy eʤiːy 2.521 the mother's sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨraːt 2.53 the nephew 1. clearly borrowed
balɨs 2.54 the niece 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨraːt 2.55 the cousin 1. clearly borrowed
balɨs 2.55 the cousin 5. no evidence for borrowing
öbügeler 2.56 the ancestors 1. clearly borrowed
törüt 2.56 the ancestors 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨččat 2.57 the descendants 5. no evidence for borrowing
keskil 2.57 the descendants 5. no evidence for borrowing
aɣa kɨlɨn 2.61 the father-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
toyon 2.611 the father-in-law (of a woman) 2. probably borrowed
iỹe kɨlɨn 2.62 the mother-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
χotun 2.621 the mother-in-law (of a woman) 3. perhaps borrowed
kütüöt 2.63 the son-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kütüöt 2.631 the son-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiỹiːt 2.64 the daughter-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiỹiːt 2.641 the daughter-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
iːppit aɣa 2.71 the stepfather 5. no evidence for borrowing
maːčaχa iỹe 2.72 the stepmother 1. clearly borrowed
iːppit iỹe 2.72 the stepmother 5. no evidence for borrowing
iːppit uol 2.73 the stepson 5. no evidence for borrowing
iːppit kɨːs 2.74 the stepdaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
tulaːyaχ 2.75 the orphan 5. no evidence for borrowing
ogdoːbo 2.76 the widow 1. clearly borrowed
ogdoːbo 2.77 the widower 1. clearly borrowed
uruːlar 2.81 the relatives 5. no evidence for borrowing
aymaχtar 2.81 the relatives 1. clearly borrowed
ɨal 2.82 the family 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʤon 2.82 the family 1. clearly borrowed
min 2.91 I 5. no evidence for borrowing
en 2.92 you (singular) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kini 2.93 he/she/it 5. no evidence for borrowing
kini 2.931 he 5. no evidence for borrowing
kini 2.932 she 5. no evidence for borrowing
kini 2.933 it 5. no evidence for borrowing
bihigi 2.94 we 5. no evidence for borrowing
en bihikki 2.941 we (inclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ehigi 2.95 you (plural) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiniler 2.96 they 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɨːl 3.11 the animal 4. very little evidence for borrowing
atɨːr 3.12 male(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɨhɨ 3.13 female(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
süöhü 3.15 the livestock 1. clearly borrowed
meččireŋ 3.16 the pasture 5. no evidence for borrowing
bostuːk 3.18 the herdsman 1. clearly borrowed
manɨːhɨt 3.18 the herdsman 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨnaχsɨt 3.18 the herdsman 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɨlgɨhɨt 3.18 the herdsman 5. no evidence for borrowing
χoton 3.19 the stable or stall 1. clearly borrowed
ɨnaχ süöhü 3.2 the cattle 5. no evidence for borrowing
oɣus (1) 3.21 the bull 2. probably borrowed
at oɣus 3.22 the ox 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨnaχ 3.23 the cow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲirey 3.24 the calf 1. clearly borrowed
torbos 3.24 the calf 5. no evidence for borrowing
sibinɲe 3.35 the pig 1. clearly borrowed
čoːsku 3.35 the pig 1. clearly borrowed
sɨlgɨ 3.41 the horse 5. no evidence for borrowing
at 3.41 the horse 5. no evidence for borrowing
atɨːr 3.42 the stallion 5. no evidence for borrowing
bie 3.44 the mare 5. no evidence for borrowing
kulun 3.45 the foal or colt 5. no evidence for borrowing
ubaha 3.45 the foal or colt 4. very little evidence for borrowing
tɨy 3.45 the foal or colt 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʤie kötörö 3.5 the fowl 5. no evidence for borrowing
bötüːk 3.52 the cock/rooster 1. clearly borrowed
kuːrussa 3.54 the hen 1. clearly borrowed
čopuːska 3.55 the chicken 1. clearly borrowed
χaːs (1) 3.56 the goose 5. no evidence for borrowing
kus 3.57 the duck 5. no evidence for borrowing
uya 3.58 the nest 5. no evidence for borrowing
kötör 3.581 the bird 5. no evidence for borrowing
čɨːčaːχ 3.581 the bird 1. clearly borrowed
χopto 3.582 the seagull 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kutan 3.583 the heron 5. no evidence for borrowing
χotoy 3.584 the eagle 5. no evidence for borrowing
moχsoɣol 3.585 the hawk 4. very little evidence for borrowing
sarɨː kɨnat 3.591 the bat 5. no evidence for borrowing
turaːχ 3.593 the crow 1. clearly borrowed
χoluːp 3.594 the dove 1. clearly borrowed
mekčirge 3.596 the owl 1. clearly borrowed
