Japanese Vocabulary

by Christopher K. Schmidt

The vocabulary contains 2131 meaning-word pairs from the recipient language Japanese . The corresponding text chapter was published in the book "Loanwords in the World's Languages". The language page Japanese contains a list of all loanwords arranged by donor languoid.

The word is given in the usual orthography or transcription, and in the usual citation form.

Click on a word to get even more information than is shown in this table.

The Loanword Typology code is the identifier of the Loanword Typology meaning. Sorting by LWT Code sorts the words thematically by semantic field.
This column shows the labels of the Loanword Typology meanings. By clicking on a meaning label, you get more information about the meaning, as well as a list of all words that are counterparts of that meaning.

There are five borrowed statuses, reflecting decreasing likelihood that the word is a loanword:

  1. clearly borrowed
  2. probably borrowed
  3. perhaps borrowed
  4. very little evidence for borrowing
  5. no evidence for borrowing
This is the time period during which the word is hypothesized to have come into the language as a loanword, or during which it is first attested, or for which it can be reconstructed.
This gives the usual written form for languages that do not use the Latin script.
For (possible) loanwords, this column shows the words in the source languages that served as models.
Word LWT Code Meaning Borrowed Status Original Script Source Words
[help] [help] [help] [help] [help] [help]
sekai 1.1 the world 1. clearly borrowed 世界
yo 1.1 the world 5. no evidence for borrowing 世
tairiku 1.21 the land 1. clearly borrowed 大陸
rikuchi 1.21 the land 1. clearly borrowed 陸地
riku 1.21 the land 1. clearly borrowed 陸
lù ( Chinese )
tsuchi (1) 1.212 the soil 5. no evidence for borrowing 土
hokori 1.213 the dust 5. no evidence for borrowing 埃
doro 1.214 the mud 5. no evidence for borrowing 泥
suna 1.215 the sand 5. no evidence for borrowing 砂
yama 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing 山
oka 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing 丘
gake 1.222 the cliff or precipice 5. no evidence for borrowing 崖
heichi 1.23 the plain 1. clearly borrowed 平地
nohara 1.23 the plain 5. no evidence for borrowing 野原
tani 1.24 the valley 5. no evidence for borrowing 谷
shima 1.25 the island 5. no evidence for borrowing 島
naichi 1.26 the mainland 1. clearly borrowed 内地
tairiku 1.26 the mainland 1. clearly borrowed 大陸
kishi 1.27 the shore 5. no evidence for borrowing 岸
kaigan 1.27 the shore 1. clearly borrowed 海岸
kagan 1.27 the shore 1. clearly borrowed 河岸
dōkutsu 1.28 the cave 1. clearly borrowed 洞窟
horaana 1.28 the cave 5. no evidence for borrowing 洞穴
mizu 1.31 the water 5. no evidence for borrowing 水
umi (1) 1.32 the sea 5. no evidence for borrowing 海
nagi 1.322 calm 5. no evidence for borrowing 凪
shikeru 1.323 rough(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing 湿気る(become wet)、 時化る (become rough (2)) The latter is a case of ateji.
awa (1) 1.324 the foam 5. no evidence for borrowing 泡
kaiyō 1.329 the ocean 1. clearly borrowed 海洋
taiyō (2) 1.329 the ocean 1. clearly borrowed 大洋
mizuumi 1.33 the lake 5. no evidence for borrowing 湖
ike 1.33 the lake 5. no evidence for borrowing 池
irie 1.34 the bay 5. no evidence for borrowing 入江
wan 1.34 the bay 1. clearly borrowed 湾
kata (1) 1.341 the lagoon 5. no evidence for borrowing 潟
anshō 1.342 the reef 1. clearly borrowed 暗礁
misaki 1.343 the cape 5. no evidence for borrowing 岬
nami 1.35 the wave 5. no evidence for borrowing 波
shio 1.352 the tide 2. probably borrowed 塩 (salt); 潮、汐 (tide)
hikishio 1.353 the low tide 5. no evidence for borrowing 引潮
kanchō 1.353 the low tide 3. perhaps borrowed 干潮
michishio 1.354 the high tide 5. no evidence for borrowing 満潮
manchō 1.354 the high tide 3. perhaps borrowed 満潮
kawa (1) 1.36 the river or stream 5. no evidence for borrowing 川、河
uzumaki 1.362 the whirlpool 5. no evidence for borrowing 渦巻
izumi 1.37 the spring or well 5. no evidence for borrowing 泉
ido 1.37 the spring or well 5. no evidence for borrowing 井戸
numa 1.38 the swamp 5. no evidence for borrowing 沼
shitchi 1.38 the swamp 1. clearly borrowed 湿地
taki 1.39 the waterfall 5. no evidence for borrowing 滝
mori 1.41 the woods or forest 5. no evidence for borrowing 森
hayashi 1.41 the woods or forest 5. no evidence for borrowing 林
saban’na 1.411 the savanna 1. clearly borrowed サバンナ
< zabana ( Taino )
ki (1) 1.43 the wood 5. no evidence for borrowing 木
mokuzai 1.43 the wood 1. clearly borrowed 木材
ishi 1.44 the stone or rock 5. no evidence for borrowing 石
iwa 1.44 the stone or rock 5. no evidence for borrowing 岩
jishin 1.45 the earthquake 1. clearly borrowed 地震
sora 1.51 the sky 3. perhaps borrowed 空
hi (1) 1.52 the sun 5. no evidence for borrowing 日
taiyō (1) 1.52 the sun 1. clearly borrowed 太陽
tsuki 1.53 the moon 5. no evidence for borrowing 月
hoshi 1.54 the star 5. no evidence for borrowing 星
inazuma 1.55 the lightning 5. no evidence for borrowing 稲妻
kaminari 1.56 the thunder 5. no evidence for borrowing 雷
ikazuchi 1.56 the thunder 5. no evidence for borrowing 雷
kaminari 1.57 the bolt of lightning 5. no evidence for borrowing 雷
rakurai 1.57 the bolt of lightning 1. clearly borrowed 落雷
arashi 1.58 the storm 5. no evidence for borrowing 嵐
niji 1.59 the rainbow 5. no evidence for borrowing 虹
hikari 1.61 the light 5. no evidence for borrowing 光
yami 1.62 the darkness 5. no evidence for borrowing 闇
kage 1.63 the shade or shadow 5. no evidence for borrowing 陰 (shade)　影 (shadow)
tsuyu 1.64 the dew 5. no evidence for borrowing 露
kūki 1.71 the air 1. clearly borrowed 空気
< lugt ( Dutch )
kaze 1.72 the wind 5. no evidence for borrowing 風 (wind) 風邪(cold). The latter is some sort of ateji.
