Oroqen Vocabulary

by Fengxiang Li & Lindsay J. Whaley

The vocabulary contains 1205 meaning-word pairs from the recipient language Oroqen . The corresponding text chapter was published in the book "Loanwords in the World's Languages". The language page Oroqen contains a list of all loanwords arranged by donor languoid.

The word is given in the usual orthography or transcription, and in the usual citation form.

Click on a word to get even more information than is shown in this table.

The Loanword Typology code is the identifier of the Loanword Typology meaning. Sorting by LWT Code sorts the words thematically by semantic field.
This column shows the labels of the Loanword Typology meanings. By clicking on a meaning label, you get more information about the meaning, as well as a list of all words that are counterparts of that meaning.

There are five borrowed statuses, reflecting decreasing likelihood that the word is a loanword:

  1. clearly borrowed
  2. probably borrowed
  3. perhaps borrowed
  4. very little evidence for borrowing
  5. no evidence for borrowing
This is the time period during which the word is hypothesized to have come into the language as a loanword, or during which it is first attested, or for which it can be reconstructed.
This gives the usual written form for languages that do not use the Latin script.
For (possible) loanwords, this column shows the words in the source languages that served as models.
Word LWT Code Meaning Borrowed Status Source Words
[help] [help] [help] [help] [help]
bʊɣaŋi əlginin 1.1 the world 5. no evidence for borrowing
tur 1.21 the land 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʊkala 1.212 the soil 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɔ:rag 1.213 the dust 1. clearly borrowed
tilbaka 1.214 the mud 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃirgi 1.215 the sand 5. no evidence for borrowing
urə (1) 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing
kadar 1.222 the cliff or precipice 5. no evidence for borrowing
kumɛ 1.23 the plain 5. no evidence for borrowing
yɔpkɔn 1.24 the valley 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃigdəmki 1.25 the island 5. no evidence for borrowing
dalayŋi ŋə:kən 1.27 the shore 5. no evidence for borrowing
ultəkə 1.28 the cave 5. no evidence for borrowing
mu: 1.31 the water 5. no evidence for borrowing
dalay 1.32 the sea 2. probably borrowed
ɲumu 1.322 calm 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɔ:kun 1.324 the foam 5. no evidence for borrowing
amʊdʒi 1.33 the lake 5. no evidence for borrowing
amʊkan 1.33 the lake 5. no evidence for borrowing
dalay kɔ:tʃɔ 1.34 the bay 5. no evidence for borrowing
urkinən 1.35 the wave 5. no evidence for borrowing
bira 1.36 the river or stream 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊlgɛr 1.362 the whirlpool 5. no evidence for borrowing
bular 1.37 the spring or well 1. clearly borrowed
kʊdɪr 1.37 the spring or well 1. clearly borrowed
ʃiwar 1.38 the swamp 5. no evidence for borrowing
mɔ:ʃa 1.41 the woods or forest 5. no evidence for borrowing
mɔ: 1.43 the wood 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒɔlɔ 1.44 the stone or rock 5. no evidence for borrowing
iʃɛkək 1.44 the stone or rock 5. no evidence for borrowing
tur urtərgətʃə 1.45 the earthquake 5. no evidence for borrowing
bʊwa 1.51 the sky 5. no evidence for borrowing
dɪlatʃa 1.52 the sun 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃiwun 1.52 the sun 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɛga 1.53 the moon 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɔʃɪkta 1.54 the star 5. no evidence for borrowing
talɪɲʊ 1.55 the lightning 5. no evidence for borrowing
agdɪ 1.56 the thunder 5. no evidence for borrowing
oŋko: 1.58 the storm 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃə:run 1.59 the rainbow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɪla:n 1.61 the light 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃinko 1.62 the darkness 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃinmun 1.63 the shade or shadow 5. no evidence for borrowing
aɲan 1.63 the shade or shadow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃiləkʃə 1.64 the dew 5. no evidence for borrowing
ədin 1.72 the wind 5. no evidence for borrowing
tukʃu 1.73 the cloud 5. no evidence for borrowing
tamna 1.74 the fog 5. no evidence for borrowing
tigdə 1.75 the rain 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɪmana 1.76 the snow 5. no evidence for borrowing
umukʃu 1.77 the ice 5. no evidence for borrowing
dɔŋɔtɔ- 1.775 to freeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɔɣɔ 1.81 the fire 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃaŋŋan 1.83 the smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃəbgin 1.831 the steam 5. no evidence for borrowing
uləptən 1.84 the ash 5. no evidence for borrowing
iltʃi 1.841 the embers 5. no evidence for borrowing
dalga- 1.851 to burn(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒəgdə- 1.852 to burn(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
nul- 1.86 to light 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃi:- 1.861 to extinguish 5. no evidence for borrowing
pitʃikə 1.87 the match 1. clearly borrowed
tʃüdəŋ 1.87 the match 1. clearly borrowed
mɔ: 1.88 the firewood 5. no evidence for borrowing
yɛla 1.89 the charcoal 5. no evidence for borrowing
bəyə 2.1 the person 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲɪray 2.21 the man 5. no evidence for borrowing
aʃɪ 2.22 the woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲɪray 2.23 male(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
aʃɪ 2.24 female(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ulkəkən 2.25 the boy 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲɪrayɪkan 2.251 the young man 5. no evidence for borrowing
una:dʒɪkan 2.26 the girl 5. no evidence for borrowing
una:dʒɪ 2.261 the young woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɔ:kan 2.27 the child(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
nɔnɔ 2.28 the baby 5. no evidence for borrowing
ətirkən 2.31 the husband 5. no evidence for borrowing
atɪrkan 2.32 the wife 5. no evidence for borrowing
uyumə:- 2.33 to marry 5. no evidence for borrowing
uyə- 2.33 to marry 5. no evidence for borrowing
amɪn 2.35 the father 5. no evidence for borrowing
ənin 2.36 the mother 5. no evidence for borrowing
amɪnənin 2.37 the parents 5. no evidence for borrowing
uyəpdilə ɲɪray 2.38 the married man 5. no evidence for borrowing
uyəpdilə axɪ 2.39 the married woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
ulkəkan utə 2.41 the son 5. no evidence for borrowing
axakan utə 2.42 the daughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
utə 2.43 the child(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
akunən 2.44 the brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
akɪn 2.444 the older brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲɪray nəkun 2.445 the younger brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
əkunən 2.45 the sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
əkin 2.454 the older sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊna:dʒɪ nəkun 2.455 the younger sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
adama 2.46 the grandfather 5. no evidence for borrowing
yə:yə 2.46 the grandfather 1. clearly borrowed
ətirkkətʃən 2.461 the old man 5. no evidence for borrowing
ada 2.47 the grandmother 5. no evidence for borrowing