χaχχan 3.596 the owl 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ɨt (1) 3.61 the dog 5. no evidence for borrowing
xoruoluk 3.614 the rabbit 1. clearly borrowed
kuoska 3.62 the cat 1. clearly borrowed
kutuyaχ 3.63 the mouse or rat 5. no evidence for borrowing
balɨk 3.65 the fish 5. no evidence for borrowing
lapčaːn 3.652 the fin 1. clearly borrowed
χatɨrɨk 3.653 the scale 5. no evidence for borrowing
χaỹɨː 3.654 the gill 5. no evidence for borrowing
χaba χaːta 3.655 the shell 3. perhaps borrowed
börö 3.71 the wolf 5. no evidence for borrowing
χaχay 3.72 the lion 2. probably borrowed
ehe 3.73 the bear 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɨrʤaɣas tɨataːɣɨ 3.73 the bear 5. no evidence for borrowing
sahɨl 3.74 the fox 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɨrsa 3.74 the fox 5. no evidence for borrowing
kulaːhay 3.75 the deer 4. very little evidence for borrowing
tebien 3.78 the camel 1. clearly borrowed
üön 3.81 the insect 2. probably borrowed
üön-köyüːr 3.81 the insect 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨt 3.811 the head louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨt 3.8112 the body louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨt saːɣa 3.812 the nit 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨlaχɨ 3.813 the flea 1. clearly borrowed
tarakaːn 3.816 the cockroach 1. clearly borrowed
< tarakan ( Tatar )
kɨmɨrdaɣas 3.817 the ant 5. no evidence for borrowing
oːɣuy, aːɣɨy 3.818 the spider 2. probably borrowed
oːɣuy sitime 3.819 the spider web 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨŋɨrɨa 3.82 the bee 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨŋɨrɨa uyata 3.822 the beehive 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɨgaːyɨ, tigeːyi 3.823 the wasp 5. no evidence for borrowing
saχsɨrɣa 3.83 the fly 5. no evidence for borrowing
oŋoːyu 3.831 the sandfly or midge or gnat 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɨːmaːyɨ 3.831 the sandfly or midge or gnat 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨrdaχ 3.832 the mosquito 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kumaːr 3.832 the mosquito 1. clearly borrowed
čierbe 3.84 the worm 1. clearly borrowed
moɣoy 3.85 the snake 1. clearly borrowed
erien üön 3.85 the snake 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuobaχ 3.863 the hare 5. no evidence for borrowing
tiːŋ 3.869 the squirrel 5. no evidence for borrowing
taba 3.871 the reindeer/caribou 5. no evidence for borrowing
taỹax 3.872 the elk/moose 4. very little evidence for borrowing
buobura 3.873 the beaver 1. clearly borrowed
ürümečči 3.92 the butterfly 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ahɨŋa 3.93 the grasshopper 5. no evidence for borrowing
čoχu χaːta 3.94 the snail 5. no evidence for borrowing
baɣa 3.95 the frog 5. no evidence for borrowing
külgeri 3.96 the lizard 2. probably borrowed
et (1) 4.11 the body 5. no evidence for borrowing
tiriː 4.12 the skin or hide 5. no evidence for borrowing
et (1) 4.13 the flesh 5. no evidence for borrowing
battaχ 4.14 the hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
as (1) 4.14 the hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨtɨk 4.142 the beard 5. no evidence for borrowing
tüː 4.144 the body hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
tüː 4.145 the pubic hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
χoɣoho 4.146 the dandruff 4. very little evidence for borrowing
χaːn 4.15 the blood 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɨmɨr 4.151 the vein or artery 5. no evidence for borrowing
uŋuoχ 4.16 the bone 5. no evidence for borrowing
oyoɣos uŋuoɣa 4.162 the rib 5. no evidence for borrowing
muos 4.17 the horn 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuturuk 4.18 the tail 5. no evidence for borrowing
köɣüs 4.19 the back 5. no evidence for borrowing
uorɣa 4.191 the spine 5. no evidence for borrowing
tonoɣos 4.191 the spine 4. very little evidence for borrowing
bas (1) 4.2 the head 5. no evidence for borrowing
töbö 4.2 the head 5. no evidence for borrowing
čečegey 4.201 the temples 2. probably borrowed
čančɨk 4.201 the temples 1. clearly borrowed
čabɨrɣay 4.201 the temples 1. clearly borrowed
töbö uŋuoɣa 4.202 the skull 5. no evidence for borrowing
meyiː 4.203 the brain 5. no evidence for borrowing
sirey 4.204 the face 1. clearly borrowed
süːs (1) 4.205 the forehead 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɨŋaːχ 4.207 the jaw 5. no evidence for borrowing
iedes 4.208 the cheek 5. no evidence for borrowing
seŋiye 4.209 the chin 5. no evidence for borrowing
χaraχ 4.21 the eye 5. no evidence for borrowing