kumo (1) 1.73 the cloud 5. no evidence for borrowing 雲
kiri (1) 1.74 the fog 5. no evidence for borrowing 霧
ame (1) 1.75 the rain 5. no evidence for borrowing 雨
yuki 1.76 the snow 5. no evidence for borrowing 雪
kōri 1.77 the ice 5. no evidence for borrowing 氷
kyokkō 1.771 the arctic lights 2. probably borrowed 極光
ōrora 1.771 the arctic lights 1. clearly borrowed オーロラ
< aurora ( Latin )
kōru 1.775 to freeze 5. no evidence for borrowing 凍る
tenki 1.78 the weather 1. clearly borrowed 天気
tenkō 1.78 the weather 1. clearly borrowed 天候
hi (2) 1.81 the fire 5. no evidence for borrowing 火
honoo 1.82 the flame 5. no evidence for borrowing 炎
kemuri 1.83 the smoke 3. perhaps borrowed 煙
suijōki 1.831 the steam 2. probably borrowed 水蒸気
yuge 1.831 the steam 5. no evidence for borrowing 湯気
hai (1) 1.84 the ash 3. perhaps borrowed 灰
hui ( Chinese )
moesashi 1.841 the embers 5. no evidence for borrowing 燃差
moyasu 1.851 to burn(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 燃やす
moeru 1.852 to burn(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing 燃える
tomosu 1.86 to light 5. no evidence for borrowing 点す、灯す
kesu 1.861 to extinguish 5. no evidence for borrowing 消す
matchi 1.87 the match 1. clearly borrowed マッチ, original ateji spelling 燐寸
< myxa ( Latin )
maki 1.88 the firewood 5. no evidence for borrowing 薪
takigi 1.88 the firewood 5. no evidence for borrowing 薪
sumi 1.89 the charcoal 5. no evidence for borrowing 炭
mokutan 1.89 the charcoal 1. clearly borrowed 木炭
hito 2.1 the person 5. no evidence for borrowing 人
ningen 2.1 the person 1. clearly borrowed 人間
otoko 2.21 the man 5. no evidence for borrowing 男
dansei 2.21 the man 1. clearly borrowed 男性
onna 2.22 the woman 5. no evidence for borrowing 女
josei 2.22 the woman 1. clearly borrowed 女性
otoko 2.23 male(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 男
dansei 2.23 male(1) 1. clearly borrowed 男性
onna 2.24 female(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 女
josei 2.24 female(1) 1. clearly borrowed 女性
otokonoko 2.25 the boy 5. no evidence for borrowing 男の子
danshi 2.25 the boy 1. clearly borrowed 男子
shōnen 2.25 the boy 1. clearly borrowed 少年
seinen 2.251 the young man 1. clearly borrowed 青年
wakamono 2.251 the young man 5. no evidence for borrowing 若者
onnanoko 2.26 the girl 5. no evidence for borrowing 女の子
joshi 2.26 the girl 1. clearly borrowed 女子
shōjo 2.26 the girl 1. clearly borrowed 少女
seijo 2.261 the young woman 1. clearly borrowed 青女
otome 2.261 the young woman 5. no evidence for borrowing 乙女
kodomo 2.27 the child(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 子供
aka-chan 2.28 the baby 5. no evidence for borrowing 赤ちゃん
otto 2.31 the husband 5. no evidence for borrowing 夫
danna 2.31 the husband 1. clearly borrowed 旦那、originally 檀那
shujin 2.31 the husband 1. clearly borrowed 主人
teishu 2.31 the husband 1. clearly borrowed 亭主
tsuma 2.32 the wife 3. perhaps borrowed 妻
okusan 2.32 the wife 4. very little evidence for borrowing 奥さん
kanai 2.32 the wife 1. clearly borrowed 家内
nyōbō 2.32 the wife 1. clearly borrowed 女房
kekkon 2.33 to marry 1. clearly borrowed 結婚
kekkonshiki 2.34 the wedding 4. very little evidence for borrowing 結婚式
rikon 2.341 the divorce 2. probably borrowed 離婚
chichi (1) 2.35 the father 5. no evidence for borrowing 父
otōsan 2.35 the father 5. no evidence for borrowing お父さん
haha 2.36 the mother 5. no evidence for borrowing 母
okāsan 2.36 the mother 3. perhaps borrowed お母さん
oya 2.37 the parents 5. no evidence for borrowing 親
ryōshin 2.37 the parents 2. probably borrowed 両親
saitaisha 2.38 the married man 4. very little evidence for borrowing 妻帯者
hitozuma 2.39 the married woman 5. no evidence for borrowing 人妻
musuko 2.41 the son 5. no evidence for borrowing 息子
musume 2.42 the daughter 5. no evidence for borrowing 娘
kodomo 2.43 the child(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing 子供
otokokyōdai 2.44 the brother 5. no evidence for borrowing 男兄弟
keitei 2.44 the brother 1. clearly borrowed 兄弟
ani 2.444 the older brother 5. no evidence for borrowing 兄
oniisan 2.444 the older brother 5. no evidence for borrowing お兄さん
otōto 2.445 the younger brother 5. no evidence for borrowing 弟
shimai 2.45 the sister 1. clearly borrowed 姉妹
onnakyōdai 2.45 the sister 5. no evidence for borrowing 女兄弟
ane 2.454 the older sister 5. no evidence for borrowing 姉
onēsan 2.454 the older sister 5. no evidence for borrowing お姉さん
imōto 2.455 the younger sister 5. no evidence for borrowing 妹
kyōdai 2.456 the sibling 1. clearly borrowed 兄弟
kyōdaishimai 2.456 the sibling 1. clearly borrowed 兄弟姉妹
keishi 2.4561 the older sibling 1. clearly borrowed 兄姉
toshiue no kyōdai 2.4561 the older sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing 年上の兄弟
teimai 2.4562 the younger sibling 1. clearly borrowed 弟妹
toshishita no kyōdai 2.4562 the younger sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing 年下の兄弟
futago 2.458 the twins 5. no evidence for borrowing 双子
sofu 2.46 the grandfather 1. clearly borrowed 祖父
ojiisan 2.46 the grandfather 5. no evidence for borrowing お祖父さん (grandfather) お爺さん (old man)
rōjin 2.461 the old man 1. clearly borrowed 老人
toshiyori 2.461 the old man 5. no evidence for borrowing 年寄り
ojiisan 2.461 the old man 5. no evidence for borrowing お祖父さん (grandfather) お爺さん (old man)
sobo 2.47 the grandmother 1. clearly borrowed 祖母
obāsan 2.47 the grandmother 5. no evidence for borrowing お祖母さん (grandmother) お婆さん (old woman)
rōba 2.471 the old woman 1. clearly borrowed 老婆
obāsan 2.471 the old woman 5. no evidence for borrowing お祖母さん (grandmother) お婆さん (old woman)
rōfu 2.471 the old woman 1. clearly borrowed 老婦
sofubo 2.4711 the grandparents 1. clearly borrowed 祖父母
mago 2.48 the grandson 5. no evidence for borrowing 孫
magomusume 2.49 the granddaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing 孫娘
mago 2.5 the grandchild 5. no evidence for borrowing 孫
oji 2.51 the uncle 5. no evidence for borrowing 伯父　(parent’s elder brother)、叔父(parent’s younger brother)
oji 2.511 the mother's brother 5. no evidence for borrowing 伯父　(parent’s elder brother)、叔父(parent’s younger brother)
oji 2.512 the father's brother 5. no evidence for borrowing 伯父　(parent’s elder brother)、叔父(parent’s younger brother)
oba 2.52 the aunt 5. no evidence for borrowing 伯母　(parent’s elder brother)、叔母(parent’s younger brother)
oba 2.521 the mother's sister 5. no evidence for borrowing 伯母　(parent’s elder brother)、叔母(parent’s younger brother)
oba 2.522 the father's sister 5. no evidence for borrowing 伯母　(parent’s elder brother)、叔母(parent’s younger brother)
oi 2.53 the nephew 5. no evidence for borrowing 甥
mei 2.54 the niece 5. no evidence for borrowing 姪
itoko 2.55 the cousin 5. no evidence for borrowing 従兄弟 (usually in hiragana. In kanji, the characters given are most common, but appropriate characters can be used to indicate gender and relative age of the cousin)
senzo 2.56 the ancestors 1. clearly borrowed 先祖
shison 2.57 the descendants 1. clearly borrowed 子孫
shūto 2.61 the father-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing 舅
shūto 2.611 the father-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing 舅
shūtome 2.62 the mother-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing 姑
shūtome 2.621 the mother-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing 姑
gifubo 2.622 the parents-in-law 2. probably borrowed 義父母
muko 2.63 the son-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing 婿
muko 2.631 the son-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing 婿
yome 2.64 the daughter-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing 嫁
yome 2.641 the daughter-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing 嫁
gikyōdai 2.6412 the sibling-in-law 3. perhaps borrowed 義兄弟
mamachichi 2.71 the stepfather 5. no evidence for borrowing 継父
gifu 2.71 the stepfather 1. clearly borrowed 義父
mamahaha 2.72 the stepmother 5. no evidence for borrowing 継母
gibo 2.72 the stepmother 1. clearly borrowed 義母
mamamusuko 2.73 the stepson 5. no evidence for borrowing 継息子
mamamusume 2.74 the stepdaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing 継娘
koji 2.75 the orphan 1. clearly borrowed 孤児
mibōjin 2.76 the widow 4. very little evidence for borrowing 未亡人
yamome 2.76 the widow 5. no evidence for borrowing 寡、寡婦?