atirkka:tʃan 2.471 the old woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
ulkəkən/ɲɪrayɪ ɔmɔlɛ: 2.48 the grandson 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊna:dʒɪ/aʃɪ ɔmɔlɛ: 2.49 the granddaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɔmɔlɛ 2.5 the grandchild 5. no evidence for borrowing
na:tʃʊ 2.511 the mother's brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
ama:ka 2.512 the father's brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
əɲəkə 2.521 the mother's sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
əɲəkə 2.522 the father's sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒüy 2.53 the nephew 2. probably borrowed
dʒüy ʊna:dʒɪ 2.54 the niece 2. probably borrowed
tuwən 2.55 the cousin 5. no evidence for borrowing
ta:ra 2.55 the cousin 5. no evidence for borrowing
kadʊm amɪn 2.61 the father-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kadum ənin 2.62 the mother-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
arkɪ 2.621 the mother-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurə:kə:n 2.63 the son-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurə:kə:n 2.631 the son-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kukin 2.64 the daughter-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kukin 2.641 the daughter-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
amɪran 2.71 the stepfather 5. no evidence for borrowing
ənirən 2.72 the stepmother 5. no evidence for borrowing
aŋadʒan 2.75 the orphan 5. no evidence for borrowing
na:wun 2.76 the widow 5. no evidence for borrowing
na:wun 2.77 the widower 5. no evidence for borrowing
adi 2.81 the relatives 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒu: 2.82 the family 5. no evidence for borrowing
bi: 2.91 I 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃi: 2.92 you (singular) 5. no evidence for borrowing
nɔ:nɪn 2.93 he/she/it 5. no evidence for borrowing
tarɪ 2.93 he/she/it 5. no evidence for borrowing
nɔ:nin 2.931 he 5. no evidence for borrowing
nɔ:nin 2.932 she 5. no evidence for borrowing
tari 2.933 it 5. no evidence for borrowing
bu: 2.941 we (inclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing
mir 2.942 we (exclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing
miti 2.942 we (exclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃu 2.95 you (plural) 5. no evidence for borrowing
nɔ:tɪn 2.96 they 5. no evidence for borrowing
bəyiŋə 3.11 the animal 5. no evidence for borrowing
adirga 3.12 male(2) 1. clearly borrowed
gək 3.13 female(2) 2. probably borrowed
adʊʃun 3.15 the livestock 1. clearly borrowed
kumə 3.16 the pasture 5. no evidence for borrowing
kə:r 3.16 the pasture 5. no evidence for borrowing
adutʃin 3.18 the herdsman 3. perhaps borrowed
adirga ukur 3.21 the bull 2. probably borrowed
xukur ( Dagur )
ukur 3.22 the ox 2. probably borrowed
xukur ( Dagur )
gək ukur 3.23 the cow 2. probably borrowed
xukur ( Dagur )
tukətʃən 3.24 the calf 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʊnin 3.25 the sheep 2. probably borrowed
xoni: ( Dagur )
adirga kʊnin 3.26 the ram 2. probably borrowed
xoni: ( Dagur )
gək kʊnin 3.28 the ewe 2. probably borrowed
xoni: ( Dagur )
kʊnirkan 3.29 the lamb 2. probably borrowed
xoni: ( Dagur )
adirga ʊlgɛn 3.32 the boar 5. no evidence for borrowing
gək ʊlgɛn 3.34 the sow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊlgɛn 3.35 the pig 5. no evidence for borrowing
ima:n 3.36 the goat 2. probably borrowed
ima: ( Dagur )
adirga ima:n 3.37 the he-goat 2. probably borrowed
ima: ( Dagur )
ima:kan 3.38 the kid 2. probably borrowed
ima: ( Dagur )
mʊrɪn 3.41 the horse 5. no evidence for borrowing
adirga (mʊrɪn) 3.42 the stallion 2. probably borrowed
gək mʊrɪn 3.44 the mare 2. probably borrowed
ɲɔkɔn 3.45 the foal or colt 5. no evidence for borrowing
dəyi 3.5 the fowl 5. no evidence for borrowing
amɪna:n kakara 3.52 the cock/rooster 5. no evidence for borrowing
kakara 3.55 the chicken 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲuŋɲakɪ 3.56 the goose 5. no evidence for borrowing
nikitʃən 3.57 the duck 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃəktə 3.58 the nest 5. no evidence for borrowing
umuruk 3.58 the nest 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃinəkə 3.581 the bird 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃawtʃalɛ 3.583 the heron 5. no evidence for borrowing
igə:tʃən 3.584 the eagle 5. no evidence for borrowing
yə:tʃən 3.584 the eagle 5. no evidence for borrowing
nəməkəldun 3.591 the bat 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʊrakɪ 3.593 the crow 5. no evidence for borrowing
tutuyɛ 3.594 the dove 5. no evidence for borrowing
umulgun 3.596 the owl 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋanakin 3.61 the dog 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʊkʃakɪ 3.614 the rabbit 5. no evidence for borrowing
kə:kə 3.62 the cat 5. no evidence for borrowing
ənikə:n 3.63 the mouse or rat 5. no evidence for borrowing
əɲəkə:n 3.63 the mouse or rat 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɔlɔ 3.65 the fish 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃəlbɛ 3.652 the fin 5. no evidence for borrowing
əkikʃə 3.653 the scale 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃɛnɲə 3.654 the gill 5. no evidence for borrowing
guykə 3.71 the wolf 5. no evidence for borrowing
ətirkə:n 3.73 the bear 5. no evidence for borrowing
sʊlakɪ 3.74 the fox 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʊmaka 3.75 the deer 5. no evidence for borrowing
mɔɲɔ: 3.76 the monkey 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃawʊn 3.77 the elephant 5. no evidence for borrowing
təməkun 3.78 the camel 2. probably borrowed
kʊlɪkan 3.81 the insect 5. no evidence for borrowing
kumkə 3.811 the head louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuŋkə: 3.8112 the body louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
uktə 3.812 the nit 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃʊra 3.813 the flea 5. no evidence for borrowing
tarakan 3.816 the cockroach 5. no evidence for borrowing
iriktə 3.817 the ant 5. no evidence for borrowing
ata:kɛ: 3.818 the spider 5. no evidence for borrowing
ata:kɛ:ŋi adɪlɪn 3.819 the spider web 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒu:gdu 3.82 the bee 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒu:gduŋi dʒu:n 3.822 the beehive 5. no evidence for borrowing
gədinəktə 3.823 the wasp 5. no evidence for borrowing
dilkə:tʃən 3.83 the fly 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃʊkʊmʊkta 3.831 the sandfly or midge or gnat 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲalmakta 3.832 the mosquito 5. no evidence for borrowing
iriktə 3.834 the termites 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuŋkə: 3.835 the tick 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʊlikan 3.84 the worm 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʊlɪn 3.85 the snake 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʊkʃakɪ 3.863 the hare 5. no evidence for borrowing
urkitʃɛn 3.869 the squirrel 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɔrɔn (2) 3.871 the reindeer/caribou 5. no evidence for borrowing
bəyun 3.872 the elk/moose 5. no evidence for borrowing
budunə 3.91 the firefly 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɔldɪkan 3.92 the butterfly 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃuʃikun 3.93 the grasshopper 5. no evidence for borrowing
ərəki 3.95 the frog 5. no evidence for borrowing