χaːs (2) 4.212 the eyebrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
χaltaha 4.213 the eyelid 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kɨlaman 4.214 the eyelash 5. no evidence for borrowing
čapčɨlɨy, čɨpčɨlɨy 4.215 to blink 5. no evidence for borrowing
kulgaːχ 4.22 the ear 5. no evidence for borrowing
kulgaːχ eminɲeɣe 4.221 the earlobe 5. no evidence for borrowing
kulgaːχ χoɣohoto 4.222 the earwax 5. no evidence for borrowing
murun 4.23 the nose 5. no evidence for borrowing
tanɨː 4.231 the nostril 4. very little evidence for borrowing
murun χayaɣaha 4.231 the nostril 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɨːŋk 4.232 the nasal mucus 3. perhaps borrowed
aỹaχ 4.24 the mouth 5. no evidence for borrowing
tumus 4.241 the beak 5. no evidence for borrowing
uos (1) 4.25 the lip 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɨl 4.26 the tongue 5. no evidence for borrowing
tiːs 4.27 the tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
miːle 4.271 the gums 1. clearly borrowed
balta 4.272 the molar tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
moːy 4.28 the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing
arɣas 4.281 the nape of the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing
sürün 4.281 the nape of the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing
küömey 4.29 the throat 1. clearly borrowed
sarɨn 4.3 the shoulder 5. no evidence for borrowing
sarɨn χaptaɣaya 4.301 the shoulderblade 5. no evidence for borrowing
χomurɣan 4.302 the collarbone 2. probably borrowed
iliː 4.31 the arm 5. no evidence for borrowing
χonnoχ 4.312 the armpit 5. no evidence for borrowing
toŋoloχ, toɣonoχ 4.32 the elbow 5. no evidence for borrowing
begečček 4.321 the wrist 5. no evidence for borrowing
iliː 4.33 the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨtɨs 4.331 the palm of the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
tarbaχ 4.34 the finger 5. no evidence for borrowing
erbeχ 4.342 the thumb 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɨŋɨraχ 4.344 the fingernail 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɨŋɨraχ 4.345 the claw 5. no evidence for borrowing
ataχ 4.35 the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing
buːt 4.351 the thigh 5. no evidence for borrowing
soto bötöɣötö 4.352 the calf of the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing
tobuk 4.36 the knee 5. no evidence for borrowing
ulluŋaχ 4.37 the foot 5. no evidence for borrowing
ataχ 4.37 the foot 5. no evidence for borrowing
berbeːkey 4.371 the ankle 1. clearly borrowed
tileχ, tiŋileχ 4.372 the heel 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ataχ suola 4.374 the footprint 5. no evidence for borrowing
tarbaχ 4.38 the toe 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɨnat 4.392 the wing 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuorsun 4.393 the feather 1. clearly borrowed
tüös 4.4 the chest 5. no evidence for borrowing
emiːy 4.41 the breast 5. no evidence for borrowing
tumuk 4.412 the nipple or teat 5. no evidence for borrowing
emiːy 4.42 the udder 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiːn 4.43 the navel 5. no evidence for borrowing
is (1) 4.431 the belly 5. no evidence for borrowing
süreχ 4.44 the heart 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɨŋa 4.441 the lung 1. clearly borrowed
bɨar 4.45 the liver 5. no evidence for borrowing
büör 4.451 the kidney 5. no evidence for borrowing
taːl 4.452 the spleen 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurtaχ 4.46 the stomach 5. no evidence for borrowing
ohoɣostor 4.461 the intestines or guts 5. no evidence for borrowing
biːl 4.462 the waist 5. no evidence for borrowing
öttük 4.463 the hip 5. no evidence for borrowing
ulluk 4.463 the hip 5. no evidence for borrowing
emehe 4.464 the buttocks 4. very little evidence for borrowing
iŋiːr 4.465 the sinew or tendon 5. no evidence for borrowing
kieli 4.47 the womb 1. clearly borrowed
buom 4.47 the womb 5. no evidence for borrowing
matka 4.47 the womb 1. clearly borrowed
tahaːχ 4.49 the testicles 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɨmɨːt 4.49 the testicles 5. no evidence for borrowing
übüs 4.492 the penis 4. very little evidence for borrowing
abas 4.493 the vagina 5. no evidence for borrowing
abas 4.494 the vulva 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɨːn 4.51 to breathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʤaːhɨy 4.52 to yawn 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʤeg ( Evenki )
böt 4.521 to hiccough 5. no evidence for borrowing
sötölün 4.53 to cough 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨtɨrt 4.54 to sneeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