kafu 2.76 the widow 1. clearly borrowed 寡婦
otokoyamome 2.77 the widower 5. no evidence for borrowing 男寡婦
shinseki 2.81 the relatives 1. clearly borrowed 親戚
miuchi 2.82 the family 5. no evidence for borrowing 身内
kazoku 2.82 the family 1. clearly borrowed 家族
watashi 2.91 I 5. no evidence for borrowing 私
boku 2.91 I 1. clearly borrowed 僕
pú ( Chinese )
ore 2.91 I 5. no evidence for borrowing 俺
kimi (1) 2.92 you (singular) 3. perhaps borrowed 君
qun ( Chinese )
omae 2.92 you (singular) 5. no evidence for borrowing 御前
anata 2.92 you (singular) 5. no evidence for borrowing 貴方
kare 2.93 he/she/it 5. no evidence for borrowing 彼
kanojo 2.93 he/she/it 5. no evidence for borrowing 彼女
kare 2.931 he 5. no evidence for borrowing 彼
kanojo 2.932 she 5. no evidence for borrowing 彼女
sore 2.933 it 5. no evidence for borrowing それ
watashitachi 2.94 we 5. no evidence for borrowing 私達
oretachi 2.94 we 5. no evidence for borrowing 俺達
bokura 2.94 we 5. no evidence for borrowing 僕等
wareware 2.94 we 5. no evidence for borrowing 我々
kimitachi 2.95 you (plural) 5. no evidence for borrowing 君達
anatagata 2.95 you (plural) 5. no evidence for borrowing 貴方々
karera 2.96 they 5. no evidence for borrowing 彼等
dōbutsu 3.11 the animal 1. clearly borrowed 動物
osu (1) 3.12 male(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing 雄
mesu 3.13 female(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing 雌
kachiku 3.15 the livestock 1. clearly borrowed 家畜
bokujō 3.16 the pasture 1. clearly borrowed 牧場
bokufu 3.18 the herdsman 1. clearly borrowed 牧夫
kachikugoya 3.19 the stable or stall 5. no evidence for borrowing 家畜小屋
ushi 3.2 the cattle 5. no evidence for borrowing 牛
oushi 3.21 the bull 5. no evidence for borrowing 牡牛
kyoseigyū 3.22 the ox 2. probably borrowed 去勢牛
meushi 3.23 the cow 5. no evidence for borrowing 牝牛、雌牛
koushi 3.24 the calf 5. no evidence for borrowing 子牛
hitsuji 3.25 the sheep 5. no evidence for borrowing 羊
ohitsuji 3.26 the ram 5. no evidence for borrowing 雄羊
mehitsuji 3.28 the ewe 5. no evidence for borrowing 雌羊
kohitsuji 3.29 the lamb 5. no evidence for borrowing 子羊
inoshishi 3.32 the boar 5. no evidence for borrowing 猪
mebuta 3.34 the sow 5. no evidence for borrowing 雌豚
buta 3.35 the pig 5. no evidence for borrowing 豚
yagi 3.36 the goat 4. very little evidence for borrowing 山羊
yang ( Korean )
osuyagi 3.37 the he-goat 5. no evidence for borrowing 雄山羊
koyagi 3.38 the kid 5. no evidence for borrowing 子山羊
uma 3.41 the horse 2. probably borrowed 馬
taneuma 3.42 the stallion 5. no evidence for borrowing 種馬
meuma 3.44 the mare 5. no evidence for borrowing 雌馬
kouma 3.45 the foal or colt 5. no evidence for borrowing 子馬
roba 3.46 the donkey 1. clearly borrowed 驢馬
raba 3.47 the mule 1. clearly borrowed 騾馬
kakin 3.5 the fowl 1. clearly borrowed 家禽
ondori 3.52 the cock/rooster 5. no evidence for borrowing 雄鶏
mendori 3.54 the hen 5. no evidence for borrowing 雌鳥
niwatori 3.55 the chicken 5. no evidence for borrowing 鶏
gachō 3.56 the goose 1. clearly borrowed 鵞鳥
ahiru 3.57 the duck 5. no evidence for borrowing 家鴨
su 3.58 the nest 5. no evidence for borrowing 巣
tori 3.581 the bird 5. no evidence for borrowing 鳥
kamome 3.582 the seagull 5. no evidence for borrowing 鴎
sagi 3.583 the heron 5. no evidence for borrowing 鷺
washi 3.584 the eagle 5. no evidence for borrowing 鷲
taka 3.585 the hawk 5. no evidence for borrowing 鷹
hagetaka 3.586 the vulture 5. no evidence for borrowing 禿鷹
kōmori 3.591 the bat 5. no evidence for borrowing 蝙蝠
ōmu 3.592 the parrot 1. clearly borrowed 鸚鵡
karasu 3.593 the crow 5. no evidence for borrowing 烏
hato 3.594 the dove 5. no evidence for borrowing 鳩
fukurō 3.596 the owl 5. no evidence for borrowing 梟
u 3.597 the cormorant 5. no evidence for borrowing 鵜
ōhashi 3.598 the toucan 5. no evidence for borrowing 大嘴
inu 3.61 the dog 5. no evidence for borrowing 犬
usagi 3.614 the rabbit 3. perhaps borrowed 兎
neko 3.62 the cat 5. no evidence for borrowing 猫
fukuronezumi 3.622 the opossum 5. no evidence for borrowing 梟鼠
opossamu 3.622 the opossum 1. clearly borrowed オポッサム
nezumi 3.63 the mouse or rat 5. no evidence for borrowing 鼠
sakana 3.65 the fish 5. no evidence for borrowing 魚
hire 3.652 the fin 5. no evidence for borrowing 鰭
uroko 3.653 the scale 5. no evidence for borrowing 鱗
era 3.654 the gill 5. no evidence for borrowing 鰓
kai (1) 3.655 the shell 5. no evidence for borrowing 貝
same 3.661 the shark 4. very little evidence for borrowing 鮫
same ( Ainu )
iruka 3.662 the porpoise or dolphin 5. no evidence for borrowing 海豚, 鯆
kujira 3.663 the whale 5. no evidence for borrowing 鯨
ei 3.664 the stingray 5. no evidence for borrowing 鱏
unagi 3.665 the freshwater eel 5. no evidence for borrowing 鰻
