Mandarin Chinese Vocabulary

by Thekla Wiebusch

The vocabulary contains 2130 meaning-word pairs from the recipient language Mandarin Chinese . The corresponding text chapter was published in the book "Loanwords in the World's Languages". The language page Mandarin Chinese contains a list of all loanwords arranged by donor languoid.

The word is given in the usual orthography or transcription, and in the usual citation form.

Click on a word to get even more information than is shown in this table.

The Loanword Typology code is the identifier of the Loanword Typology meaning. Sorting by LWT Code sorts the words thematically by semantic field.
This column shows the labels of the Loanword Typology meanings. By clicking on a meaning label, you get more information about the meaning, as well as a list of all words that are counterparts of that meaning.

There are five borrowed statuses, reflecting decreasing likelihood that the word is a loanword:

  1. clearly borrowed
  2. probably borrowed
  3. perhaps borrowed
  4. very little evidence for borrowing
  5. no evidence for borrowing
This is the time period during which the word is hypothesized to have come into the language as a loanword, or during which it is first attested, or for which it can be reconstructed.
This gives the usual written form for languages that do not use the Latin script.
For (possible) loanwords, this column shows the words in the source languages that served as models.
Word LWT Code Meaning Borrowed Status Original Script Source Words
[help] [help] [help] [help] [help] [help]
shi4jie4 1.1 the world 5. no evidence for borrowing 世界
tu3di4 1.21 the land 5. no evidence for borrowing 土地
lu4di4 1.21 the land 5. no evidence for borrowing 陆地
tu3rang3 1.212 the soil 5. no evidence for borrowing 土壤
tu3di4 1.212 the soil 5. no evidence for borrowing 土地
tu3 1.212 the soil 4. very little evidence for borrowing 土
hui1chen2 1.213 the dust 5. no evidence for borrowing 灰尘 (灰塵)
ni2 1.214 the mud 5. no evidence for borrowing 泥
ni2jiang1 1.214 the mud 5. no evidence for borrowing 泥浆
ni2nao 1.214 the mud 5. no evidence for borrowing 泥淖
ni2ning4 1.214 the mud 5. no evidence for borrowing 泥泞, 泥濘
sha1zi 1.215 the sand 5. no evidence for borrowing 沙子
sha1 (1) 1.215 the sand 5. no evidence for borrowing 沙
qiu1 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing 丘
shan1 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing 山
qiu1ling2 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing 丘岭
jiao1 (1) 1.222 the cliff or precipice 5. no evidence for borrowing 礁
jiao1shi2 1.222 the cliff or precipice 5. no evidence for borrowing 礁石
ping2yuan2 1.23 the plain 5. no evidence for borrowing 平原
ping2di4 1.23 the plain 5. no evidence for borrowing 平地
shan1gu3 1.24 the valley 5. no evidence for borrowing 山谷
dao3 1.25 the island 5. no evidence for borrowing 岛
da4lu4 1.26 the mainland 5. no evidence for borrowing 大陆
lu4di4 1.26 the mainland 5. no evidence for borrowing 陆地
hai3an4 1.27 the shore 5. no evidence for borrowing 海岸
hai3tan1 1.99901 the beach 5. no evidence for borrowing 海滩
an4 1.27 the shore 5. no evidence for borrowing 岸
shan1dong4 1.28 the cave 5. no evidence for borrowing 山洞
shui3 1.31 the water 5. no evidence for borrowing 水
hai3 1.32 the sea 5. no evidence for borrowing 海
pao4mo4 1.324 the foam 5. no evidence for borrowing 泡沫
pao4 1.324 the foam 5. no evidence for borrowing 泡
hai3yang2 1.329 the ocean 5. no evidence for borrowing 海洋
hu2 (2) 1.33 the lake 5. no evidence for borrowing 湖
hu2po1 1.33 the lake 5. no evidence for borrowing 湖泊
hai3wan1 1.34 the bay 5. no evidence for borrowing 海湾
wan1 (2) 1.34 the bay 5. no evidence for borrowing 湾, 灣
xie4 hu2 1.341 the lagoon 5. no evidence for borrowing 泻湖
jiao1 hu2 1.341 the lagoon 5. no evidence for borrowing 礁湖
jiao1shi2 1.342 the reef 5. no evidence for borrowing 礁石
hai3jiao3 1.343 the cape 5. no evidence for borrowing 海角
lang4 1.35 the wave 5. no evidence for borrowing 浪
bo1lang4 1.35 the wave 5. no evidence for borrowing 波浪
chao2 (2) 1.352 the tide 5. no evidence for borrowing 潮
chao2xi1 1.352 the tide 5. no evidence for borrowing 潮汐
di1chao2 1.353 the low tide 5. no evidence for borrowing 低潮
zhang4/3chao2 1.354 the high tide 5. no evidence for borrowing 涨潮
gao1chao2 1.354 the high tide 5. no evidence for borrowing 高潮
he2 (1) 1.36 the river or stream 4. very little evidence for borrowing 河
xi1 (3) 1.36 the river or stream 5. no evidence for borrowing 溪
chuan1 (2) 1.36 the river or stream 4. very little evidence for borrowing 川
Unidentifiable ( unidentified donor language )
xuan2/4 wo1 1.362 the whirlpool 5. no evidence for borrowing 漩涡
shui3wo1 1.362 the whirlpool 5. no evidence for borrowing 水涡
quan2 1.37 the spring or well 5. no evidence for borrowing 泉
quan2yuan2 1.37 the spring or well 5. no evidence for borrowing 泉源
quan2shui3 1.37 the spring or well 5. no evidence for borrowing 泉水
jing3 (2) 1.37 the spring or well 5. no evidence for borrowing 井
jing3 (2) 9.99925 the well 5. no evidence for borrowing 井
quan2 1.9991 the spring 5. no evidence for borrowing 泉
yuan2quan2 1.9991 the spring 5. no evidence for borrowing 源泉
zhao3ze2 1.38 the swamp 5. no evidence for borrowing 沼泽
pu4bu4 1.39 the waterfall 5. no evidence for borrowing 瀑布
sen1lin2 1.41 the woods or forest 5. no evidence for borrowing 森林
shu4lin2 1.41 the woods or forest 5. no evidence for borrowing 树林
mu4tou 1.43 the wood 5. no evidence for borrowing 木头
shi2tou 1.44 the stone or rock 5. no evidence for borrowing 石头
yan2shi2 1.44 the stone or rock 5. no evidence for borrowing 岩石
di4zhen4 1.45 the earthquake 5. no evidence for borrowing 地震
tian1kong1 1.51 the sky 5. no evidence for borrowing 天空
tai4yang 1.52 the sun 5. no evidence for borrowing 太阳, 太陽
yue4liang 1.53 the moon 5. no evidence for borrowing 月亮
xing1xing 1.54 the star 5. no evidence for borrowing 星星
shan3dian4 1.55 the lightning 5. no evidence for borrowing 闪电, 閃電
lei2 1.56 the thunder 5. no evidence for borrowing 雷
lei2dian4 1.57 the bolt of lightning 5. no evidence for borrowing 雷电
bao4feng1yu3 1.58 the storm 5. no evidence for borrowing 暴风雨
kuang2feng1 1.58 the storm 5. no evidence for borrowing 狂风
cai3 hong2 1.59 the rainbow 5. no evidence for borrowing 彩虹
guang1 1.61 the light 5. no evidence for borrowing 光
hei1an4 1.62 the darkness 5. no evidence for borrowing 黑暗
ying3zi 1.63 the shade or shadow 5. no evidence for borrowing 影子
lu4shui3 1.64 the dew 5. no evidence for borrowing 露水
kong1qi4 1.71 the air 5. no evidence for borrowing 空气
feng1 (1) 1.72 the wind 5. no evidence for borrowing 风
yun2 1.73 the cloud 5. no evidence for borrowing 云, 雲
yun2cai 1.73 the cloud 5. no evidence for borrowing 云彩, 雲彩
wu4 1.74 the fog 5. no evidence for borrowing 雾
yu3 (1) 1.75 the rain 5. no evidence for borrowing 雨
xue3 1.76 the snow 5. no evidence for borrowing 雪
bing1 1.77 the ice 5. no evidence for borrowing 冰
bei3ji2guang1 1.771 the arctic lights 5. no evidence for borrowing 北极光
dong4 1.775 to freeze 3. perhaps borrowed 冻, 凍
dong4bing1 1.775 to freeze 5. no evidence for borrowing 冻冰, 凍冰
bing1dong4 1.775 to freeze 5. no evidence for borrowing 冰冻
tian1qi4 1.78 the weather 5. no evidence for borrowing 天气, 天氣