iʃələ 3.96 the lizard 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaβila 3.98 the turtle 1. clearly borrowed
xabil ( Dagur )
bəyə 4.11 the body 5. no evidence for borrowing
nana 4.12 the skin or hide 5. no evidence for borrowing
ilə 4.12 the skin or hide 5. no evidence for borrowing
ulə 4.13 the flesh 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲuriktə 4.14 the hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
gʊrgakta 4.142 the beard 5. no evidence for borrowing
iŋakta 4.144 the body hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃəwurə 4.145 the pubic hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
alʊkta 4.146 the dandruff 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃə:kʃə 4.15 the blood 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊŋɪkta 4.151 the vein or artery 5. no evidence for borrowing
gɪramna 4.16 the bone 5. no evidence for borrowing
o:tilə 4.162 the rib 5. no evidence for borrowing
i:gə 4.17 the horn 5. no evidence for borrowing
i:yə 4.17 the horn 5. no evidence for borrowing
irgi 4.18 the tail 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃɔgdɔnɔ 4.19 the back 5. no evidence for borrowing
darama 4.191 the spine 5. no evidence for borrowing
dɪl 4.2 the head 5. no evidence for borrowing
guliwukə 4.201 the temples 5. no evidence for borrowing
maŋgɪla 4.201 the temples 2. probably borrowed
dɪlŋi gɪramnan 4.202 the skull 5. no evidence for borrowing
irgə 4.203 the brain 5. no evidence for borrowing
dərə 4.204 the face 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɔmkɔtɔ 4.205 the forehead 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒəg 4.207 the jaw 5. no evidence for borrowing
uɲə 4.207 the jaw 5. no evidence for borrowing
antʃan 4.208 the cheek 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒəg 4.209 the chin 5. no evidence for borrowing
yɛ:ʃa 4.21 the eye 5. no evidence for borrowing
kilimki 4.212 the eyebrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
yɛ:ʃaŋi wun 4.213 the eyelid 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃaramʊkta 4.214 the eyelash 5. no evidence for borrowing
balɪ- 4.215 to blink 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃɛ:n 4.22 the ear 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊrʊmŋa 4.222 the earwax 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɔŋɔktɔ 4.23 the nose 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɔŋɔktɔŋi dɔ:n 4.231 the nostril 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɪlɪkʃa 4.232 the nasal mucus 5. no evidence for borrowing
amŋa 4.24 the mouth 5. no evidence for borrowing
əmun 4.25 the lip 5. no evidence for borrowing
iŋi 4.26 the tongue 5. no evidence for borrowing
iktə 4.27 the tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
buyə 4.271 the gums 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃɛ:muki 4.272 the molar tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
nɪkɪmna 4.28 the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing
ko:məkə 4.29 the throat 5. no evidence for borrowing
mi:rə 4.3 the shoulder 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɪʃakɪ 4.301 the shoulderblade 5. no evidence for borrowing
tu:rə 4.302 the collarbone 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋa:la 4.31 the arm 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɔ:nɪ 4.312 the armpit 5. no evidence for borrowing
itʃɛn (1) 4.32 the elbow 5. no evidence for borrowing
bilə:n 4.321 the wrist 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋa:la 4.33 the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
aŋŋa 4.331 the palm of the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
uɲaka:n 4.34 the finger 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃarbakta 4.34 the finger 5. no evidence for borrowing
uru:n 4.342 the thumb 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊʃɪkta 4.344 the fingernail 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃarbakta 4.345 the claw 5. no evidence for borrowing
algan 4.35 the leg 3. perhaps borrowed
bɔ:kan 4.351 the thigh 5. no evidence for borrowing
bʊltʃakta 4.352 the calf of the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing
əŋŋən 4.36 the knee 5. no evidence for borrowing
algan 4.37 the foot 3. perhaps borrowed
ayu:kan 4.371 the ankle 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲiŋtə 4.372 the heel 5. no evidence for borrowing
wudʒa: 4.374 the footprint 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃarbakta 4.38 the toe 5. no evidence for borrowing
dəktilə 4.392 the wing 5. no evidence for borrowing
dəktələ 4.392 the wing 5. no evidence for borrowing
aʃakɪ: 4.392 the wing 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃuptʃu 4.393 the feather 5. no evidence for borrowing
kə:ŋtirə 4.4 the chest 1. clearly borrowed
ukun 4.41 the breast 5. no evidence for borrowing
lʊpkʊptɪn 4.412 the nipple or teat 5. no evidence for borrowing
ukun 4.42 the udder 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃʊŋŋʊrʊ 4.43 the navel 5. no evidence for borrowing
gudə: 4.431 the belly 5. no evidence for borrowing
mɛɣan 4.44 the heart 5. no evidence for borrowing
o:tə 4.441 the lung 5. no evidence for borrowing
a:kin 4.45 the liver 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɔʃɔktɔ 4.451 the kidney 5. no evidence for borrowing
dərkin 4.452 the spleen 2. probably borrowed
gʊdɪ 4.46 the stomach 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃɪlʊkta 4.461 the intestines or guts 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃɔgdɔnɔ 4.462 the waist 5. no evidence for borrowing
du:ki 4.463 the hip 5. no evidence for borrowing
bukʃu 4.464 the buttocks 5. no evidence for borrowing
munŋi 4.465 the sinew or tendon 5. no evidence for borrowing
uyuk 4.47 the womb 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃəŋgə 4.49 the testicles 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃikəltə 4.492 the penis 5. no evidence for borrowing
əri:- 4.51 to breathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒɔni- 4.52 to yawn 5. no evidence for borrowing
ikəgdə- 4.521 to hiccough 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃimki- 4.53 to cough 5. no evidence for borrowing
ikʃini- 4.54 to sneeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲɛ:ʃin- 4.55 to perspire 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʊmʊn- 4.56 to spit 5. no evidence for borrowing
iʃə- 4.57 to vomit 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɪk- 4.58 to bite 5. no evidence for borrowing
ilədə:- 4.59 to lick 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃʊrgɪ- 4.591 to dribble 5. no evidence for borrowing
a:ʃɪn- 4.61 to sleep 5. no evidence for borrowing
lʊkɪ- 4.612 to snore 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʊlgɪt- 4.62 to dream 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃərə- 4.63 to wake up 5. no evidence for borrowing
mukəli- 4.64 to fart 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃikən- 4.65 to piss 5. no evidence for borrowing
amʊn- 4.66 to shit 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃilgin- 4.68 to shiver 5. no evidence for borrowing
olbot- 4.69 to bathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
ulbuʃt- 4.69 to bathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
əlbət- 4.69 to bathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
baka- 4.72 to be born 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒʊptɪ ɔ:tʃa 4.73 pregnant 5. no evidence for borrowing
i:nikin 4.74 to be alive 5. no evidence for borrowing
bardilga 4.741 the life 5. no evidence for borrowing