ōkami 3.71 the wolf 5. no evidence for borrowing 狼
shishi 3.72 the lion 1. clearly borrowed 獅子
raion 3.72 the lion 1. clearly borrowed ライオン
< leōn ( Greek )
kuma 3.73 the bear 2. probably borrowed 熊
kitsune 3.74 the fox 5. no evidence for borrowing 狐
shika 3.75 the deer 5. no evidence for borrowing 鹿
saru (1) 3.76 the monkey 5. no evidence for borrowing 猿
zō 3.77 the elephant 1. clearly borrowed 象 (elephant), 像 (statue)
rakuda 3.78 the camel 1. clearly borrowed 駱駝
mushi 3.81 the insect 5. no evidence for borrowing 虫
konchū 3.81 the insect 1. clearly borrowed 昆虫
atamajirami 3.811 the head louse 5. no evidence for borrowing 頭虱
shirami 3.811 the head louse 5. no evidence for borrowing 虱
koromojirami 3.8112 the body louse 5. no evidence for borrowing 衣虱
shirami 3.8112 the body louse 5. no evidence for borrowing 虱
nomi (1) 3.813 the flea 5. no evidence for borrowing 蚤
mukade 3.814 the centipede 5. no evidence for borrowing 百足
sasori 3.815 the scorpion 5. no evidence for borrowing 蠍
gokiburi 3.816 the cockroach 5. no evidence for borrowing ごきぶり/蜚蠊/御器齧
aburamushi 3.816 the cockroach 5. no evidence for borrowing 油虫
ari 3.817 the ant 5. no evidence for borrowing 蟻
kumo (2) 3.818 the spider 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜘蛛
mitsubachi 3.82 the bee 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜜蜂
mitsurō 3.821 the beeswax 1. clearly borrowed 蜜蝋
hachisu 3.822 the beehive 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜂巣
hōka (2) 3.822 the beehive 2. probably borrowed 蜂窩
hachi (1) 3.823 the wasp 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜂
hae 3.83 the fly 5. no evidence for borrowing 蠅
sunabae 3.831 the sandfly or midge or gnat 5. no evidence for borrowing 砂蠅
yusurika 3.831 the sandfly or midge or gnat 5. no evidence for borrowing 揺蚊
buyo 3.831 the sandfly or midge or gnat 5. no evidence for borrowing 蚋
ka (1) 3.832 the mosquito 5. no evidence for borrowing 蚊
ebi 3.833 the prawns or shrimp 5. no evidence for borrowing 海老・蝦
shiroari 3.834 the termites 5. no evidence for borrowing 白蟻
dani 3.835 the tick 5. no evidence for borrowing ダニ・壁蝨・蜱
mushi 3.84 the worm 5. no evidence for borrowing 虫
hebi 3.85 the snake 5. no evidence for borrowing 蛇
koyōte 3.862 the coyote 1. clearly borrowed コヨーテ
< coyotl ( Nahuatl )
usagi 3.863 the hare 3. perhaps borrowed 兎
uzura 3.865 the quail 5. no evidence for borrowing 鶉
araiguma 3.866 the raccoon 5. no evidence for borrowing アライグマ・洗熊・浣熊
risu 3.869 the squirrel 1. clearly borrowed 栗鼠
tonakai 3.871 the reindeer/caribou 1. clearly borrowed トナカイ・馴鹿
ōjika 3.872 the elk/moose 5. no evidence for borrowing 大鹿
herajika 3.872 the elk/moose 5. no evidence for borrowing ヘラジカ
biibā 3.873 the beaver 1. clearly borrowed ビーバー
kangarū 3.88 the kangaroo 1. clearly borrowed カンガルー
arikui 3.89 the anteater 5. no evidence for borrowing アリクイ・蟻食・食蟻獣
jagā 3.9 the jaguar 1. clearly borrowed ジャガー
hotaru 3.91 the firefly 5. no evidence for borrowing 蛍
kamereon 3.913 the chameleon 1. clearly borrowed カメレオン
suigyū 3.917 the buffalo 1. clearly borrowed 水牛
baffarō 3.917 the buffalo 1. clearly borrowed バッファロー
< boubalos ( Greek )
chō (1) 3.92 the butterfly 1. clearly borrowed 蝶
batta 3.93 the grasshopper 5. no evidence for borrowing 飛蝗
inago 3.93 the grasshopper 5. no evidence for borrowing 蝗
kirigirisu 3.93 the grasshopper 5. no evidence for borrowing 螽斯/蟋蟀
katatsumuri 3.94 the snail 5. no evidence for borrowing 蝸牛
kaeru (1) 3.95 the frog 5. no evidence for borrowing 蛙
tokage 3.96 the lizard 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜥蜴
wani 3.97 the crocodile or alligator 5. no evidence for borrowing 鰐
kame 3.98 the turtle 5. no evidence for borrowing 亀
baku 3.99 the tapir 1. clearly borrowed 獏
mò ( Chinese )
karada 4.11 the body 5. no evidence for borrowing 体
hifu 4.12 the skin or hide 1. clearly borrowed 皮膚
kawa (2) 4.12 the skin or hide 5. no evidence for borrowing 皮
niku 4.13 the flesh 1. clearly borrowed 肉
kami (1) 4.14 the hair 5. no evidence for borrowing 髪
ke 4.14 the hair 5. no evidence for borrowing 毛
hige 4.142 the beard 5. no evidence for borrowing 髭
taimō 4.144 the body hair 2. probably borrowed 体毛
inmō 4.145 the pubic hair 1. clearly borrowed 陰毛
chimō 4.145 the pubic hair 1. clearly borrowed 恥毛
fuke 4.146 the dandruff 5. no evidence for borrowing 雲脂/頭垢
chi 4.15 the blood 5. no evidence for borrowing 血
kekkan 4.151 the vein or artery 2. probably borrowed 血管
hone 4.16 the bone 5. no evidence for borrowing 骨
abara 4.162 the rib 5. no evidence for borrowing 肋
rokkotsu 4.162 the rib 1. clearly borrowed 肋骨
tsuno 4.17 the horn 3. perhaps borrowed 角
o 4.18 the tail 5. no evidence for borrowing 尾
shippo 4.18 the tail 5. no evidence for borrowing 尻尾