tirit 4.55 to perspire 5. no evidence for borrowing
silleː 4.56 to spit 5. no evidence for borrowing
χotuolaː 4.57 to vomit 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨtɨr 4.58 to bite 5. no evidence for borrowing
salaː 4.59 to lick 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɨraːnnan 4.591 to dribble 5. no evidence for borrowing
utuy 4.61 to sleep 5. no evidence for borrowing
χahɨŋɨraː 4.612 to snore 5. no evidence for borrowing
tüheː 4.62 to dream 5. no evidence for borrowing
uhugun 4.63 to wake up 5. no evidence for borrowing
uturuktaː 4.64 to fart 5. no evidence for borrowing
iːkteː 4.65 to piss 5. no evidence for borrowing
saːχtaː 4.66 to shit 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɨar 4.67 to have sex 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɨn 4.67 to have sex 5. no evidence for borrowing
ilibireː 4.68 to shiver 5. no evidence for borrowing
suːn 4.69 to bathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
üösket 4.71 to beget 1. clearly borrowed
oŋor 4.71 to beget 5. no evidence for borrowing
töröː 4.72 to be born 5. no evidence for borrowing
isteːχ 4.73 pregnant 5. no evidence for borrowing
χat (1) 4.73 pregnant 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ɨaraχan 4.73 pregnant 5. no evidence for borrowing
χat (1) buol 4.732 to conceive 5. no evidence for borrowing
isteːχ buol 4.732 to conceive 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨaraχan buol 4.732 to conceive 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɨːnnaːχ 4.74 to be alive 5. no evidence for borrowing
oloχ 4.741 the life 5. no evidence for borrowing
öl 4.75 to die 5. no evidence for borrowing
ölbüt 4.7501 dead 5. no evidence for borrowing
uːga tüs 4.751 to drown 5. no evidence for borrowing
ölör 4.76 to kill 5. no evidence for borrowing
ölük 4.77 the corpse 5. no evidence for borrowing
et (1) 4.771 the carcass 5. no evidence for borrowing
köm 4.78 to bury 5. no evidence for borrowing
kihi uŋuoɣa 4.79 the grave 5. no evidence for borrowing
iːn 4.79 the grave 5. no evidence for borrowing
küːsteːχ 4.81 strong 5. no evidence for borrowing
möltöχ 4.82 weak 5. no evidence for borrowing
čegien 4.83 healthy 3. perhaps borrowed
ɨalʤar 4.84 sick/ill 5. no evidence for borrowing
temperatura 4.841 the fever 1. clearly borrowed
soɣuo 4.842 the goitre/goiter 1. clearly borrowed
ur 4.842 the goitre/goiter 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɨmnɨyɨː 4.843 the cold 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨarɨː 4.844 the disease 5. no evidence for borrowing
baːs 4.85 the wound or sore 5. no evidence for borrowing
köɣörüː 4.852 the bruise 5. no evidence for borrowing
ölörünüː 4.852 the bruise 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuturguya 4.853 the swelling 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kɨhɨː 4.854 the itch 5. no evidence for borrowing
tarbaː 4.8541 to scratch 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨha aːllarbɨt 4.855 the blister 5. no evidence for borrowing
χabɨllan taχsɨbɨt 4.855 the blister 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuturguya 4.856 the boil 4. very little evidence for borrowing
iriŋe 4.857 the pus 5. no evidence for borrowing
čer 4.858 the scar 1. clearly borrowed
ser ( Buryat )
emteː 4.86 to cure 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨraːs 4.87 the physician 1. clearly borrowed
emčit 4.87 the physician 5. no evidence for borrowing
emp 4.88 the medicine 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʤaːt 4.89 the poison 1. clearly borrowed
jad ( Russian )
sülühün 4.89 the poison 1. clearly borrowed
sɨlaːybɨt 4.91 tired 1. clearly borrowed
sɨnɲan 4.912 to rest 5. no evidence for borrowing
süreɣe suoχ 4.92 lazy 5. no evidence for borrowing
taraɣay 4.93 bald 2. probably borrowed
doɣoloŋ 4.94 lame 1. clearly borrowed
ʤüley 4.95 deaf 1. clearly borrowed
tɨla suoχ 4.96 mute 5. no evidence for borrowing
balay 4.97 blind 1. clearly borrowed
χaraɣa suoχ 4.97 blind 5. no evidence for borrowing
itirik 4.98 drunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɨgɨnɲaχ 4.99 naked 5. no evidence for borrowing
sie 5.11 to eat 5. no evidence for borrowing
ahaː (1) 5.11 to eat 5. no evidence for borrowing
as (2) 5.12 the food 5. no evidence for borrowing
ahɨlɨk 5.12 the food 5. no evidence for borrowing
busput 5.121 cooked 5. no evidence for borrowing
siːkey 5.122 raw 5. no evidence for borrowing
busput 5.123 ripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
sippit 5.123 ripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
siːkey 5.124 unripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