huo3 1.81 the fire 5. no evidence for borrowing 火
huo3yan4 1.82 the flame 5. no evidence for borrowing 火焰
yan1 1.83 the smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing 烟, 煙
zheng1qi4 1.831 the steam 5. no evidence for borrowing 蒸汽
hui1 1.84 the ash 5. no evidence for borrowing 灰
hui1jin4 1.841 the embers 5. no evidence for borrowing 灰烬
shao1 1.851 to burn(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 烧
shao1diao 1.851 to burn(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 烧掉
zhao2huo3 1.852 to burn(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing 着火
dian3ran2 1.86 to light 5. no evidence for borrowing 点燃
pu1mie4 1.861 to extinguish 5. no evidence for borrowing 扑灭, 撲滅
xi1mie4 1.861 to extinguish 5. no evidence for borrowing 熄灭, 熄滅
huo3chai2 1.87 the match 5. no evidence for borrowing 火柴
chai2huo 1.88 the firewood 5. no evidence for borrowing 柴火
mu4tan4 1.89 the charcoal 5. no evidence for borrowing 木炭
ren2 2.1 the person 5. no evidence for borrowing 人
nan2ren2 2.21 the man 5. no evidence for borrowing 男人
fu4nü3 2.22 the woman 5. no evidence for borrowing 妇女, 婦女
nü3ren2 2.22 the woman 5. no evidence for borrowing 女人
nan2-(de) 2.23 male(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 男的
nan2xing4(de) 2.23 male(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 男性的
nü3-(de) 2.24 female(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 女的
nü3xing4(de) 2.24 female(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 女性的
nan2hai2 2.25 the boy 5. no evidence for borrowing 男孩
xiao3huo3zi 2.251 the young man 5. no evidence for borrowing 小伙子
nü3hai2 2.26 the girl 5. no evidence for borrowing 女孩
gu1niang 2.261 the young woman 5. no evidence for borrowing 姑娘
shao4nü3 2.261 the young woman 5. no evidence for borrowing 少女
hai2zi 2.27 the child(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 孩子
xiao3hai2 2.27 the child(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 小孩
er2tong2 2.27 the child(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 儿童
ying1er2 2.28 the baby 5. no evidence for borrowing 婴儿, 嬰兒
xiao3bao3bao 2.28 the baby 5. no evidence for borrowing 小宝宝
zhang4fu 2.31 the husband 5. no evidence for borrowing 丈夫
ai4ren2 2.31 the husband 5. no evidence for borrowing 爱人
tai4tai 2.32 the wife 5. no evidence for borrowing 太太
ai4ren2 2.32 the wife 5. no evidence for borrowing 爱人
qi1zi 2.32 the wife 5. no evidence for borrowing 妻子
jie2hun1 2.33 to marry 5. no evidence for borrowing 结婚, 結婚
hun1yin1 2.34 the wedding 5. no evidence for borrowing 婚姻
hun1li3 2.34 the wedding 5. no evidence for borrowing 婚礼, 婚禮
li2hun1 2.341 the divorce 5. no evidence for borrowing 离婚
ba4ba 2.35 the father 3. perhaps borrowed 爸爸
fu4qin 2.35 the father 5. no evidence for borrowing 父亲, 父親
ma1ma 2.36 the mother 5. no evidence for borrowing 妈妈
mu3qin 2.36 the mother 5. no evidence for borrowing 母亲, 母親
fu4mu3 2.37 the parents 5. no evidence for borrowing 父母
xi2fu4(r) 2.39 the married woman 5. no evidence for borrowing 媳妇, 媳婦
er2zi 2.41 the son 5. no evidence for borrowing 儿子, 兒子
nü3er 2.42 the daughter 5. no evidence for borrowing 女儿, 女兒
hai2zi 2.43 the child(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing 孩子
xiao3hai2(r) 2.43 the child(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing 小孩
xiong1di4 2.44 the brother 5. no evidence for borrowing 兄弟
ge1ge 2.444 the older brother 5. no evidence for borrowing 哥哥
akan/abkan; ?; age ( Tabgač , uncertain)
di4di 2.445 the younger brother 5. no evidence for borrowing 弟弟
jie3mei4 2.45 the sister 5. no evidence for borrowing 姐妹
jie3jie 2.454 the older sister 5. no evidence for borrowing 姐姐
mei4mei 2.455 the younger sister 5. no evidence for borrowing 妹妹
tong2bao1 2.456 the sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing 同胞
xiong1di4jie3mei4 2.456 the sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing 兄弟姐妹
shuang1sheng1zi3 2.458 the twins 5. no evidence for borrowing 双生子, 雙生子
shuang1bao1tai1 2.458 the twins 5. no evidence for borrowing 双胞胎
zu3fu4 2.46 the grandfather 5. no evidence for borrowing 祖父
ye2ye 2.46 the grandfather 5. no evidence for borrowing 爷爷
wai4gong1 2.46 the grandfather 5. no evidence for borrowing 外公
wai4zu3fu4 2.46 the grandfather 5. no evidence for borrowing 外祖父
lao3ren2 2.461 the old man 5. no evidence for borrowing 老人
lao3tou2r 2.461 the old man 5. no evidence for borrowing 老头(兒)
zu3mu3 2.47 the grandmother 5. no evidence for borrowing 祖母
nai3nai 2.47 the grandmother 5. no evidence for borrowing 奶奶
wai4po2 2.47 the grandmother 5. no evidence for borrowing 外婆
wai4zu3mu3 2.47 the grandmother 5. no evidence for borrowing 外祖母
lao3 po2po 2.471 the old woman 5. no evidence for borrowing 老婆婆
sun1zi 2.48 the grandson 5. no evidence for borrowing 孙子, 孫子
wai4sun1 2.48 the grandson 5. no evidence for borrowing 外孙, 外孫
sun1nü3 2.49 the granddaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing 孙女
wai4sun1nü3 2.49 the granddaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing 外孙女
gu1fu 2.51 the uncle 5. no evidence for borrowing 姑夫 also 姑父
yi2fu 2.51 the uncle 5. no evidence for borrowing 姨夫
jiu4jiu 2.511 the mother's brother 5. no evidence for borrowing 舅舅
jiu4fu4 2.511 the mother's brother 5. no evidence for borrowing 舅父
bo2fu4 2.512 the father's brother 5. no evidence for borrowing 伯父
bo2bo 2.512 the father's brother 5. no evidence for borrowing 伯伯
shu1fu4 2.512 the father's brother 5. no evidence for borrowing 叔父
shu1shu 2.512 the father's brother 5. no evidence for borrowing 叔叔
shu1mu 2.52 the aunt 5. no evidence for borrowing 叔母
shen3zi 2.52 the aunt 5. no evidence for borrowing 婶子
bo2mu3 2.52 the aunt 5. no evidence for borrowing 伯母
jiu4mu3 2.52 the aunt 5. no evidence for borrowing 舅母
a1yi2 2.521 the mother's sister 5. no evidence for borrowing 阿姨
yi2mu3 2.521 the mother's sister 5. no evidence for borrowing 姨母
gu1mu3 2.522 the father's sister 5. no evidence for borrowing 姑母
gu1gu 2.522 the father's sister 5. no evidence for borrowing 姑姑
zhi2zi 2.53 the nephew 5. no evidence for borrowing 侄子, 姪子
wai4sheng 2.53 the nephew 5. no evidence for borrowing 外甥
zhi2nü3 2.54 the niece 5. no evidence for borrowing 侄女, 姪女
wai4sheng1nü3 2.54 the niece 5. no evidence for borrowing 外甥女
tang2ge1 2.55 the cousin 5. no evidence for borrowing 堂哥
tang2di4 2.55 the cousin 5. no evidence for borrowing 堂弟
tang2jie3 2.55 the cousin 5. no evidence for borrowing 堂姐
tang2mei4 2.55 the cousin 5. no evidence for borrowing 堂妹
biao3ge1 2.55 the cousin 5. no evidence for borrowing 表哥
biao3di4 2.55 the cousin 5. no evidence for borrowing 表弟
biao3jie3 2.55 the cousin 5. no evidence for borrowing 表姐
biao3mei4 2.55 the cousin 5. no evidence for borrowing 表妹
zu3xian1 2.56 the ancestors 5. no evidence for borrowing 祖先
zi3sun1 2.57 the descendants 5. no evidence for borrowing 子孙, 子孫
hou4dai4 2.57 the descendants 5. no evidence for borrowing 后代
yue4fu4 2.61 the father-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing 岳父
gong1gong 2.611 the father-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing 公公
yue4mu3 2.62 the mother-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing 岳母