bu- 4.75 to die 5. no evidence for borrowing
buptɪlə: 4.7501 dead 5. no evidence for borrowing
əyə- 4.751 to drown 5. no evidence for borrowing
wa:- 4.76 to kill 5. no evidence for borrowing
bʊla- 4.78 to bury 5. no evidence for borrowing
bakʃa 4.79 the grave 5. no evidence for borrowing
buku 4.81 strong 5. no evidence for borrowing
əbərə 4.82 weak 5. no evidence for borrowing
ənuku 4.84 sick/ill 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲiwurə 4.841 the fever 5. no evidence for borrowing
ənuk 4.844 the disease 5. no evidence for borrowing
uyə 4.85 the wound or sore 5. no evidence for borrowing
kukurə 4.852 the bruise 5. no evidence for borrowing
awul 4.853 the swelling 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊtʊn 4.854 the itch 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊkɪ:- 4.8541 to scratch 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃənburdə 4.855 the blister 5. no evidence for borrowing
ukʃin 4.856 the boil 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲakʃa 4.857 the pus 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊra- (2) 4.86 to cure 5. no evidence for borrowing
itʃɛn (2) 4.87 the physician 5. no evidence for borrowing
daiɸu 4.87 the physician 1. clearly borrowed
ə:m 4.88 the medicine 2. probably borrowed
əm ( Dagur )
ɔgtɔ 4.88 the medicine 5. no evidence for borrowing
guntʃulu 4.89 the poison 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃaŋgal- 4.91 tired 2. probably borrowed
dərəmki- 4.912 to rest 5. no evidence for borrowing
ənəlgə 4.92 lazy 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒʊta/dʒʊtana 4.92 lazy 5. no evidence for borrowing
taraka 4.93 bald 2. probably borrowed
dɔkɔlɔn 4.94 lame 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɔŋgɔ 4.95 deaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
ya:ba 4.96 mute 1. clearly borrowed
kəlgə 4.96 mute 5. no evidence for borrowing
balɪ 4.97 blind 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃɔktɔ- 4.98 drunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒulakɪn 4.99 naked 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒəb- 5.11 to eat 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒə:ktə 5.12 the food 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɪlga 5.12 the food 5. no evidence for borrowing
irtʃə 5.121 cooked 5. no evidence for borrowing
əʃikin 5.122 raw 5. no evidence for borrowing
irtʃə 5.123 ripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
əʃikin 5.124 unripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
nukuntʃa 5.125 rotten 5. no evidence for borrowing
um- 5.13 to drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
əwə:rə- 5.14 to be hungry 5. no evidence for borrowing
aŋka- 5.15 to be thirsty 5. no evidence for borrowing
lʊpkʊ- 5.16 to suck 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃɛ:- 5.18 to chew 5. no evidence for borrowing
nimŋə- 5.181 to swallow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ikulgə- 5.19 to choke 5. no evidence for borrowing
ulo:- 5.21 to cook 5. no evidence for borrowing
uyi- 5.22 to boil 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃɪla- 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing
ka:- 5.24 to bake 5. no evidence for borrowing
i:kə 5.26 the pot 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃaku 5.27 the kettle 1. clearly borrowed
i:kə 5.28 the pan 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɪla 5.32 the plate 5. no evidence for borrowing
pan 5.32 the plate 1. clearly borrowed
tangʊra 5.33 the bowl 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃadʒʊŋkʊ 5.33 the bowl 1. clearly borrowed
takan 5.35 the cup 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃɔmɔ 5.35 the cup 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊ:ŋkan 5.37 the spoon 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɔtɔ 5.38 the knife(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
gɪda ʊ:ŋkan 5.39 the fork 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɪmaŋi bɪlga 5.42 the breakfast 5. no evidence for borrowing
inəŋdulin bɪlga 5.43 the lunch 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃikʃəŋi bɪlga 5.45 the supper 5. no evidence for borrowing
ilə- 5.46 to peel 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃəylə- 5.47 to sieve or to strain 1. clearly borrowed
dʒɔwula- 5.47 to sieve or to strain 1. clearly borrowed
kaŋna- 5.48 to scrape 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊrkʊ- 5.49 to stir or to mix 5. no evidence for borrowing
o:n 5.53 the dough 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲuk- 5.54 to knead 5. no evidence for borrowing
gulin 5.55 the flour 2. probably borrowed
uru:- 5.56 to crush or to grind 5. no evidence for borrowing
iŋdə:- 5.56 to crush or to grind 5. no evidence for borrowing
iŋdəŋki 5.57 the mill 5. no evidence for borrowing
ulə 5.61 the meat 5. no evidence for borrowing
buyukʃu 5.63 the sausage 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃilə 5.64 the soup 5. no evidence for borrowing
nʊŋa: 5.65 the vegetables 1. clearly borrowed
nuwa: ( Dagur )
ʃakan 5.65 the vegetables 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɔrtʃɔ 5.66 the bean 5. no evidence for borrowing
tu:dəw 5.7 the potato 1. clearly borrowed
kɔtɔpkɔ 5.7 the potato 5. no evidence for borrowing
tubiɣə 5.71 the fruit 1. clearly borrowed
loŋbu:li 5.712 the bunch 5. no evidence for borrowing
puto 5.76 the grape 1. clearly borrowed
mətʃu: 5.76 the grape 5. no evidence for borrowing
imukʃə 5.79 the oil 5. no evidence for borrowing
imukʃə 5.791 the grease or fat 5. no evidence for borrowing
katagan 5.81 the salt 2. probably borrowed
kata: ( Dagur )
dɔ:sun 5.81 the salt 5. no evidence for borrowing
hudʒau 5.82 the pepper 1. clearly borrowed
tʃiŋdʒu 5.821 the chili pepper 1. clearly borrowed
ʃatan 5.85 the sugar 1. clearly borrowed
ukun 5.86 the milk 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃir- 5.87 to milk 5. no evidence for borrowing
arakɪ 5.92 the wine 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊmʊkta 5.97 the egg 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊmʊktaŋi ʃɪŋarɪnɪn 5.971 the yolk 5. no evidence for borrowing
tət- 6.11 to put on 5. no evidence for borrowing
təti 6.12 the clothing or clothes 5. no evidence for borrowing
bə:ʃu 6.21 the cloth 2. probably borrowed
kʊnɪŋi ɪɲaktan 6.22 the wool 2. probably borrowed
xonj ( Dagur )
kuwun 6.24 the cotton 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɪŋakta 6.28 the fur 5. no evidence for borrowing
tərgəkʃə 6.29 the leather 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɔrɔl- 6.31 to spin 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃərguŋki 6.32 the spindle 5. no evidence for borrowing
nəkə- 6.33 to weave 5. no evidence for borrowing
uli:- 6.35 to sew 5. no evidence for borrowing
inmə 6.36 the needle(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃɪlgʊn 6.37 the awl 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃirəktə 6.38 the thread 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲu:dɛ- 6.39 to dye 5. no evidence for borrowing
butʃu-da- 6.39 to dye 2. probably borrowed
bodu- ( Dagur )
tʃamtʃa 6.42 the (woman's) dress 5. no evidence for borrowing
ayawuptun 6.43 the coat 5. no evidence for borrowing
gulami 6.43 the coat 5. no evidence for borrowing
dɔ:wuptun 6.44 the shirt 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒirkəptun 6.45 the collar 5. no evidence for borrowing
bula:dʒi 6.46 the skirt 1. clearly borrowed
dʒünʃi 6.46 the skirt 1. clearly borrowed