site ilik 5.124 unripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɨtɨybɨt 5.125 rotten 5. no evidence for borrowing
is (2) 5.13 to drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
aččɨktaː 5.14 to be hungry 5. no evidence for borrowing
sut 5.141 the famine 5. no evidence for borrowing
χorguyuː 5.141 the famine 5. no evidence for borrowing
utat 5.15 to be thirsty 5. no evidence for borrowing
em 5.16 to suck 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨstaː 5.18 to chew 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨỹɨhɨn 5.181 to swallow 5. no evidence for borrowing
χar 5.19 to choke 5. no evidence for borrowing
čačay 5.19 to choke 1. clearly borrowed
tɨːnɨn χaːy 5.19 to choke 5. no evidence for borrowing
buhar 5.21 to cook 5. no evidence for borrowing
orguy 5.22 to boil 1. clearly borrowed
ɨhaːrɨlaː 5.23 to roast or fry 1. clearly borrowed
horkuoydaː 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing
üt 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing
buhar 5.24 to bake 5. no evidence for borrowing
ohoχ 5.25 the oven 5. no evidence for borrowing
küös 5.26 the pot 5. no evidence for borrowing
olguy, algɨy 5.26 the pot 4. very little evidence for borrowing
čuguːn 5.26 the pot 1. clearly borrowed
köstörüːle 5.26 the pot 1. clearly borrowed
soluːr, salɨːr 5.26 the pot 5. no evidence for borrowing
čaːnɲɨk 5.27 the kettle 1. clearly borrowed
χobordoːχ 5.28 the pan 1. clearly borrowed
bülüːde 5.31 the dish 1. clearly borrowed
terielke 5.32 the plate 1. clearly borrowed
miːske 5.33 the bowl 1. clearly borrowed
taːs (2) 5.33 the bowl 1. clearly borrowed
taz ( Russian )
kupsuːn 5.34 the jug/pitcher 1. clearly borrowed
čaːskɨ 5.35 the cup 1. clearly borrowed
bülüːhe 5.36 the saucer 1. clearly borrowed
luoska 5.37 the spoon 1. clearly borrowed
bɨhaχ 5.38 the knife(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
biriːppe 5.38 the knife(1) 1. clearly borrowed
biːlke 5.39 the fork 1. clearly borrowed
sɨpsɨː 5.391 the tongs 1. clearly borrowed
asaːhɨn 5.41 the meal 5. no evidence for borrowing
čeydeː 5.42 the breakfast 5. no evidence for borrowing
ebiet 5.43 the lunch 1. clearly borrowed
ebiet 5.44 the dinner 1. clearly borrowed
čeydeː 5.45 the supper 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨraːstaː 5.46 to peel 5. no evidence for borrowing
χaχtaː, χaɣɨlaː 5.46 to peel 5. no evidence for borrowing
siːdeleː 5.47 to sieve or to strain 5. no evidence for borrowing
aːl (1) 5.48 to scrape 5. no evidence for borrowing
bulkuy 5.49 to stir or to mix 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiliep 5.51 the bread 1. clearly borrowed
tieste 5.53 the dough 1. clearly borrowed
mehiy 5.54 to knead 1. clearly borrowed
burduk 5.55 the flour 4. very little evidence for borrowing
tart 5.56 to crush or to grind 5. no evidence for borrowing
meliy 5.56 to crush or to grind 2. probably borrowed
mieliŋse 5.57 the mill 1. clearly borrowed
keliː 5.58 the mortar(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
et (1) 5.61 the meat 5. no evidence for borrowing
χalbahɨ 5.63 the sausage 1. clearly borrowed
sasiska 5.63 the sausage 1. clearly borrowed
miːn (1) 5.64 the soup 3. perhaps borrowed
< mien ( Chinese )
oɣuruot aha 5.65 the vegetables 5. no evidence for borrowing
χortuoska 5.7 the potato 1. clearly borrowed
χortuopuy 5.7 the potato 1. clearly borrowed
erieχe 5.77 the nut 1. clearly borrowed
mas arɨːta 5.79 the oil 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɨa 5.791 the grease or fat 5. no evidence for borrowing
tuːs 5.81 the salt 5. no evidence for borrowing
bieres 5.82 the pepper 1. clearly borrowed
müöt 5.84 the honey 1. clearly borrowed
saːχar 5.85 the sugar 1. clearly borrowed
üːt (1) 5.86 the milk 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨa 5.87 to milk 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɨːr (2) 5.88 the cheese 1. clearly borrowed
syr ( Russian )
arɨː (2) 5.89 the butter 5. no evidence for borrowing
utaχ 5.9 the drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
arɨgɨ 5.92 the wine 2. probably borrowed
< ʕaraq ( Arabic )
piːbe 5.93 the beer 1. clearly borrowed
bɨraːga 5.94 the fermented drink 1. clearly borrowed
sɨmɨːt 5.97 the egg 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɨmɨːt uoɣaha 5.971 the yolk 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɨmɨːt araɣaha 5.971 the yolk 5. no evidence for borrowing
ket 6.11 to put on 5. no evidence for borrowing
taŋɨnnar 6.11 to put on 5. no evidence for borrowing
taŋas 6.12 the clothing or clothes 5. no evidence for borrowing
iːstenɲeŋ 6.13 the tailor 5. no evidence for borrowing