po2po 2.621 the mother-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing 婆婆
nü3xu 2.63 the son-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing 女婿
nü3xu 2.631 the son-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing 女婿
er2xi2fu(r) 2.64 the daughter-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing 儿媳妇儿
xi2fu4 2.64 the daughter-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing 媳妇
xi2fu 2.641 the daughter-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing 媳妇, 媳婦
er2xi2fu(r) 2.641 the daughter-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing 儿媳妇儿
ji4fu4 2.71 the stepfather 5. no evidence for borrowing 继父, 繼父
ji4mu3 2.72 the stepmother 5. no evidence for borrowing 继母, 繼母
ji4zi3 2.73 the stepson 5. no evidence for borrowing 继子, 繼子
ji4nü3 (1) 2.74 the stepdaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing 继女, 繼女
gu1er2 2.75 the orphan 5. no evidence for borrowing 孤儿
gua3fu4 2.76 the widow 5. no evidence for borrowing 寡妇
guan1fu1 2.77 the widower 5. no evidence for borrowing 鳏夫
qin1qi1 2.81 the relatives 5. no evidence for borrowing 亲戚, 親戚
jia1 (1) 2.82 the family 5. no evidence for borrowing 家
jia1ting2 2.82 the family 5. no evidence for borrowing 家庭
wo3 2.91 I 5. no evidence for borrowing 我
ni3 2.92 you (singular) 5. no evidence for borrowing 你
nin2 2.92 you (singular) 5. no evidence for borrowing 您
ta1 2.93 he/she/it 5. no evidence for borrowing 他，她，它
ta1 2.931 he 5. no evidence for borrowing 他
ta1 2.932 she 5. no evidence for borrowing 她
ta1 2.933 it 5. no evidence for borrowing 它
wo3men 2.94 we 5. no evidence for borrowing 我们,我們
zan2men 2.941 we (inclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing 咱们,咱們
wo3men 2.942 we (exclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing 我们,我們
ni3men 2.95 you (plural) 5. no evidence for borrowing 你们
nin2men 2.95 you (plural) 5. no evidence for borrowing 您们
ta1men 2.96 they 5. no evidence for borrowing 他门，她们，它门
dong4wu4 3.11 the animal 5. no evidence for borrowing 动物, 動物
gong1- 3.12 male(2) 3. perhaps borrowed 公
xiong2- 3.12 male(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing 雄
mu3 (2) 3.12 male(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing 牡
mu3 (1) 3.13 female(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing 母
pin4 3.13 female(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing 牝
ci2 (2) 3.13 female(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing 雌
sheng1chu4 3.15 the livestock 5. no evidence for borrowing 牲畜
sheng1kou 3.15 the livestock 5. no evidence for borrowing 牲口
jia1chu4 3.15 the livestock 5. no evidence for borrowing 家畜
jia1qin2 3.15 the livestock 5. no evidence for borrowing 家禽
cao3di4 3.16 the pasture 5. no evidence for borrowing 草地
mu4chang3 3.16 the pasture 5. no evidence for borrowing 牧场
mu4ren2 3.18 the herdsman 5. no evidence for borrowing 牧人
peng2 3.19 the stable or stall 5. no evidence for borrowing 棚
juan4 3.19 the stable or stall 5. no evidence for borrowing 圈
jiu4 (2) 3.19 the stable or stall 5. no evidence for borrowing 厩
niu2 3.2 the cattle 3. perhaps borrowed 牛
gong1niu2 3.21 the bull 5. no evidence for borrowing 公牛
gu3niu2 3.21 the bull 5. no evidence for borrowing 牯牛
jian1niu2 3.22 the ox 5. no evidence for borrowing 犍牛
mu3niu2 3.23 the cow 5. no evidence for borrowing 母牛
niu2du2 3.24 the calf 5. no evidence for borrowing 牛犊
xiao3niu2 3.24 the calf 5. no evidence for borrowing 小牛
mian2yang2 3.25 the sheep 5. no evidence for borrowing 绵羊, 綿羊
yang2 3.25 the sheep 5. no evidence for borrowing 羊
gong1yang2 3.26 the ram 5. no evidence for borrowing 公羊
gong1mian2yang2 3.26 the ram 5. no evidence for borrowing 公绵羊
mu3mian2yang2 3.28 the ewe 5. no evidence for borrowing 母绵羊
mu3yang2 3.28 the ewe 5. no evidence for borrowing 母羊
yang2gao1 3.29 the lamb 5. no evidence for borrowing 羊羔
xiao3yang2 3.29 the lamb 5. no evidence for borrowing 小羊
gao1yang2 3.29 the lamb 5. no evidence for borrowing 羔羊
ye3zhu1 3.32 the boar 5. no evidence for borrowing 野猪
mu3zhu1 3.34 the sow 5. no evidence for borrowing 母猪, 母豬
zhu1 3.35 the pig 5. no evidence for borrowing 猪, 豬
yang2 3.36 the goat 5. no evidence for borrowing 羊
shan1yang2 3.36 the goat 5. no evidence for borrowing 山羊
mu3shan1yang2 3.36 the goat 5. no evidence for borrowing 母山羊
gong1shan1yang2 3.37 the he-goat 5. no evidence for borrowing 公山羊
gao1yang2 3.38 the kid 5. no evidence for borrowing 羔羊
ma3 3.41 the horse 2. probably borrowed 马
? > morin (Manchu, Mongolian) ( unidentified donor language , uncertain)
< Unidentifiable ( Indo-European , uncertain)
mu3ma3 3.42 the stallion 5. no evidence for borrowing 牡马, 牡馬
zhong3ma3 3.42 the stallion 5. no evidence for borrowing 种马
gong1ma3 3.42 the stallion 5. no evidence for borrowing 公马
mu3ma3 3.44 the mare 5. no evidence for borrowing 母马, 母馬
ju1(zi) 3.45 the foal or colt 5. no evidence for borrowing 驹子, 駒子
xiao3ma3 3.45 the foal or colt 5. no evidence for borrowing 小马
lü2 3.46 the donkey 5. no evidence for borrowing 驴, 驢
lü2zi 3.46 the donkey 5. no evidence for borrowing 驴子
luo2zi 3.47 the mule 5. no evidence for borrowing 骡子, 騾子
luo2 3.47 the mule 4. very little evidence for borrowing 骡, 騾, 驘
jia1qin2 3.5 the fowl 5. no evidence for borrowing 家禽
xiong2ji1 3.52 the cock/rooster 5. no evidence for borrowing 雄鸡, 雄雞
gong1ji 3.52 the cock/rooster 5. no evidence for borrowing 公鸡
ji1 3.54 the hen 2. probably borrowed 鸡, 雞
Unidentifiable ( unidentified donor language )
mu3ji1 3.54 the hen 5. no evidence for borrowing 母鸡, 母雞
ci2qin2 3.54 the hen 5. no evidence for borrowing 雌禽
ji1 3.55 the chicken 2. probably borrowed 鸡, 雞
Unidentifiable ( unidentified donor language )
e2 3.56 the goose 5. no evidence for borrowing 鹅
ya1 (1) 3.57 the duck 5. no evidence for borrowing 鸭, 鴨
wo1 3.58 the nest 5. no evidence for borrowing 窝
chao2 (1) 3.58 the nest 4. very little evidence for borrowing 巢
niao3 3.581 the bird 5. no evidence for borrowing 鸟, 鳥
hai3ou1 3.582 the seagull 5. no evidence for borrowing 海鸥
cang1lu4 3.583 the heron 5. no evidence for borrowing 蒼鷺
lu4si1 3.583 the heron 5. no evidence for borrowing 鹭鸶, 鷺鷥
lao3ying2 3.584 the eagle 5. no evidence for borrowing 老鷹
sun3 3.585 the hawk 5. no evidence for borrowing 隼
ying2 3.585 the hawk 5. no evidence for borrowing 鷹
cang1ying2 3.585 the hawk 5. no evidence for borrowing 蒼鷹
lao3ying2 3.585 the hawk 5. no evidence for borrowing 老鷹
shi2que4ying2 3.585 the hawk 5. no evidence for borrowing 食雀鷹
jiu4 (4) 3.586 the vulture 5. no evidence for borrowing 鷲
bian1fu2 3.591 the bat 5. no evidence for borrowing 蝙蝠, 蝙蝠
Ying1wu3 3.592 the parrot 5. no evidence for borrowing 鸚鹉, 鸚鵡
wu1ya1 3.593 the crow 5. no evidence for borrowing 烏鴉
ge1zi 3.594 the dove 5. no evidence for borrowing 鸽子
mao1tou2ying1 3.596 the owl 5. no evidence for borrowing 猫头鹰
lu2ci2 3.597 the cormorant 5. no evidence for borrowing 鸬鹚, 鸕鶿
shui3lao3ya 3.597 the cormorant 5. no evidence for borrowing 水老鸦
ju4zui3niao3 3.598 the toucan 5. no evidence for borrowing 巨嘴鸟
gou3 3.61 the dog 2. probably borrowed 狗
tu4zi 3.614 the rabbit 5. no evidence for borrowing 兔子
mao1 3.62 the cat 5. no evidence for borrowing 猫, 貓
fu4zi3dai4shu3 3.622 the opossum 5. no evidence for borrowing 负子袋鼠