ərki 6.48 the trousers 5. no evidence for borrowing
aramuʃ 6.48 the trousers 5. no evidence for borrowing
waʃa 6.49 the sock or stocking 1. clearly borrowed
tʃulki 6.49 the sock or stocking 1. clearly borrowed
dɔktan 6.49 the sock or stocking 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊnta 6.51 the shoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃaβi 6.51 the shoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃawɪ 6.51 the shoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
əmtʃurə 6.52 the boot 5. no evidence for borrowing
a:wʊn 6.55 the hat or cap 5. no evidence for borrowing
mɛtakan 6.55 the hat or cap 5. no evidence for borrowing
tələ: 6.57 the belt 5. no evidence for borrowing
umu:l 6.57 the belt 5. no evidence for borrowing
pitʃarga 6.58 the glove 2. probably borrowed
karaman 6.61 the pocket 1. clearly borrowed
tʊptʃɪ 6.62 the button 5. no evidence for borrowing
byɛdʒən 6.63 the pin 1. clearly borrowed
uɲakaptʊn 6.73 the ring 5. no evidence for borrowing
uruptʊn 6.73 the ring 5. no evidence for borrowing
gilə:ptun 6.74 the bracelet 5. no evidence for borrowing
udi:n 6.75 the necklace 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃɪktɪ 6.76 the bead 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃɛ:kan 6.77 the earring 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃɛ:-ka-ptʊn 6.77 the earring 5. no evidence for borrowing
garga 6.77 the earring 5. no evidence for borrowing
dərbəki 6.78 the headband or headdress 5. no evidence for borrowing
palatʃɛntʃa 6.82 the towel 1. clearly borrowed
uŋku 6.82 the towel 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɪgdɪwʊn 6.91 the comb 5. no evidence for borrowing
ikiŋki 6.92 the brush 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɪltʃaptʊn 6.921 the plait/braid 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaŋnaŋki 6.93 the razor 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃilkiŋki 6.95 the soap 5. no evidence for borrowing
iʃə 6.95 the soap 1. clearly borrowed
biləku 6.96 the mirror 5. no evidence for borrowing
ulintʃə- 7.11 to live 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒu: 7.12 the house 5. no evidence for borrowing
kumi 7.13 the hut 5. no evidence for borrowing
maykan 7.14 the tent 5. no evidence for borrowing
turgidɛ 7.15 the yard or court 5. no evidence for borrowing
o:loŋki 7.17 the cookhouse 5. no evidence for borrowing
dahwitaŋ 7.18 the meeting house 1. clearly borrowed
dʒu: 7.21 the room 5. no evidence for borrowing
urkə 7.22 the door or gate 5. no evidence for borrowing
yakʃiŋki 7.23 the lock 3. perhaps borrowed
yɔʃku 7.23 the lock 5. no evidence for borrowing
gʊldʒi-ŋki 7.23 the lock 5. no evidence for borrowing
gʊldʒiŋki 7.231 the latch or door-bolt 5. no evidence for borrowing
yakʃiŋki 7.232 the padlock 3. perhaps borrowed
anakʊ 7.24 the key 5. no evidence for borrowing
yakʃirgaŋki 7.24 the key 5. no evidence for borrowing
yɔ:ʃi 7.24 the key 1. clearly borrowed
tʃɔŋkɔ 7.25 the window 2. probably borrowed
duʃu 7.27 the wall 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɪrda 7.32 the stove 5. no evidence for borrowing
tuktiwun 7.37 the ladder 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɔrɔ 7.42 the bed 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃi:rə 7.42 the bed 5. no evidence for borrowing
tiru 7.421 the pillow 5. no evidence for borrowing
dərbu 7.421 the pillow 2. probably borrowed
derbe ( Dagur )
ʊla 7.422 the blanket 5. no evidence for borrowing
tə:ŋki 7.43 the chair 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃirə 7.44 the table 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɔʃtɔl 7.44 the table 5. no evidence for borrowing
dəŋdʒən 7.45 the lamp or torch 1. clearly borrowed
yaŋla 7.46 the candle 1. clearly borrowed
mɔŋgɔrɔ 7.48 the trough 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒu:muyəŋi ɔrɔnin 7.51 the roof 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃiran 7.54 the rafter 5. no evidence for borrowing
nɪrʊ 7.55 the beam 5. no evidence for borrowing
lata 7.56 the post or pole 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaptaʃʊn 7.57 the board 5. no evidence for borrowing
əydʒə 7.62 the brick 5. no evidence for borrowing
uriniŋki 7.65 the camp 5. no evidence for borrowing
targantʃɛn 8.11 the farmer 5. no evidence for borrowing
targan 8.12 the field 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʊrgan 8.16 the fence 5. no evidence for borrowing
ulə:- 8.22 to dig 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʊrdʊr 8.23 the spade 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʊrdʊr 8.24 the shovel 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃuto 8.25 the hoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃaptʃɪkʊ 8.25 the hoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
atʃa 8.26 the fork(2)/pitchfork 5. no evidence for borrowing
a:lan 8.26 the fork(2)/pitchfork 5. no evidence for borrowing
maltaŋki 8.27 the rake 2. probably borrowed
mukərə 8.28 the digging stick (=yamstick) 5. no evidence for borrowing
tar- 8.31 to sow 5. no evidence for borrowing
urə (2) 8.311 the seed 2. probably borrowed
hure ( Dagur )
kak- 8.32 to mow 5. no evidence for borrowing
kadɪwʊn 8.33 the sickle or scythe 1. clearly borrowed
xad- ( Dagur )
kad-ur 8.33 the sickle or scythe 1. clearly borrowed
ʃand-ʊr 8.33 the sickle or scythe 1. clearly borrowed
datʃaŋn- 8.34 to thresh 1. clearly borrowed
tʃaŋyuan 8.35 the threshing-floor 1. clearly borrowed
məyʃə 8.43 the wheat 1. clearly borrowed
ʃʊʃa:mʊ 8.47 the maize/corn 5. no evidence for borrowing
kandu 8.48 the rice 1. clearly borrowed
ɔrɔktɔ 8.51 the grass 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɛ:ŋna 8.52 the hay 5. no evidence for borrowing
tar- 8.531 to plant 5. no evidence for borrowing
təkən 8.54 the root 5. no evidence for borrowing
gara 8.55 the branch 5. no evidence for borrowing
abdana 8.56 the leaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
nabʊtʃɪ/naptʃɪ 8.56 the leaf 1. clearly borrowed
ɪlga 8.57 the flower 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲandʒa 8.57 the flower 5. no evidence for borrowing
mɔ: 8.6 the tree 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɪbgʊra 8.61 the oak 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃa:lban 8.63 the birch 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒagda 8.64 the pine 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊʃɪkta 8.66 the acorn 5. no evidence for borrowing
damga 8.68 the tobacco 5. no evidence for borrowing
um- 8.69 to smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
dayri 8.691 the pipe 3. perhaps borrowed
mugdəkən 8.72 the tree stump 5. no evidence for borrowing
gɔlɔ 8.73 the tree trunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
gara 8.74 the forked branch 5. no evidence for borrowing
kə:rə 8.75 the bark 5. no evidence for borrowing
talu 8.75 the bark 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃukʃə 8.76 the sap 5. no evidence for borrowing
dɪlkʊkʃa 8.76 the sap 5. no evidence for borrowing
nalɛmʊ: 8.911 the millet or sorghum 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃidʒimyə 8.911 the millet or sorghum 5. no evidence for borrowing
gawle:n 8.911 the millet or sorghum 1. clearly borrowed
wɔgwɔ 8.931 the pumpkin or squash 1. clearly borrowed
ʃuʃə 8.94 the bamboo 2. probably borrowed
mo:go 8.98 the mushroom 1. clearly borrowed
tʃʊlɪka 8.996 the cone 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɔ:- 9.11 to do 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɔ:- 9.111 to make 5. no evidence for borrowing