taŋas 6.21 the cloth 5. no evidence for borrowing
tüː 6.22 the wool 5. no evidence for borrowing
siːdes 6.24 the cotton 1. clearly borrowed
solko 6.25 the silk 1. clearly borrowed
boːlʤoχ 6.27 the felt 1. clearly borrowed
tüː 6.28 the fur 5. no evidence for borrowing
tiriː 6.29 the leather 5. no evidence for borrowing
ör (1) 6.31 to spin 5. no evidence for borrowing
χat (2) 6.31 to spin 5. no evidence for borrowing
tik 6.35 to sew 5. no evidence for borrowing
iːsten 6.35 to sew 5. no evidence for borrowing
inne 6.36 the needle(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
bürges 6.37 the awl 5. no evidence for borrowing
sap (1) 6.38 the thread 3. perhaps borrowed
sap ( Turkic )
kɨraːskalaː 6.39 to dye 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨlaːččɨya 6.42 the (woman's) dress 1. clearly borrowed
ɨrbaːχɨ 6.42 the (woman's) dress 1. clearly borrowed
son 6.43 the coat 4. very little evidence for borrowing
boltuo 6.43 the coat 1. clearly borrowed
saɣinɲaχ 6.43 the coat 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨrbaːχɨ 6.44 the shirt 1. clearly borrowed
saročka 6.44 the shirt 1. clearly borrowed
saɣa 6.45 the collar 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʤuːppa 6.46 the skirt 1. clearly borrowed
ɨstaːn 6.48 the trousers 1. clearly borrowed
bürüːke 6.48 the trousers 1. clearly borrowed
čulku, čukku 6.49 the sock or stocking 1. clearly borrowed
naskɨ 6.49 the sock or stocking 1. clearly borrowed
tüːppüle 6.51 the shoe 1. clearly borrowed
bačɨːnka 6.51 the shoe 1. clearly borrowed
sappɨkɨ 6.52 the boot 1. clearly borrowed
untuː 6.52 the boot 1. clearly borrowed
unta ( Evenki )
eterbes 6.52 the boot 5. no evidence for borrowing
sappɨkɨhɨt 6.54 the shoemaker 5. no evidence for borrowing
seleːppe 6.55 the hat or cap 1. clearly borrowed
bergehe 6.55 the hat or cap 5. no evidence for borrowing
kur 6.57 the belt 5. no evidence for borrowing
tarbaχ ütülük 6.58 the glove 5. no evidence for borrowing
siep 6.61 the pocket 1. clearly borrowed
zep ( Russian )
timeχ 6.62 the button 5. no evidence for borrowing
bulaːpka 6.63 the pin 1. clearly borrowed
kiergel 6.71 the ornament or adornment 5. no evidence for borrowing
simeχ 6.71 the ornament or adornment 3. perhaps borrowed
kündü taːs 6.72 the jewel 5. no evidence for borrowing
kündü mal 6.72 the jewel 5. no evidence for borrowing
külüːske 6.73 the ring 1. clearly borrowed
bihileχ 6.73 the ring 5. no evidence for borrowing
böɣöχ 6.74 the bracelet 5. no evidence for borrowing
χoruoŋka 6.75 the necklace 1. clearly borrowed
oɣuruo, aɣɨrɨa 6.75 the necklace 4. very little evidence for borrowing
oɣuruo, aɣɨrɨa 6.76 the bead 4. very little evidence for borrowing
χoruoŋka 6.76 the bead 1. clearly borrowed
ɨtarɣa 6.77 the earring 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨlaːt 6.78 the headband or headdress 1. clearly borrowed
bastɨŋa 6.78 the headband or headdress 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨlaːt 6.81 the handkerchief or rag 1. clearly borrowed
sottor 6.82 the towel 5. no evidence for borrowing
taraːχ 6.91 the comb 5. no evidence for borrowing
suokka 6.92 the brush 1. clearly borrowed
suhuoχ, sɨhɨaχ 6.921 the plait/braid 3. perhaps borrowed
biriːppe 6.93 the razor 1. clearly borrowed
maːs 6.94 the ointment 1. clearly borrowed
oɣunuoχ, aɣɨnɨaχ 6.94 the ointment 5. no evidence for borrowing
mɨːla 6.95 the soap 1. clearly borrowed
sierkele 6.96 the mirror 1. clearly borrowed
χayɨhar 6.98 the snowshoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
olor 7.11 to live 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʤie 7.12 the house 4. very little evidence for borrowing
üːteːn 7.13 the hut 1. clearly borrowed
balaːkka 7.14 the tent 1. clearly borrowed
olbuor 7.15 the yard or court 1. clearly borrowed
tiergen 7.15 the yard or court 2. probably borrowed
telgehe 7.15 the yard or court 2. probably borrowed
χospoχ 7.17 the cookhouse 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuluːp 7.18 the meeting house 1. clearly borrowed
sugulaːn 7.18 the meeting house 1. clearly borrowed
χos 7.21 the room 5. no evidence for borrowing
aːn 7.22 the door or gate 5. no evidence for borrowing
aːn sɨŋaːɣa 7.221 the doorpost 5. no evidence for borrowing
χoluoda 7.221 the doorpost 1. clearly borrowed
χataːhɨn 7.23 the lock 1. clearly borrowed
külüːs 7.23 the lock 1. clearly borrowed
χataːhɨn 7.231 the latch or door-bolt 1. clearly borrowed
külüːs 7.232 the padlock 1. clearly borrowed
külüːs tɨla 7.24 the key 5. no evidence for borrowing
tünnük 7.25 the window 5. no evidence for borrowing
muosta 7.26 the floor 1. clearly borrowed
istiene 7.27 the wall 1. clearly borrowed
erkin 7.27 the wall 5. no evidence for borrowing