lao3shu3 3.63 the mouse or rat 5. no evidence for borrowing 老鼠
shu3 (3) 3.63 the mouse or rat 4. very little evidence for borrowing 鼠
yu2 3.65 the fish 5. no evidence for borrowing 鱼, 魚
bei4qi2 3.652 the fin 5. no evidence for borrowing 背鳍
yu2qi2 3.652 the fin 5. no evidence for borrowing 鱼鳍, 魚鰭
yu2lin2 3.653 the scale 5. no evidence for borrowing 鱼鳞, 魚鱗
sai1 3.654 the gill 5. no evidence for borrowing 鳃, 鰓
bei4ke2 3.655 the shell 5. no evidence for borrowing 贝壳, 貝克
sha1yu2 3.661 the shark 4. very little evidence for borrowing 鲨鱼
hai3tun2 3.662 the porpoise or dolphin 5. no evidence for borrowing 海豚
jing1yu2 3.663 the whale 5. no evidence for borrowing 鲸鱼, 鯨魚
hong1 3.664 the stingray 5. no evidence for borrowing 魟
huang2shan4 3.665 the freshwater eel 5. no evidence for borrowing 黄鳝
man2yu2 3.665 the freshwater eel 5. no evidence for borrowing 鳗鱼
lang2 3.71 the wolf 5. no evidence for borrowing 狼
shi1zi (1) 3.72 the lion 1. clearly borrowed 狮子
xiong2 3.73 the bear 5. no evidence for borrowing 熊
hu2li 3.74 the fox 5. no evidence for borrowing 狐狸
lu4 3.75 the deer 5. no evidence for borrowing 鹿
hou2zi 3.76 the monkey 5. no evidence for borrowing 猴子
yuan2hou2 3.76 the monkey 5. no evidence for borrowing 猿猴
xiang4 3.77 the elephant 3. perhaps borrowed 象
Unidentifiable ( unidentified donor language )
da4xiang4 3.77 the elephant 5. no evidence for borrowing 大象
luo4tuo 3.78 the camel 1. clearly borrowed 骆驼
kun1chong2 3.81 the insect 5. no evidence for borrowing 昆虫, 昆蟲
shi1zi (2) 3.811 the head louse 5. no evidence for borrowing 虱子
tou2shi1 3.811 the head louse 5. no evidence for borrowing 头虱, 頭虱, 頭蝨
ti3shi1 3.8112 the body louse 5. no evidence for borrowing 体虱, 體蝨
shi1luan 3 3.812 the nit 5. no evidence for borrowing 虱卵
tiao4zao3 3.813 the flea 5. no evidence for borrowing 跳蚤
wu2gong1 3.814 the centipede 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜈蚣
ma3lu4 (2) 3.814 the centipede 5. no evidence for borrowing 马陆
xie1zi 3.815 the scorpion 5. no evidence for borrowing 蝎子, 蠍子
zhang1lang2 3.816 the cockroach 5. no evidence for borrowing 蟑螂
fei3lian2 3.816 the cockroach 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜚蠊
ma3yi3 3.817 the ant 5. no evidence for borrowing 螞蟻
zhi1zhu1 3.818 the spider 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜘蛛, 鼅鼄
zhi1zhu1wang3 3.819 the spider web 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜘蛛网, 蜘蛛網
mi4feng1 3.82 the bee 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜜蜂
feng1la4 3.821 the beeswax 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜂蜡, 蜂臘
mi4la4 3.821 the beeswax 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜜蜡, 蜜蠟
feng1wo1 3.822 the beehive 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜂窝
feng1chao2 3.822 the beehive 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜂巢
huang2feng1 3.823 the wasp 5. no evidence for borrowing 黃蜂
cang1ying 3.83 the fly 5. no evidence for borrowing 蒼蠅
wen2zi 3.832 the mosquito 5. no evidence for borrowing 蚊子
xia1 3.833 the prawns or shrimp 5. no evidence for borrowing 虾,
bai2yi3 3.834 the termites 5. no evidence for borrowing 白蚁
bian3shi1 3.835 the tick 5. no evidence for borrowing 扁蝨
pi2 (2) 3.835 the tick 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜱
qiu1yin3 3.84 the worm 5. no evidence for borrowing 蚯蚓
she2 3.85 the snake 5. no evidence for borrowing 蛇
tu4zi 3.863 the hare 5. no evidence for borrowing 兔子
jia1tu4 3.863 the hare 5. no evidence for borrowing 家兔
an1chun2 3.865 the quail 5. no evidence for borrowing 鹌鹑, 鵪鶉,
huan4xiong2 3.866 the raccoon 5. no evidence for borrowing 浣熊
song1shu3 3.869 the squirrel 5. no evidence for borrowing 松鼠
xun4lu4 3.871 the reindeer/caribou 5. no evidence for borrowing 驯鹿,馴鹿
si4bu4xiang4 3.872 the elk/moose 5. no evidence for borrowing 四不像
mi4lu4 3.872 the elk/moose 5. no evidence for borrowing 麋鹿
da4jiao3lu4 3.872 the elk/moose 5. no evidence for borrowing 大角鹿
hai3li2 3.873 the beaver 5. no evidence for borrowing 海狸, 海貍
dai4shu3 3.88 the kangaroo 5. no evidence for borrowing 袋鼠
chuan1shan1jia3 3.89 the anteater 5. no evidence for borrowing 穿山甲
bao4zi 3.9 the jaguar 5. no evidence for borrowing 豹子
ying2huo3chong2 3.91 the firefly 5. no evidence for borrowing 萤火虫, 螢火蟲
bian4se4xi1yi4 3.913 the chameleon 5. no evidence for borrowing 变色蜥蜴, 變色蜥蜴
bian4se4long2 3.913 the chameleon 5. no evidence for borrowing 变色龙
shui3niu2 3.917 the buffalo 5. no evidence for borrowing 水牛
ye3niu2 3.917 the buffalo 5. no evidence for borrowing 野牛
hu2die2 3.92 the butterfly 5. no evidence for borrowing 蝴蝶
huang2chong2 3.93 the grasshopper 5. no evidence for borrowing 蝗蟲
wo1niu2 3.94 the snail 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜗牛
qing1wa1 3.95 the frog 5. no evidence for borrowing 青蛙
xi1yi4 3.96 the lizard 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜥蜴
e4yu2 3.97 the crocodile or alligator 5. no evidence for borrowing 鳄鱼, 鱷魚
gui1 3.98 the turtle 4. very little evidence for borrowing 龟, 龜
mo4 (2) 3.99 the tapir 4. very little evidence for borrowing 貘
shen1ti3 4.11 the body 5. no evidence for borrowing 身体
ren2ti3 4.11 the body 5. no evidence for borrowing 人体
pi2fu1 4.12 the skin or hide 5. no evidence for borrowing 皮肤, 皮膚
pi2 (3) 4.12 the skin or hide 5. no evidence for borrowing 皮
rou4 4.13 the flesh 5. no evidence for borrowing 肉
tou2fa 4.14 the hair 5. no evidence for borrowing 头发, 頭髮
hu2zi 4.142 the beard 5. no evidence for borrowing 胡子, 鬍子
mao2 (1) 4.144 the body hair 5. no evidence for borrowing 毛
yin1mao2 4.145 the pubic hair 5. no evidence for borrowing 阴毛, 陰毛
tou2pi2xie4 4.146 the dandruff 5. no evidence for borrowing 头皮屑, 頭皮屑
xie3/xue4 4.15 the blood 5. no evidence for borrowing 血
xue4guan3 4.151 the vein or artery 5. no evidence for borrowing 血管
dong4mai4 4.151 the vein or artery 5. no evidence for borrowing 动脉,動脈
jing4mai4 4.151 the vein or artery 5. no evidence for borrowing 静脉
gu3tou 4.16 the bone 5. no evidence for borrowing 骨头
lei4gu3 4.162 the rib 5. no evidence for borrowing 肋骨
jiao3 (2) 4.17 the horn 5. no evidence for borrowing 角
wei3ba 4.18 the tail 5. no evidence for borrowing 尾巴
wei3 4.18 the tail 5. no evidence for borrowing 尾
bei4 4.19 the back 5. no evidence for borrowing 背
ji3bei4 4.19 the back 5. no evidence for borrowing 脊背
ji3liang2gu3 4.191 the spine 5. no evidence for borrowing 脊梁骨
ji3zhu4 4.191 the spine 5. no evidence for borrowing 脊柱
tou2 4.2 the head 4. very little evidence for borrowing 头, 頭
tai4yang2xue2 4.201 the temples 5. no evidence for borrowing 太阳穴, 太陽穴
bin4jiao3 4.201 the temples 5. no evidence for borrowing 鬓角
lu2gu3 4.202 the skull 5. no evidence for borrowing 颅骨, 顱骨
tou2gai4gu3 4.202 the skull 5. no evidence for borrowing 头盖骨
tian1ling2gai4 4.202 the skull 5. no evidence for borrowing 天灵盖
nao3 4.203 the brain 5. no evidence for borrowing 脑, 腦
nao3zi 4.203 the brain 5. no evidence for borrowing 脑子
nao3jin1 4.203 the brain 5. no evidence for borrowing 脑筋
tou2nao3 4.203 the brain 5. no evidence for borrowing 头脑
da4nao3 4.203 the brain 5. no evidence for borrowing 大脑
lian3 4.204 the face 5. no evidence for borrowing 脸, 臉
e2 4.205 the forehead 5. no evidence for borrowing 额, 額
qian2e2 4.205 the forehead 5. no evidence for borrowing 前额