se 4.19 the back 5. no evidence for borrowing 背
senaka 4.19 the back 5. no evidence for borrowing 背中
sekichū 4.191 the spine 2. probably borrowed 脊柱
sebone 4.191 the spine 5. no evidence for borrowing 背骨
atama 4.2 the head 5. no evidence for borrowing 頭
komekami 4.201 the temples 5. no evidence for borrowing 蟀谷
zugaikotsu 4.202 the skull 1. clearly borrowed 頭蓋骨
nō 4.203 the brain 1. clearly borrowed 脳
kao 4.204 the face 5. no evidence for borrowing 顔
hitai 4.205 the forehead 5. no evidence for borrowing 額
kiba 4.207 the jaw 5. no evidence for borrowing 牙
ago 4.207 the jaw 5. no evidence for borrowing 顎、頤
hō 4.208 the cheek 5. no evidence for borrowing 頬
ago 4.209 the chin 5. no evidence for borrowing 顎、頤
otogai 4.209 the chin 5. no evidence for borrowing 頤
me 4.21 the eye 5. no evidence for borrowing 目、眼
mayuge 4.212 the eyebrow 5. no evidence for borrowing 眉毛
mabuta 4.213 the eyelid 5. no evidence for borrowing 瞼
matsuge 4.214 the eyelash 5. no evidence for borrowing 睫
mabataki 4.215 to blink 5. no evidence for borrowing 瞬き
mimi 4.22 the ear 3. perhaps borrowed 耳
jida 4.22 the ear 1. clearly borrowed 耳朶
mimitabu 4.221 the earlobe 5. no evidence for borrowing 耳朶
jida 4.221 the earlobe 1. clearly borrowed 耳朶
mimiaka 4.222 the earwax 5. no evidence for borrowing 耳垢
hana (1) 4.23 the nose 5. no evidence for borrowing 鼻
bikō 4.231 the nostril 1. clearly borrowed 鼻孔
hanakuso 4.232 the nasal mucus 5. no evidence for borrowing 鼻糞
hanamizu 4.232 the nasal mucus 5. no evidence for borrowing 鼻水
hana (1) 4.232 the nasal mucus 5. no evidence for borrowing 鼻
kuchi 4.24 the mouth 5. no evidence for borrowing 口
kuchibashi 4.241 the beak 5. no evidence for borrowing 嘴
kuchibiru 4.25 the lip 5. no evidence for borrowing 唇
shita (1) 4.26 the tongue 5. no evidence for borrowing 舌
ha (1) 4.27 the tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing 歯
haguki 4.271 the gums 5. no evidence for borrowing 歯茎
shigin 4.271 the gums 1. clearly borrowed 歯齦
shiniku 4.271 the gums 1. clearly borrowed 歯肉
kyūshi 4.272 the molar tooth 2. probably borrowed 臼歯
okuba 4.272 the molar tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing 奥歯
kubi 4.28 the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing 首
unaji 4.281 the nape of the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing 項
erikubi 4.281 the nape of the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing 襟首
nodo 4.29 the throat 3. perhaps borrowed 喉
kata (2) 4.3 the shoulder 5. no evidence for borrowing 肩
kenkōkotsu 4.301 the shoulderblade 1. clearly borrowed 肩甲骨・肩胛骨
sakotsu 4.302 the collarbone 1. clearly borrowed 鎖骨
ude 4.31 the arm 5. no evidence for borrowing 腕
ekika 4.312 the armpit 1. clearly borrowed 腋下
waki no shita 4.312 the armpit 5. no evidence for borrowing 脇の下
hiji 4.32 the elbow 5. no evidence for borrowing 肘
tekubi 4.321 the wrist 5. no evidence for borrowing 手首
te 4.33 the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing 手
tenohira 4.331 the palm of the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing 掌
tanagokoro 4.331 the palm of the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing 掌
yubi 4.34 the finger 5. no evidence for borrowing 指
oyayubi 4.342 the thumb 5. no evidence for borrowing 親指
tsume 4.344 the fingernail 5. no evidence for borrowing 爪
tsume 4.345 the claw 5. no evidence for borrowing 爪
hasami 4.345 the claw 5. no evidence for borrowing 鋏
ashi 4.35 the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing 脚(leg)、足(foot)
momo 4.351 the thigh 5. no evidence for borrowing 腿
fukurahagi 4.352 the calf of the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing 脹脛
komura 4.352 the calf of the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing 腓
hiza 4.36 the knee 5. no evidence for borrowing 膝
ashi 4.37 the foot 5. no evidence for borrowing 脚(leg)、足(foot)
ashikubi 4.371 the ankle 5. no evidence for borrowing 足首
kurubushi 4.371 the ankle 5. no evidence for borrowing 踝
kakato 4.372 the heel 5. no evidence for borrowing 踵
ashiato 4.374 the footprint 5. no evidence for borrowing 足跡
ashiyubi 4.38 the toe 5. no evidence for borrowing 足指
tsubasa 4.392 the wing 5. no evidence for borrowing 翼
hane 4.393 the feather 5. no evidence for borrowing 羽根(plucked feather)、羽(live feather)
mune 4.4 the chest 5. no evidence for borrowing 胸
oppai 4.41 the breast 5. no evidence for borrowing おっぱい
chichi (2) 4.41 the breast 5. no evidence for borrowing 乳
chichikubi 4.412 the nipple or teat 5. no evidence for borrowing 乳首
chibusa 4.42 the udder 5. no evidence for borrowing 乳房
oppai 4.42 the udder 5. no evidence for borrowing おっぱい
heso 4.43 the navel 5. no evidence for borrowing 臍
hara 4.431 the belly 3. perhaps borrowed 腹