ohoχ 7.31 the fireplace 5. no evidence for borrowing
kömülüök 7.31 the fireplace 1. clearly borrowed
ohoχ 7.32 the stove 5. no evidence for borrowing
turba 7.33 the chimney 1. clearly borrowed
üöles 7.33 the chimney 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kirilies 7.37 the ladder 1. clearly borrowed
oron 7.42 the bed 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɨttɨk 7.421 the pillow 5. no evidence for borrowing
suorɣan 7.422 the blanket 5. no evidence for borrowing
oloppos 7.43 the chair 5. no evidence for borrowing
ustuːl 7.43 the chair 1. clearly borrowed
ostuol 7.44 the table 1. clearly borrowed
sandalɨ 7.44 the table 1. clearly borrowed
laːmpa 7.45 the lamp or torch 1. clearly borrowed
banaːr 7.45 the lamp or torch 1. clearly borrowed
čümeči 7.46 the candle 1. clearly borrowed
dolbuːr, dalbɨːr 7.47 the shelf 1. clearly borrowed
χoruːda 7.48 the trough 1. clearly borrowed
kɨrɨːsa 7.51 the roof 1. clearly borrowed
χoruobuya 7.51 the roof 1. clearly borrowed
sis 7.53 the ridgepole 5. no evidence for borrowing
χoruobuya ataɣa 7.54 the rafter 5. no evidence for borrowing
öhüö 7.55 the beam 5. no evidence for borrowing
ostuolba 7.56 the post or pole 1. clearly borrowed
baɣana 7.56 the post or pole 1. clearly borrowed
χaptahɨn 7.57 the board 1. clearly borrowed
kirpiːčče 7.62 the brick 1. clearly borrowed
ispieske 7.63 the mortar(2) 1. clearly borrowed
tühülge 7.65 the camp 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨːstaː 7.67 to tan 5. no evidence for borrowing
baːhɨnay 8.11 the farmer 1. clearly borrowed
baːhɨna 8.12 the field 1. clearly borrowed
oɣuruot 8.13 the garden 1. clearly borrowed
siri oŋor 8.15 to cultivate 5. no evidence for borrowing
kürüo 8.16 the fence 1. clearly borrowed
χanaːba 8.17 the ditch 1. clearly borrowed
χoruː 8.17 the ditch 5. no evidence for borrowing
χorut 8.21 to plough/plow 1. clearly borrowed
χorutuː 8.212 the furrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
χas (1) 8.22 to dig 5. no evidence for borrowing
kürʤeχ 8.23 the spade 5. no evidence for borrowing
kürʤeχ 8.24 the shovel 5. no evidence for borrowing
bahɨmɲɨ 8.25 the hoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
atɨrʤaχ 8.26 the fork(2)/pitchfork 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɨraːbɨl 8.27 the rake 1. clearly borrowed
mamɨkta 8.29 the lasso 1. clearly borrowed
ɨs 8.31 to sow 5. no evidence for borrowing
sieme 8.311 the seed 1. clearly borrowed
oɣus (2) 8.32 to mow 5. no evidence for borrowing
χotuːr 8.33 the sickle or scythe 1. clearly borrowed
sɨs 8.34 to thresh 5. no evidence for borrowing
astaː 8.34 to thresh 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuːmna 8.35 the threshing-floor 1. clearly borrowed
üːnüː 8.41 the harvest 5. no evidence for borrowing
burduk 8.42 the grain 4. very little evidence for borrowing
seliehiney 8.43 the wheat 1. clearly borrowed
ʤehimien, nečimien (archaic) 8.44 the barley 1. clearly borrowed
oruos 8.45 the rye 1. clearly borrowed
ebies 8.46 the oats 1. clearly borrowed
kukuruza 8.47 the maize/corn 1. clearly borrowed
iriːs 8.48 the rice 1. clearly borrowed
ris ( Russian )
ot 8.51 the grass 5. no evidence for borrowing
ot 8.52 the hay 5. no evidence for borrowing
üːneːyi 8.53 the plant 5. no evidence for borrowing
üːnner 8.531 to plant 5. no evidence for borrowing
silis 8.54 the root 5. no evidence for borrowing
törüt 8.54 the root 5. no evidence for borrowing
labaː 8.55 the branch 3. perhaps borrowed
mutuk 8.55 the branch 5. no evidence for borrowing
sebirdeχ 8.56 the leaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
sibekki 8.57 the flower 1. clearly borrowed
mas 8.6 the tree 2. probably borrowed
luːk 8.61 the oak 1. clearly borrowed
dub ( Russian )
χatɨŋ 8.63 the birch 5. no evidence for borrowing
bes 8.64 the pine 4. very little evidence for borrowing
χarɨya 8.65 the fir 5. no evidence for borrowing
tabaχ 8.68 the tobacco 1. clearly borrowed
tabaχtaː 8.69 to smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
tart 8.69 to smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
χamsa, gaŋsa 8.691 the pipe 1. clearly borrowed
töŋürges 8.72 the tree stump 5. no evidence for borrowing
čöɣöčök 8.72 the tree stump 1. clearly borrowed
umnas 8.73 the tree trunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
mas 8.73 the tree trunk 2. probably borrowed
ačaːχ 8.74 the forked branch 2. probably borrowed
χatɨrɨk 8.75 the bark 5. no evidence for borrowing
sime 8.76 the sap 1. clearly borrowed
χatɨː ot 8.97 the nettle 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨtɨrɨːk ot 8.97 the nettle 5. no evidence for borrowing