e4(gu3) 4.207 the jaw 5. no evidence for borrowing 颚骨, 顎骨
sai1bang1zi 4.208 the cheek 5. no evidence for borrowing 腮帮子
jia2 4.208 the cheek 5. no evidence for borrowing 颊, 頰
han4 4.209 the chin 4. very little evidence for borrowing 颔,頷
xia4ba 4.209 the chin 5. no evidence for borrowing 下巴
yan3jing 4.21 the eye 5. no evidence for borrowing 眼睛
yan3mei2 4.212 the eyebrow 5. no evidence for borrowing 眼眉
mei2mao 4.212 the eyebrow 5. no evidence for borrowing 眉毛
yan3pi2 4.213 the eyelid 5. no evidence for borrowing 眼皮
jie2mao2 4.214 the eyelash 5. no evidence for borrowing 睫毛
zha3ba 4.215 to blink 5. no evidence for borrowing 眨巴
zha3yan3 4.215 to blink 5. no evidence for borrowing 眨眼
er3duo 4.22 the ear 5. no evidence for borrowing 耳朵
er3chui2 4.221 the earlobe 5. no evidence for borrowing 耳垂
er3shi3 4.222 the earwax 5. no evidence for borrowing 耳屎
bi2zi 4.23 the nose 5. no evidence for borrowing 鼻子
bi2kong3 4.231 the nostril 5. no evidence for borrowing 鼻孔
bi2ti4 4.232 the nasal mucus 5. no evidence for borrowing 鼻涕
zui3 4.24 the mouth 5. no evidence for borrowing 嘴
kou3 4.24 the mouth 5. no evidence for borrowing 口
niao3zui3 4.241 the beak 5. no evidence for borrowing 鸟嘴, 鳥嘴
niao3hui4 4.241 the beak 5. no evidence for borrowing 鸟喙
zui3chun2 4.25 the lip 5. no evidence for borrowing 嘴唇
she2tou 4.26 the tongue 5. no evidence for borrowing 舌头, 舌頭
ya2chi3 4.27 the tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing 牙齿, 牙齒
ya2 4.27 the tooth 3. perhaps borrowed 牙
ya2yin2 4.271 the gums 5. no evidence for borrowing 牙龈, 牙齦
jiu4chi3 4.272 the molar tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing 臼齿, 臼齒
jing3 (1) 4.28 the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing 颈, 頸
bo2zi 4.28 the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing 脖子
jing3xiang4 4.281 the nape of the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing 颈项, 頸項
jing3bei4 4.281 the nape of the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing 颈背
hou4bo2zi 4.281 the nape of the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing 后脖子, 後脖子
yan1hou2 4.29 the throat 5. no evidence for borrowing 咽喉
hou2 4.29 the throat 5. no evidence for borrowing 喉
hou2long2 4.29 the throat 5. no evidence for borrowing 喉咙, 喉嚨
jian2bang3 4.3 the shoulder 5. no evidence for borrowing 肩膀
bo2gu3 4.301 the shoulderblade 5. no evidence for borrowing 膊骨
jian1jia3gu3 4.301 the shoulderblade 5. no evidence for borrowing 肩胛骨
suo3gu3 4.302 the collarbone 5. no evidence for borrowing 锁骨, 鎖骨
ge1bo 4.31 the arm 5. no evidence for borrowing 胳膊
ge1bei 4.31 the arm 5. no evidence for borrowing 胳臂
ge2zhiwo1r 4.312 the armpit 5. no evidence for borrowing 胳肢窝儿
ye4 4.312 the armpit 5. no evidence for borrowing 腋
zhou3 4.32 the elbow 5. no evidence for borrowing 肘
ge1bo zhou3r 4.32 the elbow 5. no evidence for borrowing 胳膊肘儿, 胳膊肘兒
shou3wan2zi 4.321 the wrist 5. no evidence for borrowing 手腕子
shou3 4.33 the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing 手
shou3zhang3 4.331 the palm of the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing 手掌
< pani ( Sanskrit )
shou3zhi3 4.34 the finger 5. no evidence for borrowing 手指
mu3zhi3 4.342 the thumb 5. no evidence for borrowing 拇指
zhi3jia1 4.344 the fingernail 5. no evidence for borrowing 指甲
li4zhua3 4.345 the claw 5. no evidence for borrowing 利爪
zhua3 4.345 the claw 3. perhaps borrowed 爪
zhua3zi 4.345 the claw 5. no evidence for borrowing 爪子
tui3 4.35 the leg 3. perhaps borrowed 腿
da4tui3 4.351 the thigh 5. no evidence for borrowing 大腿
tui3du4zi 4.352 the calf of the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing 腿肚子, 腿肚子
xi1 (1) 4.36 the knee 5. no evidence for borrowing 膝
xi1gai4 4.36 the knee 5. no evidence for borrowing 膝盖, 膝蓋
jiao3 (3) 4.37 the foot 5. no evidence for borrowing 脚, 腳
jiao3wan4zi 4.371 the ankle 5. no evidence for borrowing 脚腕子
jiao3gen1 4.372 the heel 5. no evidence for borrowing 脚跟
zu2yin4 4.374 the footprint 5. no evidence for borrowing 足印
jiao3yin4 4.374 the footprint 5. no evidence for borrowing 脚印
zu2ji4 4.374 the footprint 5. no evidence for borrowing 足迹
jiao3zhi3 4.38 the toe 5. no evidence for borrowing 脚趾, 腳趾
chi4bang3 4.392 the wing 5. no evidence for borrowing 翅膀
yu3mao2 4.393 the feather 5. no evidence for borrowing 羽毛
xiong1pu 4.4 the chest 5. no evidence for borrowing 胸脯
xiong1pu2 4.4 the chest 5. no evidence for borrowing 胸脯
xiong1bu4 4.4 the chest 5. no evidence for borrowing 胸部
ru3fang2 4.41 the breast 5. no evidence for borrowing 乳房
nai3tou2 4.412 the nipple or teat 5. no evidence for borrowing 奶头, 奶頭
ru3tou2 4.412 the nipple or teat 5. no evidence for borrowing 乳头
ru3fang2 4.42 the udder 5. no evidence for borrowing 乳房
qi2 (1) 4.43 the navel 5. no evidence for borrowing 脐, 臍
du4zi 4.431 the belly 5. no evidence for borrowing 肚子
fu4 (1) 4.431 the belly 5. no evidence for borrowing 腹
xin1 (1) 4.44 the heart 5. no evidence for borrowing 心
xin1zang4 4.44 the heart 5. no evidence for borrowing 心脏
fei4 4.441 the lung 5. no evidence for borrowing 肺
fei4zang4 4.441 the lung 5. no evidence for borrowing 肺脏
gan1 (1) 4.45 the liver 5. no evidence for borrowing 肝
gan1zang4 4.45 the liver 5. no evidence for borrowing 肝脏
yao1zi 4.451 the kidney 5. no evidence for borrowing 腰子
shen4 4.451 the kidney 5. no evidence for borrowing 肾, 腎
shen4zang4 4.451 the kidney 5. no evidence for borrowing 肾脏
pi2 (1) 4.452 the spleen 5. no evidence for borrowing 脾
pi2zang4 4.452 the spleen 5. no evidence for borrowing 脾脏, 脾臟
wei4 4.46 the stomach 5. no evidence for borrowing 胃
chang2zi 4.461 the intestines or guts 5. no evidence for borrowing 肠子, 腸子
zang4fu3 4.461 the intestines or guts 5. no evidence for borrowing 脏腑
zang4qi4 4.461 the intestines or guts 5. no evidence for borrowing 脏器
zang4 4.461 the intestines or guts 5. no evidence for borrowing 脏,
yao1 4.462 the waist 5. no evidence for borrowing 腰
kuan1 (1) 4.463 the hip 5. no evidence for borrowing 髋, 髖
tun2bu4 4.463 the hip 5. no evidence for borrowing 臀部
yao1 4.463 the hip 5. no evidence for borrowing 腰
pi4gu (3) 4.464 the buttocks 5. no evidence for borrowing 屁股
jian4 (1) 4.465 the sinew or tendon 5. no evidence for borrowing 腱
zi3gong1 4.47 the womb 5. no evidence for borrowing 子宫
tai1 4.47 the womb 5. no evidence for borrowing 胎
gao1wan2 4.49 the testicles 5. no evidence for borrowing 睾丸
yin1jing4 4.492 the penis 5. no evidence for borrowing 阴茎
yin1hu4 4.493 the vagina 5. no evidence for borrowing 阴户
yin1dao4 4.493 the vagina 5. no evidence for borrowing 阴道
yin1men2 4.494 the vulva 5. no evidence for borrowing 阴门
nü3yin1 4.494 the vulva 5. no evidence for borrowing 女阴
hu1xi1 4.51 to breathe 5. no evidence for borrowing 呼吸
he1qian4 4.52 to yawn 5. no evidence for borrowing 呵欠
da3ge2r 4.521 to hiccough 5. no evidence for borrowing 打嗝（儿）
ke2sou 4.53 to cough 5. no evidence for borrowing 咳嗽
da3pen1ti4 4.54 to sneeze 5. no evidence for borrowing 打喷嚏, 打噴嚏
fa1han4 4.55 to perspire 5. no evidence for borrowing 发汗, 發汗
chu1han4 4.55 to perspire 5. no evidence for borrowing 出汗
tu4 ; tu3 4.56 to spit 5. no evidence for borrowing 吐
tu3tan2 4.56 to spit 5. no evidence for borrowing 吐痰
tu3tuo4mo 4.56 to spit 5. no evidence for borrowing 吐唾沫