kokoro 4.44 the heart 5. no evidence for borrowing 心
shinzō 4.44 the heart 1. clearly borrowed 心臓
haizō 4.441 the lung 1. clearly borrowed 肺臓
kimo 4.45 the liver 5. no evidence for borrowing 肝
kanzō 4.45 the liver 1. clearly borrowed 肝臓
jinzō 4.451 the kidney 1. clearly borrowed 腎臓
hizō 4.452 the spleen 1. clearly borrowed 脾臓
i 4.46 the stomach 1. clearly borrowed 胃
chō (2) 4.461 the intestines or guts 1. clearly borrowed 腸
naizō 4.461 the intestines or guts 2. probably borrowed 内臓
koshi 4.462 the waist 5. no evidence for borrowing 腰
yōbu 4.462 the waist 1. clearly borrowed 腰部
shiri 4.463 the hip 5. no evidence for borrowing 尻
denbu 4.463 the hip 1. clearly borrowed 臀部
shiri 4.464 the buttocks 5. no evidence for borrowing 尻
denbu 4.464 the buttocks 1. clearly borrowed 臀部
ken (1) 4.465 the sinew or tendon 1. clearly borrowed 腱
suji 4.465 the sinew or tendon 5. no evidence for borrowing 筋
shikyū 4.47 the womb 1. clearly borrowed 子宮
kintama 4.49 the testicles 5. no evidence for borrowing 金玉
kōgan 4.49 the testicles 2. probably borrowed 睾丸
dankon 4.492 the penis 1. clearly borrowed 男根
penisu 4.492 the penis 1. clearly borrowed ペニス
< pēnis ( Latin )
chinko 4.492 the penis 5. no evidence for borrowing ちんこ
chitsu 4.493 the vagina 1. clearly borrowed 膣
manko 4.493 the vagina 5. no evidence for borrowing まんこ
inmon 4.494 the vulva 1. clearly borrowed 陰門
suu 4.51 to breathe 3. perhaps borrowed 吸う
kokyū 4.51 to breathe 1. clearly borrowed 呼吸
akubi 4.52 to yawn 5. no evidence for borrowing 欠伸
shakkuri 4.521 to hiccough 5. no evidence for borrowing 噦
seki 4.53 to cough 5. no evidence for borrowing 咳をする
kushami 4.54 to sneeze 5. no evidence for borrowing 嚔する
ase o kaku 4.55 to perspire 5. no evidence for borrowing 汗を掻く
hakkan 4.55 to perspire 1. clearly borrowed 発汗
tsuba o haku 4.56 to spit 5. no evidence for borrowing 唾を吐く
haku (1) 4.57 to vomit 5. no evidence for borrowing 吐く
ōto 4.57 to vomit 1. clearly borrowed 嘔吐
kamu 4.58 to bite 5. no evidence for borrowing 噛む、咬む
sasu 4.58 to bite 5. no evidence for borrowing 刺す
nameru 4.59 to lick 3. perhaps borrowed 舐める
yodare o tarasu 4.591 to dribble 5. no evidence for borrowing 涎を垂らす
neru 4.61 to sleep 5. no evidence for borrowing 寝る
nemuru 4.61 to sleep 5. no evidence for borrowing 眠る
ibiki o kaku 4.612 to snore 5. no evidence for borrowing 鼾を掻く
yume o miru 4.62 to dream 5. no evidence for borrowing 夢を見る
me ga sameru 4.63 to wake up 5. no evidence for borrowing 目が覚める
onara 4.64 to fart 5. no evidence for borrowing おなら
hōhi 4.64 to fart 1. clearly borrowed 放屁
shōben 4.65 to piss 1. clearly borrowed 小便
nyō 4.65 to piss 1. clearly borrowed 尿
oshikko 4.65 to piss 5. no evidence for borrowing おしっこ
daiben 4.66 to shit 1. clearly borrowed 大便
kuso 4.66 to shit 5. no evidence for borrowing 糞
unko 4.66 to shit 5. no evidence for borrowing うんこ
sekkusu 4.67 to have sex 1. clearly borrowed セックス
sex ( English )
< sexus ( Latin )
neru 4.67 to have sex 5. no evidence for borrowing 寝る
miburui 4.68 to shiver 5. no evidence for borrowing 身震い
furueru 4.68 to shiver 5. no evidence for borrowing 震える・振るえる
nyūyoku 4.69 to bathe 3. perhaps borrowed 入浴
furo ni hairu 4.69 to bathe 5. no evidence for borrowing 風呂に入る
mōkeru 4.71 to beget 5. no evidence for borrowing 儲ける; 設ける is used for the sense of “prepare, establish; earn”
umareru 4.72 to be born 5. no evidence for borrowing 生まれる
miomo 4.73 pregnant 5. no evidence for borrowing 身重
ninshin 4.732 to conceive 1. clearly borrowed 妊娠
haramu 4.732 to conceive 5. no evidence for borrowing 孕む
ikiru 4.74 to be alive 5. no evidence for borrowing 生きている
inochi 4.741 the life 5. no evidence for borrowing 命
seimei 4.741 the life 1. clearly borrowed 生命
jinsei 4.741 the life 1. clearly borrowed 人生
seikatsu 4.741 the life 1. clearly borrowed 生活
shinu 4.75 to die 5. no evidence for borrowing 死ぬ
shibō (2) 4.75 to die 1. clearly borrowed 死亡
shinu 4.7501 dead 5. no evidence for borrowing 死ぬ
oboreru 4.751 to drown 5. no evidence for borrowing 溺れる
dekishi 4.751 to drown 1. clearly borrowed 溺死
korosu 4.76 to kill 5. no evidence for borrowing 殺す
shitai 4.77 the corpse 1. clearly borrowed 死体
shitai 4.771 the carcass 1. clearly borrowed 死体
hōmuru 4.78 to bury 5. no evidence for borrowing 葬る
haka 4.79 the grave 2. probably borrowed 墓
tsuyoi 4.81 strong 5. no evidence for borrowing 強い
yowai 4.82 weak 5. no evidence for borrowing 弱い
kenkō 4.83 healthy 1. clearly borrowed 健康
genki 4.83 healthy 1. clearly borrowed 元気
byōki 4.84 sick/ill 2. probably borrowed 病気
netsu 4.841 the fever 1. clearly borrowed 熱
rè ( Chinese )
kōjōsenshu 4.842 the goitre/goiter 1. clearly borrowed 甲状腺腫
kaze 4.843 the cold 5. no evidence for borrowing 風 (wind) 風邪(cold). The latter is some sort of ateji.