telley 8.98 the mushroom 5. no evidence for borrowing
kunaːχ 8.98 the mushroom 4. very little evidence for borrowing
tiːt 8.991 the larch 2. probably borrowed
mutukča, mučukta 8.993 the needle(2) 2. probably borrowed
tuoraːχ 8.996 the cone 5. no evidence for borrowing
gɨn 9.11 to do 5. no evidence for borrowing
oŋor 9.111 to make 5. no evidence for borrowing
üle 9.12 the work 1. clearly borrowed
tokurut 9.14 to bend 1. clearly borrowed
ieχ 9.14 to bend 5. no evidence for borrowing
bük tut 9.15 to fold 5. no evidence for borrowing
baːy (1) 9.16 to tie 5. no evidence for borrowing
kelgiy 9.16 to tie 1. clearly borrowed
süör 9.161 to untie 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɨap 9.18 the chain 1. clearly borrowed
bɨa 9.19 the rope 5. no evidence for borrowing
tümük 9.192 the knot 5. no evidence for borrowing
oɣus (2) 9.21 to strike or hit or beat 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɨrbaː 9.21 to strike or hit or beat 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɨs 9.21 to strike or hit or beat 5. no evidence for borrowing
suturɣaː 9.211 to pound 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨs 9.22 to cut 5. no evidence for borrowing
kert 9.221 to cut down 5. no evidence for borrowing
χayɨt 9.222 to chop 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨhaɣɨnan as 9.223 to stab 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨhaχ 9.23 the knife(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɨptɨy 9.24 the scissors or shears 5. no evidence for borrowing
süge 9.25 the axe/ax 1. clearly borrowed
alʤat 9.26 to break 5. no evidence for borrowing
ültürüt 9.26 to break 1. clearly borrowed
alʤammɨt 9.261 broken 5. no evidence for borrowing
ültürüybüt 9.261 broken 5. no evidence for borrowing
χayɨt 9.27 to split 5. no evidence for borrowing
χaya tart 9.28 to tear 5. no evidence for borrowing
tiriːtin sül 9.29 to skin 5. no evidence for borrowing
aːl (1) 9.31 to rub 5. no evidence for borrowing
sot 9.311 to wipe 5. no evidence for borrowing
uːnnar 9.32 to stretch 5. no evidence for borrowing
tenit 9.32 to stretch 1. clearly borrowed
tart 9.33 to pull 5. no evidence for borrowing
telget 9.34 to spread out 1. clearly borrowed
ɨyaː 9.341 to hang up 4. very little evidence for borrowing
battaː 9.342 to press 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɨk 9.343 to squeeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
kut (1) 9.35 to pour 5. no evidence for borrowing
suːy 9.36 to wash 5. no evidence for borrowing
χarbaː (2) 9.37 to sweep 1. clearly borrowed
miːnɲik 9.38 the broom 1. clearly borrowed
sep 9.422 the tool 2. probably borrowed
mas uːha 9.43 the carpenter 5. no evidence for borrowing
tut 9.44 to build 5. no evidence for borrowing
üːtteː 9.46 to bore 5. no evidence for borrowing
χas (1) 9.461 to hollow out 5. no evidence for borrowing
erbiː 9.48 the saw 5. no evidence for borrowing
ötüye 9.49 the hammer 4. very little evidence for borrowing
balta 9.49 the hammer 5. no evidence for borrowing
tohoɣo 9.5 the nail 3. perhaps borrowed
silim 9.56 the glue 5. no evidence for borrowing
timir uːha 9.6 the blacksmith 5. no evidence for borrowing
taptay 9.61 to forge 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɨstɨk 9.62 the anvil 5. no evidence for borrowing
kut (1) 9.63 to cast 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɨhɨl kömüs 9.64 the gold 5. no evidence for borrowing
ürüŋ kömüs 9.65 the silver 5. no evidence for borrowing
altan 9.66 the copper 5. no evidence for borrowing
timir (1) 9.67 the iron 5. no evidence for borrowing
sibinɲeːs 9.68 the lead 1. clearly borrowed
ɲaːlbaːn 9.69 the tin or tinplate 5. no evidence for borrowing
küösčüt 9.71 the potter 5. no evidence for borrowing
oŋor 9.72 to mould/mold 5. no evidence for borrowing
tuoy 9.73 the clay 5. no evidence for borrowing
östüöküle 9.74 the glass 1. clearly borrowed
tünnük ta:ha 9.74 the glass 5. no evidence for borrowing
ör (1) 9.75 to weave or plait/braid 5. no evidence for borrowing
korzina 9.76 the basket 1. clearly borrowed
tɨmtay 9.76 the basket 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kumalaːn 9.771 the rug 1. clearly borrowed
sörüːketer 9.79 the fan 5. no evidence for borrowing
sapsɨn 9.791 to fan 1. clearly borrowed
bɨs 9.81 to carve 5. no evidence for borrowing
čüːččü 9.84 the chisel 1. clearly borrowed
kɨraːska 9.88 the paint 1. clearly borrowed
butuk 9.88 the paint 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɨraːskalaː 9.89 to paint 5. no evidence for borrowing
butuy 9.89 to paint 5. no evidence for borrowing
bas (2) 9.9 to draw water 5. no evidence for borrowing
tohoɣo 9.91 the peg 3. perhaps borrowed
buruːs 9.93