ou3tu4 4.57 to vomit 5. no evidence for borrowing 呕吐, 嘔吐
yao3 4.58 to bite 5. no evidence for borrowing 咬
tian3 4.59 to lick 5. no evidence for borrowing 舔
liu2kou3shui3 4.591 to dribble 5. no evidence for borrowing 流口水
shui4jiao4 4.61 to sleep 5. no evidence for borrowing 睡觉, 睡覺
da3han1 4.612 to snore 5. no evidence for borrowing 打鼾
da3hu1lu 4.612 to snore 5. no evidence for borrowing 打呼噜
zuo4meng4 4.62 to dream 5. no evidence for borrowing 做梦
shui4xing3 4.63 to wake up 5. no evidence for borrowing 睡醒
xing3lai2 4.63 to wake up 5. no evidence for borrowing 醒来
fang4pi4 4.64 to fart 5. no evidence for borrowing 放屁
xiao3bian4 4.65 to piss 5. no evidence for borrowing 小便
da4bian4 4.66 to shit 5. no evidence for borrowing 大便
zuo4ai4 4.67 to have sex 5. no evidence for borrowing
chan4dong4 4.68 to shiver 5. no evidence for borrowing 颤动, 顫動
chan4dou3 4.68 to shiver 5. no evidence for borrowing 颤抖
fa1chan4 4.68 to shiver 5. no evidence for borrowing 发颤
xi3zao3 4.69 to bathe 5. no evidence for borrowing 洗澡
sheng1zhi2 4.71 to beget 5. no evidence for borrowing 生殖
sheng1lai2 4.72 to be born 5. no evidence for borrowing 生来, 生來
chu1sheng1 4.72 to be born 5. no evidence for borrowing 出生
huai2yun4 4.73 pregnant 5. no evidence for borrowing 怀孕, 懷孕
huai2tai1 4.73 pregnant 5. no evidence for borrowing 怀胎, 懷胎
you3tai1 4.73 pregnant 5. no evidence for borrowing 有胎, 有胎
shou4yun4 4.732 to conceive 5. no evidence for borrowing 受孕
sheng1huo2 4.74 to be alive 5. no evidence for borrowing 生活
huo2(de) 4.74 to be alive 5. no evidence for borrowing 活(的)
huo2sheng1sheng1 4.74 to be alive 5. no evidence for borrowing 活生生
sheng1huo2 4.741 the life 5. no evidence for borrowing
si3wang2 4.75 to die 5. no evidence for borrowing 死亡
si3 4.75 to die 5. no evidence for borrowing 死
si3de 4.7501 dead 5. no evidence for borrowing 死的
yan1si3 4.751 to drown 5. no evidence for borrowing 淹死
sha1diao4 4.76 to kill 5. no evidence for borrowing 杀掉, 殺掉
sha1 (2) 4.76 to kill 5. no evidence for borrowing 杀, 殺
shi1ti3 4.77 the corpse 5. no evidence for borrowing 尸体, 屍體
chu4ti3 4.771 the carcass 5. no evidence for borrowing 畜体
mai2zang4 4.78 to bury 5. no evidence for borrowing 埋葬, 埋葬
fen2mu4 4.79 the grave 5. no evidence for borrowing 坟墓, 墳墓
fen2 4.79 the grave 5. no evidence for borrowing 坟
mu4 4.79 the grave 5. no evidence for borrowing 墓
qiang2 4.81 strong 5. no evidence for borrowing 强
ruo4 4.82 weak 5. no evidence for borrowing 弱
shuai1ruo4 4.82 weak 5. no evidence for borrowing 衰弱
xu1ruo4 4.82 weak 5. no evidence for borrowing 虚弱
ruan3ruo4 4.82 weak 5. no evidence for borrowing
jian4kang1 4.83 healthy 5. no evidence for borrowing 健康
sheng1bing4 4.84 sick/ill 5. no evidence for borrowing 生病
bing4 4.84 sick/ill 5. no evidence for borrowing 病
fa1shao1 4.841 the fever 5. no evidence for borrowing 发烧, 發燒
jia3zhuang4xian4zhong3 4.842 the goitre/goiter 5. no evidence for borrowing 甲状腺肿, 甲狀腺種
gan3mao4 4.843 the cold 5. no evidence for borrowing 感冒
ji2bing4 4.844 the disease 5. no evidence for borrowing 疾病
shang1kou3 4.85 the wound or sore 5. no evidence for borrowing 伤口, 傷口
xue4zhong3 4.852 the bruise 5. no evidence for borrowing 血肿, 血腫
zhong3 4.853 the swelling 5. no evidence for borrowing 肿, 腫
zhong3kuai4 4.853 the swelling 5. no evidence for borrowing 肿块
zhong3zhang4 4.853 the swelling 5. no evidence for borrowing 肿胀
yang3 4.854 the itch 5. no evidence for borrowing 痒, 癢
sao1yang3 4.8541 to scratch 5. no evidence for borrowing 搔痒
shui3pao4 4.855 the blister 5. no evidence for borrowing 水泡
jie1zi 4.856 the boil 5. no evidence for borrowing 疖子
xiao3nong2ba1 4.856 the boil 5. no evidence for borrowing 小脓疤
nong2 4.857 the pus 5. no evidence for borrowing 脓, 膿
ba1 4.858 the scar 5. no evidence for borrowing 疤,
ba1hen2 4.858 the scar 5. no evidence for borrowing 疤痕
shang1ba1 4.858 the scar 5. no evidence for borrowing 伤疤
zhi4bing4 4.86 to cure 5. no evidence for borrowing 治病
zhi4hao3 4.86 to cure 5. no evidence for borrowing 治好
zhi4 4.86 to cure 5. no evidence for borrowing 治
yi1sheng1 4.87 the physician 5. no evidence for borrowing 医生
yao4 4.88 the medicine 5. no evidence for borrowing 药, 藥
du2 4.89 the poison 5. no evidence for borrowing 毒
du2yao4 4.89 the poison 5. no evidence for borrowing 毒药
lei4 4.91 tired 5. no evidence for borrowing 累
xiu1xi 4.912 to rest 5. no evidence for borrowing 休息
lan3duo4 4.92 lazy 5. no evidence for borrowing 懒惰
tu1/3 4.93 bald 5. no evidence for borrowing 秃
bo3 (de) 4.94 lame 5. no evidence for borrowing 跛
long2 4.95 deaf 5. no evidence for borrowing 聋, 聾
ya3 4.96 mute 5. no evidence for borrowing 哑
xia1 4.97 blind 5. no evidence for borrowing 瞎
mang2 4.97 blind 5. no evidence for borrowing 盲
zui4 (1) 4.98 drunk 5. no evidence for borrowing 醉
luo3 4.99 naked 5. no evidence for borrowing 裸
luo3lu4 4.99 naked 5. no evidence for borrowing 裸露
luo3ti3 4.99 naked 5. no evidence for borrowing 裸体
guang1shen1 4.99 naked 5. no evidence for borrowing 光身
chi1 5.11 to eat 5. no evidence for borrowing 吃
chi1fan4 5.11 to eat 5. no evidence for borrowing 吃饭
shi2wu4 5.12 the food 5. no evidence for borrowing 食物
fan4cai 5.12 the food 5. no evidence for borrowing 饭菜
fan4 5.12 the food 4. very little evidence for borrowing 饭, 飯
shu2 5.121 cooked 5. no evidence for borrowing 熟
zhu3de 5.121 cooked 5. no evidence for borrowing 煮的
sheng1 5.122 raw 5. no evidence for borrowing 生
cheng2shu2 5.123 ripe 5. no evidence for borrowing 成熟
sheng1 5.124 unripe 5. no evidence for borrowing 生
fu3bai4 5.125 rotten 5. no evidence for borrowing 腐败
lan4 5.125 rotten 5. no evidence for borrowing 烂, 爤
he1 5.13 to drink 5. no evidence for borrowing 喝
ji1e4 5.14 to be hungry 5. no evidence for borrowing 饥饿
e4 (2) 5.14 to be hungry 5. no evidence for borrowing 饿, 餓
ji1huang1 5.141 the famine 5. no evidence for borrowing 饥荒
ke3 5.15 to be thirsty 5. no evidence for borrowing 渴
xi1 5.16 to suck 5. no evidence for borrowing 吸
xi1qu3 5.16 to suck 5. no evidence for borrowing 吸取
xi1shun3 5.16 to suck 5. no evidence for borrowing 吸吮
shun3xi1 5.16 to suck 5. no evidence for borrowing 吮吸
ju3jue2 5.18 to chew 5. no evidence for borrowing 咀嚼
yao3 5.18 to chew 5. no evidence for borrowing 咬
tun1 5.181 to swallow 4. very little evidence for borrowing 吞
tun1xia4 5.181 to swallow 5. no evidence for borrowing 吞下
shi3 ... zhi4xi1 5.19 to choke 5. no evidence for borrowing 使......窒息
men1si3 5.19 to choke 5. no evidence for borrowing 闷死
peng1tiao2 5.21 to cook 5. no evidence for borrowing 烹调
zuo4fan4 5.21 to cook 5. no evidence for borrowing 做饭
shao1cai4 5.21 to cook 5. no evidence for borrowing 烧菜
zuo4cai4 5.21 to cook 5. no evidence for borrowing 做菜
zhu3 5.21 to cook 5. no evidence for borrowing 煮
shao1 5.21 to cook 5. no evidence for borrowing 烧
shao1kai1 5.22 to boil 5. no evidence for borrowing 烧开
fei4teng2 5.22 to boil 5. no evidence for borrowing 沸腾
kao3 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing 烤
shao1 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing 烧
jian1 (2) 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing 煎
zha2 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing 炸
kao3 5.24 to bake 5. no evidence for borrowing 烤