byōki 4.844 the disease 2. probably borrowed 病気
kizu 4.85 the wound or sore 5. no evidence for borrowing 傷
kega 4.85 the wound or sore 5. no evidence for borrowing 怪我, a case of ateji
uchikizu 4.852 the bruise 5. no evidence for borrowing 打ち傷
aza 4.852 the bruise 5. no evidence for borrowing 痣
kobu 4.853 the swelling 5. no evidence for borrowing 瘤
hare 4.853 the swelling 5. no evidence for borrowing 腫れ
kayumi 4.854 the itch 5. no evidence for borrowing 痒み
kaku 4.8541 to scratch 3. perhaps borrowed 掻く(scratch, stir), 書く(write)
hibukure 4.855 the blister 5. no evidence for borrowing 火脹れ
mizubukure 4.855 the blister 5. no evidence for borrowing 水脹れ
nebuto 4.856 the boil 5. no evidence for borrowing 根太
nōyō 4.856 the boil 3. perhaps borrowed 膿瘍
dekimono 4.856 the boil 5. no evidence for borrowing 出来物
umi (2) 4.857 the pus 5. no evidence for borrowing 膿
kizuato 4.858 the scar 5. no evidence for borrowing 傷跡
naosu 4.86 to cure 5. no evidence for borrowing 治す(cure)、直す(repair or right something in general)
isha 4.87 the physician 3. perhaps borrowed 医者
kusuri 4.88 the medicine 5. no evidence for borrowing 薬
doku 4.89 the poison 1. clearly borrowed 毒
dú ( Chinese )
nemui 4.91 tired 5. no evidence for borrowing 眠い
tsukareru 4.91 tired 5. no evidence for borrowing 疲れる
yasumu 4.912 to rest 5. no evidence for borrowing 休む
kyūyō 4.912 to rest 1. clearly borrowed 休養
darui 4.92 lazy 5. no evidence for borrowing 怠い、懈い
taida 4.92 lazy 1. clearly borrowed 怠惰
hageru 4.93 bald 5. no evidence for borrowing 禿る
tokutō 4.93 bald 1. clearly borrowed 禿頭
ashi ga fujiyū da 4.94 lame 5. no evidence for borrowing 足が不自由だ
bikko 4.94 lame 5. no evidence for borrowing 跛
fuzui 4.94 lame 1. clearly borrowed 不随
mimi ga kikoenai 4.95 deaf 5. no evidence for borrowing 耳が聞こえない
tsunbo 4.95 deaf 5. no evidence for borrowing 聾
kuchi ga kikenai 4.96 mute 5. no evidence for borrowing 口が利けない
oshi 4.96 mute 5. no evidence for borrowing 唖
me ga mienai 4.97 blind 5. no evidence for borrowing 目が見えない
mōmoku 4.97 blind 1. clearly borrowed 盲目
mekura 4.97 blind 5. no evidence for borrowing 盲,瞽
you 4.98 drunk 5. no evidence for borrowing 酔った
hadaka 4.99 naked 5. no evidence for borrowing 裸
taberu 5.11 to eat 5. no evidence for borrowing 食べる
tabemono 5.12 the food 5. no evidence for borrowing 食べ物
hi o tōsu 5.121 cooked 5. no evidence for borrowing 火を通す
chōri 5.121 cooked 2. probably borrowed 調理
nama 5.122 raw 5. no evidence for borrowing 生
minoru 5.123 ripe 5. no evidence for borrowing 実る
juku 5.123 ripe 1. clearly borrowed 熟
mijuku 5.124 unripe 1. clearly borrowed 未熟
aoi 5.124 unripe 5. no evidence for borrowing 青い
kusaru 5.125 rotten 5. no evidence for borrowing 腐る
nomu 5.13 to drink 3. perhaps borrowed 飲む
hara ga heru 5.14 to be hungry 5. no evidence for borrowing 腹が減る
kūfuku 5.14 to be hungry 2. probably borrowed 空腹
kikin 5.141 the famine 1. clearly borrowed 飢饉
nodo ga kawaku 5.15 to be thirsty 5. no evidence for borrowing 喉が渇く
suu 5.16 to suck 3. perhaps borrowed 吸う
kamu 5.18 to chew 5. no evidence for borrowing 噛む、咬む
nomu 5.181 to swallow 3. perhaps borrowed 飲む
iki ga tsumaru 5.19 to choke 5. no evidence for borrowing 息が詰まる
chissoku 5.19 to choke 2. probably borrowed 窒息
ryōri 5.21 to cook 1. clearly borrowed 料理
hi o tōsu 5.21 to cook 5. no evidence for borrowing 火を通す
niru (2) 5.21 to cook 5. no evidence for borrowing 煮る
chōri 5.21 to cook 2. probably borrowed 調理
waku 5.22 to boil 5. no evidence for borrowing 沸く
futtō 5.22 to boil 1. clearly borrowed 沸騰
yaku 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing 焼く
itameru 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing 炒める
aburu 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing 炙る・焙る
yaku 5.24 to bake 5. no evidence for borrowing 焼く
ōbun 5.25 the oven 1. clearly borrowed オーブン
renji 5.25 the oven 1. clearly borrowed レンジ
nabe 5.26 the pot 3. perhaps borrowed 鍋
yakan 5.27 the kettle 1. clearly borrowed 薬鑵
nabe 5.28 the pan 3. perhaps borrowed 鍋
furaipan 5.28 the pan 1. clearly borrowed フライパン
sara 5.31 the dish 2. probably borrowed 皿
utsuwa 5.31 the dish 5. no evidence for borrowing 器
sara 5.32 the plate 2. probably borrowed 皿
hachi (2) 5.33 the bowl 2. probably borrowed 鉢
chawan 5.33 the bowl 2. probably borrowed 茶碗
bōru (1) 5.33 the bowl 1. clearly borrowed ボール
donburi 5.33 the bowl 5. no evidence for borrowing 丼
mizusashi 5.34 the jug/pitcher 5. no evidence for borrowing 水差し
kappu 5.35 the cup 1. clearly borrowed カップ
cup ( English )
< cupa ( Latin )
chawan 5.35 the cup 2. probably borrowed 茶碗
ukezara 5.36 the saucer 5. no evidence for borrowing 受け皿
supūn 5.37 the spoon 1. clearly borrowed スプーン
saji 5.37 the spoon 3. perhaps borrowed 匙
naifu 5.38 the knife(1) 1. clearly borrowed ナイフ
fōku 5.39 the fork 1. clearly borrowed フォーク
< furca ( Latin )
tongu 5.391 the tongs 1. clearly borrowed トング
shokuji 5.41 the meal 2. probably borrowed 食事
gohan 5.41 the meal 1. clearly borrowed 御飯
meshi 5.41 the meal 5. no evidence for borrowing 飯
asameshi 5.42 the breakfast 5. no evidence for borrowing 朝飯
chōshoku 5.42 the breakfast 3. perhaps borrowed 朝食
hirumeshi 5.43 the lunch 5. no evidence for borrowing 昼飯
chūshoku 5.43 the lunch 3. perhaps borrowed 昼食
yūmeshi 5.45 the supper 5. no evidence for borrowing 夕飯
yūshoku 5.45 the supper 5. no evidence for borrowing 夕食
bansan 5.45 the supper 1. clearly borrowed 晩餐
muku 5.46 to peel 5. no evidence for borrowing 剥く
furuu 5.47 to sieve or to strain 5. no evidence for borrowing 篩う
kosuru 5.48 to scrape 5. no evidence for borrowing 擦る
kaku 5.49 to stir or to mix 3. perhaps borrowed 掻く(scratch, stir), 書く(write)
mazeru 5.49 to stir or to mix 5. no evidence for borrowing 混ぜる
pan 5.51 the bread 1. clearly borrowed パン
kiji 5.53 the dough 5. no evidence for borrowing 生地
koneru 5.54 to knead 5. no evidence for borrowing 捏ねる
komugiko 5.55 the flour 5. no evidence for borrowing 小麦粉
kudaku 5.56 to crush or to grind 5. no evidence for borrowing 砕く
hiku 5.56 to crush or to grind 5. no evidence for borrowing 引く (pull), 挽く (crush)
hikiusu 5.57 the mill 5. no evidence for borrowing 碾き臼