gərbə 9.12 the work 5. no evidence for borrowing
mʊktʃili- 9.14 to bend 5. no evidence for borrowing
əbgə- 9.15 to fold 5. no evidence for borrowing
u:yi- 9.16 to tie 5. no evidence for borrowing
ərkə- 9.16 to tie 5. no evidence for borrowing
uyirgə- 9.161 to untie 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuyirgin 9.18 the chain 5. no evidence for borrowing
uʃikən 9.19 the rope 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊrkʊn 9.19 the rope 5. no evidence for borrowing
i:nir 9.192 the knot 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɔŋɔl 9.192 the knot 5. no evidence for borrowing
mʊnda:- 9.21 to strike or hit or beat 5. no evidence for borrowing
nʊrga- 9.211 to pound 5. no evidence for borrowing
tərundu- 9.211 to pound 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒig- 9.22 to cut 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊ:ŋnɪ- 9.221 to cut down 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃaptʃɪ- 9.222 to chop 5. no evidence for borrowing
gɪdala:- 9.223 to stab 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɔtɔ 9.23 the knife(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaytʃi 9.24 the scissors or shears 1. clearly borrowed
sukə 9.25 the axe/ax 2. probably borrowed
sux ( Khalkha )
sukətʃɛn 9.251 the adze 2. probably borrowed
sux ( Khalkha )
mʊktʊrga- 9.26 to break 5. no evidence for borrowing
əbdəwutʃə 9.261 broken 5. no evidence for borrowing
i:wə:- 9.27 to split 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃidə- 9.28 to tear 5. no evidence for borrowing
tərgə- 9.29 to skin 5. no evidence for borrowing
iki- 9.31 to rub 5. no evidence for borrowing
awʊ- 9.311 to wipe 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃʊ:n- 9.32 to stretch 5. no evidence for borrowing
ta:n- 9.33 to pull 5. no evidence for borrowing
girdə- 9.34 to spread out 5. no evidence for borrowing
lʊkʊ- 9.341 to hang up 5. no evidence for borrowing
tirə- 9.342 to press 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃir- 9.343 to squeeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
uŋku- 9.35 to pour 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃɪlkɪ- 9.36 to wash 5. no evidence for borrowing
əʃu- 9.37 to sweep 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɛ:ŋki 9.38 the broom 5. no evidence for borrowing
əʃu-ŋki/əʃ-ur/əʃu-wun 9.38 the broom 1. clearly borrowed
awʊra 9.422 the tool 5. no evidence for borrowing
mʊdʒan 9.43 the carpenter 1. clearly borrowed
iliwu- 9.44 to build 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃɪlgʊ- 9.46 to bore 5. no evidence for borrowing
kəŋgurgə- 9.461 to hollow out 5. no evidence for borrowing
u:n 9.48 the saw 5. no evidence for borrowing
alkatʃan 9.49 the hammer 5. no evidence for borrowing
tipkə:ʃu 9.5 the nail 5. no evidence for borrowing
uŋkən 9.56 the glue 5. no evidence for borrowing
mudʒan 9.6 the blacksmith 1. clearly borrowed
altan 9.64 the gold 1. clearly borrowed
alt ( Dagur )
dʒɔ:lɔtʊ 9.64 the gold 1. clearly borrowed
moŋwon 9.65 the silver 2. probably borrowed
gɛ:yin 9.66 the copper 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃələ 9.67 the iron 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʊdʒa 9.68 the lead 5. no evidence for borrowing
tatʃɪ 9.69 the tin or tinplate 5. no evidence for borrowing
yə:rə 9.71 the potter 5. no evidence for borrowing
gu: 9.74 the glass 2. probably borrowed
gu: ( Dagur )
nəkə- 9.75 to weave or plait/braid 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɪltʃa- 9.75 to weave or plait/braid 5. no evidence for borrowing
kwaŋ 9.76 the basket 1. clearly borrowed
ʃəktəwun 9.77 the mat 5. no evidence for borrowing
kari 9.78 the netbag 5. no evidence for borrowing
dərguŋki 9.79 the fan 5. no evidence for borrowing
dərgu- 9.791 to fan 5. no evidence for borrowing
bʊdʊr 9.88 the paint 2. probably borrowed
bʊdʊ- 9.89 to paint 2. probably borrowed
bodu- ( Dagur )
yo:dɛ:- 9.89 to paint 5. no evidence for borrowing
mu:lə:- 9.9 to draw water 5. no evidence for borrowing
lɔkɔŋki 9.91 the peg 5. no evidence for borrowing
ləkə 9.93 the whetstone 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurbu- 10.11 to move 5. no evidence for borrowing
ukukin- 10.12 to turn 5. no evidence for borrowing
mutʃu- 10.13 to turn around 5. no evidence for borrowing
ukul- 10.14 to wrap 5. no evidence for borrowing
ukəl- 10.15 to roll 5. no evidence for borrowing
tik- 10.16 to drop 5. no evidence for borrowing
murki:- 10.17 to twist 5. no evidence for borrowing
dəgdə- 10.21 to rise 5. no evidence for borrowing
uyi:- 10.22 to raise or lift 5. no evidence for borrowing
tik- 10.23 to fall 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃʊrgɪ- 10.24 to drip 5. no evidence for borrowing
garʊnda:- 10.25 to throw 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒɔ:- 10.252 to catch 5. no evidence for borrowing
mɛyiwukənən 10.26 to shake 5. no evidence for borrowing
əyə:- 10.32 to flow 5. no evidence for borrowing
tib- 10.33 to sink 5. no evidence for borrowing
kəpə:n- 10.34 to float 5. no evidence for borrowing
əlbi- 10.35 to swim 5. no evidence for borrowing
ulikin- 10.351 to dive 5. no evidence for borrowing
dəyli- 10.37 to fly 5. no evidence for borrowing
dəg- 10.37 to fly 5. no evidence for borrowing
u:- 10.38 to blow 5. no evidence for borrowing
mirki- 10.41 to crawl 5. no evidence for borrowing
əŋŋəmtə- 10.412 to kneel 5. no evidence for borrowing
məktʃə:n- 10.413 to crouch 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃirun- 10.42 to slide or slip 5. no evidence for borrowing
balda- 10.42 to slide or slip 5. no evidence for borrowing
gabga:n- 10.43 to jump 5. no evidence for borrowing
ətəkən- 10.43 to jump 5. no evidence for borrowing
pəykələ:- 10.431 to kick 5. no evidence for borrowing
əkɛ:lu- 10.44 to dance 5. no evidence for borrowing
girani- 10.45 to walk 5. no evidence for borrowing
dɔkɔlɔn- 10.451 to limp 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʊkʃa- 10.46 to run 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋənə- 10.47 to go 5. no evidence for borrowing
tukti- 10.471 to go up 5. no evidence for borrowing
tukti- 10.472 to climb 5. no evidence for borrowing
əwu- 10.473 to go down 5. no evidence for borrowing
yu:- 10.474 to go out 5. no evidence for borrowing
əmə- 10.48 to come 5. no evidence for borrowing
əmərgi- 10.481 to come back 5. no evidence for borrowing
yabʊ- 10.49 to leave 5. no evidence for borrowing
ərəxəltɛ:- 10.49 to leave 5. no evidence for borrowing
alɪr- 10.491 to disappear 5. no evidence for borrowing
ətəkən- 10.51 to flee 5. no evidence for borrowing
aŋi- 10.52 to follow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲamɲa- 10.53 to pursue 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɪʃɪna:- 10.55 to arrive 5. no evidence for borrowing
i:- 10.57 to enter 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒu:layi yabʊran 10.58 to go or return home 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒu:- 10.61 to carry 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋa:l- 10.612 to carry in hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊwa- 10.613 to carry on shoulder 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaptʃɪ:- 10.615 to carry under the arm 5. no evidence for borrowing
əmu- 10.62 to bring 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋənəwu- 10.63 to send 5. no evidence for borrowing
əlgə- 10.64 to lead 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊg- 10.66 to ride 5. no evidence for borrowing