lu2zi 5.25 the oven 5. no evidence for borrowing 炉子
guo1(zi) 5.26 the pot 5. no evidence for borrowing 锅子
hu2 (1) 5.27 the kettle 5. no evidence for borrowing 壶
ping2di3guo1 5.28 the pan 5. no evidence for borrowing 平底锅
jiang1guo1 5.28 the pan 5. no evidence for borrowing 煎锅
wan3 (1) 5.31 the dish 5. no evidence for borrowing 碗
pan2 5.31 the dish 5. no evidence for borrowing 盤
pan2zi 5.32 the plate 5. no evidence for borrowing 盘子
die2zi 5.32 the plate 5. no evidence for borrowing 碟子
wan3 (1) 5.33 the bowl 5. no evidence for borrowing 碗
weng4 5.34 the jug/pitcher 5. no evidence for borrowing 瓮
hu2 5.34 the jug/pitcher 4. very little evidence for borrowing 壶
guan4 5.34 the jug/pitcher 5. no evidence for borrowing 罐
bei1zi 5.35 the cup 5. no evidence for borrowing 杯子
die2zi 5.36 the saucer 5. no evidence for borrowing 碟子
tiao2geng2 5.37 the spoon 5. no evidence for borrowing 调羹
geng1chi2 5.37 the spoon 5. no evidence for borrowing 羹匙
tang1chi2 5.37 the spoon 5. no evidence for borrowing 汤匙
chi2zi 5.37 the spoon 5. no evidence for borrowing 匙子
dao1 5.38 the knife(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 刀
dao1zi 5.38 the knife(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 刀子
cha1zi 5.39 the fork 5. no evidence for borrowing 叉子
cha1 5.39 the fork 3. perhaps borrowed 叉
qian2zi 5.391 the tongs 5. no evidence for borrowing 钳子
can1 5.41 the meal 5. no evidence for borrowing 餐
zao3can1 5.42 the breakfast 5. no evidence for borrowing 早餐
zao3fan4 5.42 the breakfast 5. no evidence for borrowing 早饭
wu3fan4 5.43 the lunch 5. no evidence for borrowing 午饭
wan3fan4 5.44 the dinner 5. no evidence for borrowing 晚饭
xiao1pi2 5.46 to peel 5. no evidence for borrowing 削皮
bao1pi2 5.46 to peel 5. no evidence for borrowing 剥皮
shai1 5.47 to sieve or to strain 5. no evidence for borrowing 筛
lü4 (2) 5.47 to sieve or to strain 5. no evidence for borrowing 滤, 濾
guo4lü4 5.47 to sieve or to strain 5. no evidence for borrowing 過濾
gua1 5.48 to scrape 5. no evidence for borrowing 刮
jiao3 (1) 5.49 to stir or to mix 5. no evidence for borrowing 搅
jiao3ban4 5.49 to stir or to mix 5. no evidence for borrowing 搅拌
ban4 5.49 to stir or to mix 5. no evidence for borrowing 拌
mian4bao1 5.51 the bread 5. no evidence for borrowing 面包
sheng1mian4tuan2 5.53 the dough 5. no evidence for borrowing 生面团
rou2 (1) 5.54 to knead 5. no evidence for borrowing 揉
nie1 5.54 to knead 5. no evidence for borrowing 捏
rou2mian4 5.54 to knead 5. no evidence for borrowing 揉面
mian4fen3 5.55 the flour 5. no evidence for borrowing 面粉
mo4 (1) 5.56 to crush or to grind 5. no evidence for borrowing 磨
nian3 5.56 to crush or to grind 5. no evidence for borrowing 碾
mo4zi 5.57 the mill 5. no evidence for borrowing 磨子
mo4fang2 5.57 the mill 5. no evidence for borrowing 磨房
jiu4 (1) 5.58 the mortar(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 臼
yan2bo1 5.58 the mortar(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 研钵
yan2chu3 5.59 the pestle 5. no evidence for borrowing 研杵
nian3chui2 5.59 the pestle 5. no evidence for borrowing 碾槌
rou4 5.61 the meat 5. no evidence for borrowing 肉
xiang1chang2 5.63 the sausage 5. no evidence for borrowing 香肠
la4chang2 5.63 the sausage 5. no evidence for borrowing 腊肠
tang1 5.64 the soup 5. no evidence for borrowing 汤
shu1cai4 5.65 the vegetables 5. no evidence for borrowing 蔬菜
dou4 5.66 the bean 5. no evidence for borrowing 豆
shu1 5.66 the bean 5. no evidence for borrowing 菽
ma3ling2shu3 5.7 the potato 5. no evidence for borrowing 马铃薯
tu3dou4 5.7 the potato 5. no evidence for borrowing 土豆
shui3guo3 5.71 the fruit 5. no evidence for borrowing 水果
shu4 5.712 the bunch 5. no evidence for borrowing 束
wu2hua1guo3 5.75 the fig 5. no evidence for borrowing 无花果
pu2tao 5.76 the grape 1. clearly borrowed 葡萄
*būdawa ( Elamite , uncertain)
jian1guo3 5.77 the nut 5. no evidence for borrowing 坚果, 堅果
guo3ren2(r) 5.77 the nut 5. no evidence for borrowing 果仁
gan3lan3 5.78 the olive 1. clearly borrowed 橄榄, 橄欖
k(a)lam ( unidentified donor language )
k(a)riam ( unidentified donor language )
you2 5.79 the oil 5. no evidence for borrowing 油
you2 5.791 the grease or fat 5. no evidence for borrowing 油
zhi1fang2 5.791 the grease or fat 5. no evidence for borrowing 脂肪
yan2 5.81 the salt 5. no evidence for borrowing 盐
yan2ba1 5.81 the salt 5. no evidence for borrowing 盐巴
hu2jiao1 5.82 the pepper 5. no evidence for borrowing 胡椒
la4jiao1 5.821 the chili pepper 5. no evidence for borrowing 辣椒
feng1mi4 5.84 the honey 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜂蜜
tang2 5.85 the sugar 5. no evidence for borrowing 糖
niu2nai3 5.86 the milk 5. no evidence for borrowing 牛奶
ji3nai3 5.87 to milk 5. no evidence for borrowing 挤奶
nai3lao4 5.88 the cheese 5. no evidence for borrowing 奶酪
gan1lao4 5.88 the cheese 5. no evidence for borrowing 干酪
ru3bing3 5.88 the cheese 5. no evidence for borrowing 乳饼
nai3you2 5.89 the butter 5. no evidence for borrowing 奶油
huang2you2 5.89 the butter 5. no evidence for borrowing 黄油
yin3liao4 5.9 the drink 5. no evidence for borrowing 饮料
feng1mi4jiu3 5.91 the mead 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜂蜜酒
pu2tao2jiu3 5.92 the wine 5. no evidence for borrowing 葡萄酒
pi2jiu3 5.93 the beer 5. no evidence for borrowing 啤酒
jiu3 (1) 5.94 the fermented drink 5. no evidence for borrowing 酒
ji1dan4 5.97 the egg 5. no evidence for borrowing 鸡蛋
dan4huang2 5.971 the yolk 5. no evidence for borrowing 蛋黄
luan3huang2 5.971 the yolk 5. no evidence for borrowing 卵黄
chuan1 (1) 6.11 to put on 5. no evidence for borrowing 穿
yi1fu 6.12 the clothing or clothes 5. no evidence for borrowing 衣服
cai2feng 6.13 the tailor 5. no evidence for borrowing 裁缝
bu4 6.21 the cloth 3. perhaps borrowed 布
yang2mao2 6.22 the wool 5. no evidence for borrowing 羊毛
ya4ma2 6.23 the linen 5. no evidence for borrowing 亚麻
ya4ma2bu4 6.23 the linen 5. no evidence for borrowing 亚麻布
mian2hua1 6.24 the cotton 5. no evidence for borrowing 棉花
si1chou2 6.25 the silk 5. no evidence for borrowing 丝绸
zhan1 6.27 the felt 5. no evidence for borrowing 毡,氈
mao2pi2 6.28 the fur 5. no evidence for borrowing 毛皮
pi2 (3) 6.28 the fur 5. no evidence for borrowing 皮
ge2 6.29 the leather 5. no evidence for borrowing 革
pi2 (3) 6.29 the leather 5. no evidence for borrowing 皮
fang3 6.31 to spin 5. no evidence for borrowing 纺, 紡
fang3chui2 6.32 the spindle 5. no evidence for borrowing 纺锤
zhi1 6.33 to weave 5. no evidence for borrowing 织, 織
bian1zhi1 6.33 to weave 5. no evidence for borrowing 编织
zhi1bu4ji1 6.34 the loom 5. no evidence for borrowing 织布机
zhi1ji1 6.34 the loom 5. no evidence for borrowing 织机
feng2 6.35 to sew 5. no evidence for borrowing 缝, 縫
zhen1 (1) 6.36 the needle(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing 针, 針, 鍼
zhui1zi 6.37 the awl 5. no evidence for borrowing 锥子
xian4 6.38 the thread 5. no evidence for borrowing 线, 線
ran3 6.39 to dye 4. very little evidence for borrowing 染, 染
da4yi1 6.41 the cloak 5. no evidence for borrowing 大衣
pi1jian1 6.411 the poncho 5. no evidence for borrowing 披肩
lian2yi1qun2 6.42 the (woman's) dress 5. no evidence for borrowing 连衣裙
wai4tao4 6.43 the coat 5. no evidence for borrowing 外套
shang4yi1 6.43 the coat 5. no evidence for borrowing 上衣