nyūbachi 5.58 the mortar(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 乳鉢
suribachi 5.58 the mortar(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 擂り鉢
usu 5.58 the mortar(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 臼
nyūbō 5.59 the pestle 2. probably borrowed 乳棒
surikogi 5.59 the pestle 5. no evidence for borrowing 擂り粉木
kine 5.59 the pestle 5. no evidence for borrowing 杵
niku 5.61 the meat 1. clearly borrowed 肉
sōsēji 5.63 the sausage 1. clearly borrowed ソーセージ
< salsicia ( Latin )
sūpu 5.64 the soup 1. clearly borrowed スープ
shiru (2) 5.64 the soup 5. no evidence for borrowing 汁
yasai 5.65 the vegetables 2. probably borrowed 野菜
mame 5.66 the bean 5. no evidence for borrowing 豆
jagaimo 5.7 the potato 5. no evidence for borrowing ジャガイモ・じゃが芋
imo 5.7 the potato 5. no evidence for borrowing 芋
kudamono 5.71 the fruit 5. no evidence for borrowing 果物
furūtsu 5.71 the fruit 1. clearly borrowed フルーツ
< fructus ( Latin )
taba 5.712 the bunch 5. no evidence for borrowing 束
ichijiku 5.75 the fig 2. probably borrowed イチジク・無花果・映日果
< anjir ( Persian )
budō 5.76 the grape 1. clearly borrowed 葡萄
kinomi 5.77 the nut 5. no evidence for borrowing 木の実
nattsu 5.77 the nut 1. clearly borrowed ナッツ
nut ( English )
oriibu 5.78 the olive 1. clearly borrowed オリーブ
< elaion ( Greek )
abura 5.79 the oil 5. no evidence for borrowing 油 (”oil”), 脂 (”grease, fat”)
oiru 5.79 the oil 1. clearly borrowed オイル
oil ( English )
abura 5.791 the grease or fat 5. no evidence for borrowing 油 (”oil”), 脂 (”grease, fat”)
shibō (1) 5.791 the grease or fat 1. clearly borrowed 脂肪
shio 5.81 the salt 2. probably borrowed 塩 (salt); 潮、汐 (tide)
koshō 5.82 the pepper 1. clearly borrowed 胡椒
tōgarashi 5.821 the chili pepper 5. no evidence for borrowing 唐辛子
mitsu 5.84 the honey 1. clearly borrowed 蜜
mì ( Chinese )
< madhu ( Sanskrit )
satō 5.85 the sugar 1. clearly borrowed 砂糖
miruku 5.86 the milk 1. clearly borrowed ミルク
gyūnyū 5.86 the milk 2. probably borrowed 牛乳
shiboru 5.87 to milk 5. no evidence for borrowing 搾る
chiizu 5.88 the cheese 1. clearly borrowed チーズ
< cāseus ( Latin )
batā 5.89 the butter 1. clearly borrowed バター
nomimono 5.9 the drink 5. no evidence for borrowing 飲み物
miido 5.91 the mead 1. clearly borrowed ミード
sake 5.92 the wine 5. no evidence for borrowing 酒
wain 5.92 the wine 1. clearly borrowed ワイン
< vīnum ( Latin )
budōshu 5.92 the wine 1. clearly borrowed 葡萄酒
biiru 5.93 the beer 1. clearly borrowed ビール
bier ( Dutch )
< bibere ( Latin )
hakkōinryō 5.94 the fermented drink 2. probably borrowed 発酵飲料
tamago 5.97 the egg 5. no evidence for borrowing 卵
kimi (2) 5.971 the yolk 5. no evidence for borrowing 黄身 (could be ateji)
kyassaba 5.983 the manioc bread 1. clearly borrowed キャッサバ
< casavi ( Taino )
kiru (1) 6.11 to put on 5. no evidence for borrowing 着る
fuku (1) 6.12 the clothing or clothes 1. clearly borrowed 服
fú ( Chinese )
shitateya 6.13 the tailor 5. no evidence for borrowing 仕立屋
nuno 6.21 the cloth 5. no evidence for borrowing 布
orimono 6.21 the cloth 5. no evidence for borrowing 織物
ūru 6.22 the wool 1. clearly borrowed ウール
keito 6.22 the wool 5. no evidence for borrowing 毛糸
yōmō 6.22 the wool 1. clearly borrowed 羊毛
rinneru 6.23 the linen 1. clearly borrowed リンネル
momen 6.24 the cotton 1. clearly borrowed 木綿
kinu 6.25 the silk 2. probably borrowed 絹
shiruku 6.25 the silk 1. clearly borrowed シルク
feruto 6.27 the felt 1. clearly borrowed フェルト
kegawa 6.28 the fur 5. no evidence for borrowing 毛皮
kawa (2) 6.29 the leather 5. no evidence for borrowing 皮
hikaku 6.29 the leather 2. probably borrowed 皮革
tsumugu 6.31 to spin 5. no evidence for borrowing 紡ぐ
tsumu 6.32 the spindle 5. no evidence for borrowing 錘
bōsui 6.32 the spindle 1. clearly borrowed 紡錘
oru 6.33 to weave 5. no evidence for borrowing 織る
hata 6.34 the loom 5. no evidence for borrowing 機
oriki 6.34 the loom 5. no evidence for borrowing 織機
nuu 6.35 to sew 5. no evidence for borrowing 縫う
hari (1) 6.36 the needle(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 針
kiri (2) 6.37 the awl 5. no evidence for borrowing 錐
ito (1) 6.38 the thread 5. no evidence for borrowing 糸
someru 6.39 to dye 5. no evidence for borrowing 染める
manto 6.41 the cloak 1. clearly borrowed マント
poncho 6.411 the poncho 1. clearly borrowed ポンチョ
doresu 6.42 the (woman's) dress 5. no evidence for borrowing ドレス
< directus ( Latin )
uwagi 6.43 the coat 5. no evidence for borrowing 上着
kōto 6.43 the coat 1. clearly borrowed コート
< cote? ( Germanic )
shatsu 6.44 the shirt 1. clearly borrowed シャツ
eri 6.45 the collar 5. no evidence for borrowing 襟
sukāto 6.46 the skirt 1. clearly borrowed スカート
koshimino-sukāto 6.461 the grass-skirt 5. no evidence for borrowing 腰蓑スカート
zubon 6.48 the trousers 1. clearly borrowed ズボン
surakkusu 6.48 the trousers 1. clearly borrowed スラックス
kutsushita 6.49 the sock or stocking 5. no evidence for borrowing 靴下
sokkusu 6.49 the sock or stocking 1. clearly borrowed ソックス
sutokkingu 6.49 the sock or stocking 1. clearly borrowed ストッキング
kutsu 6.51 the shoe 5. no evidence for borrowing 靴
nagagutsu 6.52 the boot 5. no evidence for borrowing 長靴
būtsu 6.52 the boot 1. clearly borrowed ブーツ
kutsuya 6.54 the shoemaker 5. no evidence for borrowing 靴屋
bōshi 6.55 the hat or cap 1. clearly borrowed 帽子
beruto 6.57 the belt 1. clearly borrowed ベルト
< balteus ( Latin )
obi 6.57 the belt 5. no evidence for borrowing 帯
tebukuro 6.58 the glove 5. no evidence for borrowing 手袋
bēru 6.59 the veil 1. clearly borrowed ベール
< vēlum ( Latin )
poketto 6.61 the pocket 1. clearly borrowed ポケット
futokoro 6.61 the pocket 5. no evidence for borrowing 懐
botan 6.62 the button 1. clearly borrowed ボタン, 鈕, 釦
pin 6.63 the pin 1. clearly borrowed ピン
pin ( English )
< pinna ( Latin )
akusesarii 6.71 the ornament or adornment 1. clearly borrowed アクセサリー
kazarimono 6.71 the ornament or adornment 5. no evidence for borrowing 飾り物
hōseki 6.72 the jewel 1. clearly borrowed 宝石
yubiwa 6.73 the ring 5. no evidence for borrowing 指輪
udewa 6.74 the bracelet 5. no evidence for borrowing 腕輪
nekkuresu 6.75 the necklace 1. clearly borrowed ネックレス
kubikazari 6.75