ana- 10.67 to push 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɔktɔ 10.71 the road 5. no evidence for borrowing
tərgə 10.72 the path 1. clearly borrowed
ko:rgə 10.74 the bridge 5. no evidence for borrowing
tərgən 10.75 the cart or wagon 2. probably borrowed
kurdu 10.76 the wheel 1. clearly borrowed
təŋgəl 10.77 the axle 1. clearly borrowed
aral 10.78 the yoke 1. clearly borrowed
aral ( Dagur )
pa:ra 10.79 the sledge/sled 2. probably borrowed
pɔrɔkɔʃ 10.81 the ship 1. clearly borrowed
mɔŋgɔ 10.83 the boat 5. no evidence for borrowing
mɔrətʃin 10.83 the boat 5. no evidence for borrowing
təm 10.84 the raft 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃʊgdawʊn 10.85 the oar 5. no evidence for borrowing
karbɪ 10.851 the paddle 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃʊgda- 10.852 to row 5. no evidence for borrowing
dɔ:- 10.92 to land 5. no evidence for borrowing
bi- 11.11 to have 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒɔ:- 11.13 to take 5. no evidence for borrowing
aʃɪkʊla- 11.14 to grasp 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒɔ:tʃa- 11.15 to hold 5. no evidence for borrowing
ga- 11.16 to get 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃʊla- 11.17 to keep 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒaka 11.18 the thing 5. no evidence for borrowing
bu:- 11.21 to give 5. no evidence for borrowing
burgi- 11.22 to give back 5. no evidence for borrowing
tama- 11.22 to give back 5. no evidence for borrowing
ədʒələ:- 11.24 to preserve 5. no evidence for borrowing
ayʃɪla:- 11.25 to rescue 5. no evidence for borrowing
gudʒəlɛ- 11.27 to destroy 5. no evidence for borrowing
yarala- 11.28 to injure 5. no evidence for borrowing
əbdə- 11.29 to damage 5. no evidence for borrowing
gələ:- 11.31 to look for 5. no evidence for borrowing
baka- 11.32 to find 5. no evidence for borrowing
amɛ:n- 11.33 to lose 5. no evidence for borrowing
nɔ:da:- 11.34 to let go 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒiɣa 11.43 the money 5. no evidence for borrowing
toŋzər 11.44 the coin 1. clearly borrowed
bayan 11.51 rich 5. no evidence for borrowing
yadaw 11.52 poor 5. no evidence for borrowing
gɪyatʊ 11.53 the beggar 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɪldʊ- 11.61 to lend 5. no evidence for borrowing
akʃʊ- 11.61 to lend 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɪlduma- 11.62 to borrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
akʃʊma- 11.62 to borrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ulgɛŋ- 11.63 to owe 5. no evidence for borrowing
ulgɛ 11.64 the debt 5. no evidence for borrowing
tama- 11.65 to pay 5. no evidence for borrowing
ga- 11.81 to buy 5. no evidence for borrowing
uni:- 11.82 to sell 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒɔ:t- 11.83 to trade or barter 5. no evidence for borrowing
maymalari 11.84 the merchant 1. clearly borrowed
mayman 11.85 the market 1. clearly borrowed
mayman 11.86 the shop/store 1. clearly borrowed
taman 11.87 the price 5. no evidence for borrowing
mani 11.88 expensive 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɪmda 11.89 cheap 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊktʃa- 11.91 to share 5. no evidence for borrowing
giŋna- 11.92 to weigh 1. clearly borrowed
dəŋʃələ:- 11.92 to weigh 1. clearly borrowed
amalan 12.01 after 5. no evidence for borrowing
amalan 12.011 behind 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɔ:gida:lin 12.02 beside 5. no evidence for borrowing
ərgi 12.03 down 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒulgida 12.04 before 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒu:llə 12.041 in front of 5. no evidence for borrowing
dɔ:la: 12.05 inside 5. no evidence for borrowing
tullə 12.06 outside 5. no evidence for borrowing
ərgin 12.07 under 5. no evidence for borrowing
uyi 12.08 up 5. no evidence for borrowing
uyilə: 12.081 above 5. no evidence for borrowing
bʊɣa 12.11 the place 5. no evidence for borrowing
nə:- 12.12 to put 5. no evidence for borrowing
tə: 12.13 to sit 5. no evidence for borrowing
ulə:- 12.14 to lie down 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɪlɪ- 12.15 to stand 5. no evidence for borrowing
aɲa- 12.16 to remain 5. no evidence for borrowing
uləpdʒan 12.17 the remains 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋʊnʊpgi 12.21 to gather 5. no evidence for borrowing
təwu- 12.212 to pick up 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊrʊ:- 12.213 to pile up 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃɪra- 12.22 to join 5. no evidence for borrowing
ərkərtə:- 12.23 to separate 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊktʃa:- 12.232 to divide 5. no evidence for borrowing
laŋɪ- 12.24 to open 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃʊm- 12.25 to shut 5. no evidence for borrowing
uktə:n 12.26 to cover 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒayi- 12.27 to hide 5. no evidence for borrowing
gʊgda 12.31 high 5. no evidence for borrowing
nəktə 12.32 low 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɔrɔn (1) 12.33 the top 5. no evidence for borrowing
ərgilə: 12.34 the bottom 5. no evidence for borrowing
mʊdan 12.35 the end(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃuptʃurin 12.352 pointed 5. no evidence for borrowing
kətʃin 12.353 the edge 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɔldɔn 12.36 the side 5. no evidence for borrowing
gɔ:lin 12.37 the middle 5. no evidence for borrowing
a:n 12.41 right(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒəyin 12.42 left 5. no evidence for borrowing
daga (phonetically daɣa) 12.43 near 5. no evidence for borrowing
gɔrɔ 12.44 far 5. no evidence for borrowing
ədʒiwun 12.45 the east 5. no evidence for borrowing
dɪlatʃa yu:rəkəki 12.45 the east 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃɔlɔwun 12.46 the west 5. no evidence for borrowing
dɪlatʃa tiktəkəki 12.46 the west 5. no evidence for borrowing
di-wun 12.47 the north 5. no evidence for borrowing
amargɪda 12.47 the north 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋɛ:wun 12.48 the south 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒulgidə 12.48 the south 5. no evidence for borrowing
iʃəwu- 12.53 to grow 5. no evidence for borrowing
atʃida- 12.54 to measure 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃi:də:- 12.54 to measure 5. no evidence for borrowing
da:r 12.541 the fathom 5. no evidence for borrowing
əgdiŋə 12.55 big 5. no evidence for borrowing
nitʃukun 12.56 small 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋʊnʊm 12.57 long 5. no evidence for borrowing
gʊgda 12.58 tall 5. no evidence for borrowing
nəktəkun 12.59 short 5. no evidence for borrowing
wurumkun 12.59 short 5. no evidence for borrowing
əŋŋəl 12.61 wide 5. no evidence for borrowing
aɣum/awam 12.61 wide 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃiləmkun 12.62 narrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
dɪram 12.63 thick 5. no evidence for borrowing
nəmkun 12.65 thin 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃʊŋta 12.67 deep 5. no evidence for borrowing
arba 12.68 shallow 5. no evidence for borrowing
namtarɪn 12.71 flat 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃitʃur 12.73 straight 5. no evidence for borrowing
muktʃika 12.74 crooked 5. no evidence for borrowing
gɔkɔ 12.75 the hook 5. no evidence for borrowing
lɔkɔ-ŋki 12.75 the hook 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɪtʃakta 12.76 the corner 5. no evidence for borrowing
nardɪka 12.77 the cross 5. no evidence for borrowing
durbəldʒin 12.78 the square 5. no evidence for borrowing
boŋbəlin 12.81 round 5. no evidence for borrowing
toŋgorin 12.82 the circle 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɛnbukən 12.83 the ball 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃul 12.83 the ball 1. clearly borrowed
i:rakta 12.84 the line 5. no evidence for borrowing
ultəkə 12.85 the hole 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋətʃin 12.92 similar 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɔ:- 12.93 to change 5. no evidence for borrowing
umun 13.01 one 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒu:r 13.02 two 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɪlan 13.03 three 5. no evidence for borrowing
diyin 13.04 four 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʊŋŋa 13.05 five 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲuŋun 13.06 six 5. no evidence for borrowing
nadan 13.07 seven 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒapkʊn 13.08 eight 5. no evidence for borrowing
yəyin 13.09 nine 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒa:n 13.1 ten 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒa:n umun 13.101 eleven 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒa:n dʒur 13.102 twelve 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒa:n tʊɲa 13.103 fifteen 5. no evidence for borrowing
urin 13.104 twenty 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲama:dʒɪ 13.105 a hundred 5. no evidence for borrowing
miŋga 13.106 a thousand 5. no evidence for borrowing
taŋ- 13.107 to count 5. no evidence for borrowing
banbʊr 13.14 all 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɔ:rin 13.14 all 5. no evidence for borrowing
bara:n 13.15 many 5. no evidence for borrowing
mʊtɪman bara:n 13.16 more 5. no evidence for borrowing
atʃʊkʊn 13.17 few 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɪʃʃa 13.18 enough 5. no evidence for borrowing
adɪ: 13.181 some 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒalʊm 13.21 full 5. no evidence for borrowing
kəŋgugdɛ 13.22 empty 5. no evidence for borrowing
atʃi 13.23 the part 5. no evidence for borrowing
umun atʃi 13.231 the piece 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʊlɪn 13.24 the half 5. no evidence for borrowing
təylə 13.33 only 5. no evidence for borrowing
əmukən 13.331 alone 5. no evidence for borrowing
umu:ki 13.34 first 5. no evidence for borrowing
amargu 13.35 last 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒʊ:rki 13.36 second 5. no evidence for borrowing
tə:ri 13.37 the pair 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒu:rrə 13.38 twice/two times 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɪlankɪ 13.42 third 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɪlara 13.44 three times 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃʊlɔ: 14.11 the time 5. no evidence for borrowing
naʃʊ 14.12 the age 5. no evidence for borrowing
irkəkin 14.13 new 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒalaw 14.14 young 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃagdɪ 14.15 old 5. no evidence for borrowing
ərdə 14.16 early 5. no evidence for borrowing
dɪlda 14.17 late 5. no evidence for borrowing
ər ərin 14.18 now 5. no evidence for borrowing
nɛdɛr 14.19 immediately 5. no evidence for borrowing
maʃaŋ 14.19 immediately 1. clearly borrowed
dɪyardʒi 14.21 fast 5. no evidence for borrowing
əlkə 14.22 slow 5. no evidence for borrowing
uda- 14.23 to hurry 5. no evidence for borrowing
dɪldatʃa 14.24 to be late 5. no evidence for borrowing
əkəl- 14.25 to begin 5. no evidence for borrowing
təlindun 14.251 the beginning 5. no evidence for borrowing
ətə- 14.27 to finish 5. no evidence for borrowing
man- 14.27 to finish 5. no evidence for borrowing
ə:- 14.28 to cease 5. no evidence for borrowing
umun durum 14.31 always 5. no evidence for borrowing
banin 14.32 often 5. no evidence for borrowing
dakin 14.35 again 5. no evidence for borrowing
inəŋ 14.41 the day(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
inəŋ 14.411 the day(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
dɔlbɔ 14.42 the night 5. no evidence for borrowing
inərtʃə 14.43 the dawn 5. no evidence for borrowing
ərdə 14.44 the morning 5. no evidence for borrowing
inəŋ dulin 14.45 the midday 5. no evidence for borrowing
inəŋ dulin nuktʃitʃə 14.451 the afternoon 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃikʃə 14.46 the evening 5. no evidence for borrowing
ənəyi 14.47 today 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɪma:na 14.48 tomorrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɪma:na tʃawʊdʊ 14.481 the day after tomorrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ti:nəwə 14.49 yesterday 5. no evidence for borrowing
ti:nəwə tʃawʊdʊ 14.491 the day before yesterday 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃaʃ 14.51 the hour 1. clearly borrowed
bɛ: 14.71 the month 5. no evidence for borrowing
aŋŋanɪ 14.73 the year 5. no evidence for borrowing
tuwə 14.74 the winter 5. no evidence for borrowing
nəlki 14.75 the spring(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒʊwa 14.76 the summer 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɔlɔ 14.77 the autumn/fall 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋɔkta- 15.212 to sniff 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋɔkɔ- 15.22 to smell(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
aya wa:tʃɪ 15.25 fragrant 5. no evidence for borrowing
nʊkʊmʊnan 15.26 stinking 5. no evidence for borrowing
amta- 15.31 to taste 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒʊtɪ 15.35 sweet 5. no evidence for borrowing
wargi 15.36 salty 5. no evidence for borrowing
gʊtɪ 15.37 bitter 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒuyarɪ 15.38 sour 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒiʃun 15.38 sour 5. no evidence for borrowing
dɔ:ldi- 15.41 to hear 5. no evidence for borrowing
dɔ:ldi- 15.42 to listen 5. no evidence for borrowing
dɪlgan 15.44 the sound or noise 5. no evidence for borrowing
dɪlgan əgdɪŋə 15.45 loud 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃi:p 15.46 quiet 5. no evidence for borrowing
itʃə- 15.51 to see 5. no evidence for borrowing
itʃə- 15.52 to look 5. no evidence for borrowing
itʃəwukətən 15.55 to show 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊtaldʒa:- 15.56 to shine 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋɛ:rin 15.57 bright 5. no evidence for borrowing
butʃu 15.61 the colour/color 5. no evidence for borrowing
dʒiʃu 15.61 the colour/color 1. clearly borrowed
bagdarɪn 15.64 white 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɔŋnɔrɪn 15.65 black 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʊla:rɪn 15.66 red 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃaŋgɛ:n 15.67 blue 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃɪ:la 15.67 blue 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʃuturin 15.68 green 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʃɪŋarɪn 15.69 yellow 5. no evidence for borrowing
pʊtʃa- 15.712 to pinch 5. no evidence for borrowing
təmi- 15.72 to feel 5. no evidence for borrowing
katangʊ 15.74 hard 5. no evidence for borrowing
dəpəktin 15.75 soft 5. no evidence for borrowing
lə:rin 15.76 rough(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
burtʃurin 15.77 smooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
əmər 15.78 sharp 5. no evidence for borrowing
mampa 15.79 blunt 5. no evidence for borrowing