da4yi1 6.43 the coat 5. no evidence for borrowing 大衣
chen4shan1 6.44 the shirt 5. no evidence for borrowing 衬衫
ling3zi 6.45 the collar 5. no evidence for borrowing 领子
qun2zi 6.46 the skirt 5. no evidence for borrowing 裙子
cao3qun2 6.461 the grass-skirt 5. no evidence for borrowing 草裙
ku4zi 6.48 the trousers 5. no evidence for borrowing 裤子
wa4zi 6.49 the sock or stocking 5. no evidence for borrowing 袜子
xie2zi 6.51 the shoe 5. no evidence for borrowing 鞋子
xue1zi 6.52 the boot 5. no evidence for borrowing 靴子
xie2jiang4 6.54 the shoemaker 5. no evidence for borrowing 鞋匠
mao4zi 6.55 the hat or cap 5. no evidence for borrowing 帽子
yao1dai4 6.57 the belt 5. no evidence for borrowing 腰带
shou3tao4 6.58 the glove 5. no evidence for borrowing 手套
mian4sha1 6.59 the veil 5. no evidence for borrowing 面纱
kou3dai4 6.61 the pocket 5. no evidence for borrowing 口袋
dou1r 6.61 the pocket 5. no evidence for borrowing 兜儿 兜兒
niu3kou4 6.62 the button 5. no evidence for borrowing 纽扣
da4tou2zhen1 6.63 the pin 5. no evidence for borrowing 大头针
shou3shi4 6.71 the ornament or adornment 5. no evidence for borrowing 首饰
zhuang1shi4 6.71 the ornament or adornment 5. no evidence for borrowing 装饰
zhuang1shi4pin2 6.71 the ornament or adornment 5. no evidence for borrowing 装饰品
zhu1bao3 6.72 the jewel 5. no evidence for borrowing 珠宝
bao3shi2 6.72 the jewel 5. no evidence for borrowing 宝石
jie4zhi 6.73 the ring 5. no evidence for borrowing 戒指
shou3zhuo2 6.74 the bracelet 5. no evidence for borrowing 手镯
xiang4lian4 6.75 the necklace 5. no evidence for borrowing 项链
zhu1zi 6.76 the bead 5. no evidence for borrowing 珠子
er3huan2 6.77 the earring 5. no evidence for borrowing 耳环
wen2shen1 6.79 the tattoo 5. no evidence for borrowing 纹身
shou3juan4 6.81 the handkerchief or rag 5. no evidence for borrowing 手绢
shou3pa4 6.81 the handkerchief or rag 5. no evidence for borrowing 手帕
mao2jin1 6.82 the towel 5. no evidence for borrowing 毛巾
shu1zi 6.91 the comb 5. no evidence for borrowing 梳子
shua1zi 6.92 the brush 5. no evidence for borrowing 刷子
bian4zi 6.921 the plait/braid 5. no evidence for borrowing 辫子
ti4dao1 6.93 the razor 5. no evidence for borrowing 剃刀
you2gao1 6.94 the ointment 5. no evidence for borrowing 油膏
fei2zao4 6.95 the soap 5. no evidence for borrowing 肥皂
jing4zi 6.96 the mirror 5. no evidence for borrowing 镜子
xue3di4xie2 6.98 the snowshoe 5. no evidence for borrowing 雪地鞋
zhu4 7.11 to live 5. no evidence for borrowing 住
fang2zi 7.12 the house 5. no evidence for borrowing 房子
xiao3wu1 7.13 the hut 5. no evidence for borrowing 小屋
ting2zi 7.131 the garden-house 5. no evidence for borrowing 亭子
zhang4peng 7.14 the tent 5. no evidence for borrowing 帐篷
ting2yuan4 7.15 the yard or court 5. no evidence for borrowing 庭院
chu2fang2 7.17 the cookhouse 5. no evidence for borrowing 厨房
fang2jian1 7.21 the room 5. no evidence for borrowing 房间, 房間
wu1zi 7.21 the room 5. no evidence for borrowing 屋子
men2 7.22 the door or gate 5. no evidence for borrowing 门, 門
zhu4zi 7.221 the doorpost 5. no evidence for borrowing 柱子
suo3 7.23 the lock 5. no evidence for borrowing 锁, 鎖
men2shuan1 7.231 the latch or door-bolt 5. no evidence for borrowing 门闩
cha1xiao1 7.231 the latch or door-bolt 5. no evidence for borrowing 插销
gua4suo3 7.232 the padlock 5. no evidence for borrowing 挂锁
yao4shi 7.24 the key 5. no evidence for borrowing 钥匙
chuang1hu 7.25 the window 5. no evidence for borrowing 窗户
di4ban3 7.26 the floor 5. no evidence for borrowing 地板
qiang2bi4 7.27 the wall 5. no evidence for borrowing 墙壁
bi4lu2 7.31 the fireplace 5. no evidence for borrowing 壁炉
lu2zi 7.31 the fireplace 5. no evidence for borrowing 炉子
huo3lu2 7.32 the stove 5. no evidence for borrowing 火炉
yan1cong1 7.33 the chimney 5. no evidence for borrowing 烟囱
ti1zi 7.37 the ladder 5. no evidence for borrowing 梯子
chuang2 7.42 the bed 4. very little evidence for borrowing 床, 牀
zhen3tou 7.421 the pillow 5. no evidence for borrowing 枕头
tan3zi 7.422 the blanket 5. no evidence for borrowing 毯子
bei4zi 7.422 the blanket 5. no evidence for borrowing 被子
mao2tan3 7.422 the blanket 5. no evidence for borrowing 毛毯
yi3zi 7.43 the chair 5. no evidence for borrowing 椅子
zhuo1zi 7.44 the table 5. no evidence for borrowing 桌子
dian4deng1 7.45 the lamp or torch 5. no evidence for borrowing 电灯
la4zhu2 7.46 the candle 5. no evidence for borrowing 蜡烛
jia4zi 7.47 the shelf 5. no evidence for borrowing 架子
ge1ban3 7.47 the shelf 5. no evidence for borrowing 擱板
shui3cao2 7.48 the trough 5. no evidence for borrowing 水槽
wu1ding3 7.51 the roof 5. no evidence for borrowing 屋顶
mao2cao3 wu1ding3 7.52 the thatch 5. no evidence for borrowing 茅草屋顶
dong4liang2 7.53 the ridgepole 5. no evidence for borrowing 栋梁
chuan2 7.54 the rafter 5. no evidence for borrowing 椽
liang2 7.55 the beam 5. no evidence for borrowing 梁
zhu4 7.56 the post or pole 5. no evidence for borrowing 柱
mu4ban3 7.57 the board 5. no evidence for borrowing 木板
gong3xing2 7.58 the arch 5. no evidence for borrowing 拱形
ni2wa3gong1 7.61 the mason 5. no evidence for borrowing 泥瓦工
ni2shui3jiang4 7.61 the mason 5. no evidence for borrowing 泥水匠
zhuan1 7.62 the brick 5. no evidence for borrowing 砖, 磚
zhuan1tou 7.62 the brick 5. no evidence for borrowing 砖头
sha1jiang1 7.63 the mortar(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing 砂浆
zhuan1pi1 7.64 the adobe 5. no evidence for borrowing 砖坯
su4ying2di4 7.65 the camp 5. no evidence for borrowing 宿营地
jun1ying2 7.65 the camp 5. no evidence for borrowing 军营
diao4chuang2 7.66 the hammock 5. no evidence for borrowing 吊床
zhi4ge2 7.67 to tan 5. no evidence for borrowing 制革
rou2 (2) 7.67 to tan 5. no evidence for borrowing 鞣
nong2min2 8.11 the farmer 5. no evidence for borrowing 农民, 農民
nong2tian2 8.12 the field 5. no evidence for borrowing 农田
geng1di4 8.12 the field 5. no evidence for borrowing 耕地
tian2di4 8.12 the field 5. no evidence for borrowing 田地
shui3tian2 8.121 the paddy 5. no evidence for borrowing 水田
yuan2 (1) 8.13 the garden 5. no evidence for borrowing 园, 園
hua1yuan2 8.13 the garden 5. no evidence for borrowing 花园
yuan2pu3 8.13 the garden 5. no evidence for borrowing 园圃
geng1zhong4 8.15 to cultivate 5. no evidence for borrowing 耕种
kai1ken3 8.15 to cultivate 5. no evidence for borrowing 开垦
li2ba1 8.16 the fence 5. no evidence for borrowing 篱笆
zha4lan 8.16 the fence 5. no evidence for borrowing 栅栏
gou1 8.17 the ditch 5. no evidence for borrowing 沟
qu2 8.17 the ditch 5. no evidence for borrowing 渠
geng1tian2 8.21 to plough/plow 5. no evidence for borrowing 耕田
li2tian2 8.21 to plough/plow 5. no evidence for borrowing 犁田
li2gou1 8.212 the furrow 5. no evidence for borrowing 犁沟
wa1jue2 8.22 to dig 5. no evidence for borrowing 挖掘
chan3 8.23 the spade 5. no evidence for borrowing 铲, 鏟
tie3qiao1 8.23 the spade 5. no evidence for borrowing 铁锹
xian1 8.24 the shovel 5. no evidence for borrowing 锨, 杴
qiao1 8.24 the shovel 5. no evidence for borrowing 锹,鍬
chan3zi 8.24 the shovel 5. no evidence for borrowing 铲子, 鏟子
chu2tou 8.25 the hoe 5. no evidence for borrowing 锄头
chu2 8.25 the hoe 3. perhaps borrowed 锄, 鋤
gan1cao3cha1 8.26 the fork(2)/pitchfork 5. no evidence for borrowing 干草叉
cha1 8.26 the fork(2)/pitchfork 3. perhaps borrowed 叉
pa2 (1), also ba2 8.27 the rake 4. very little evidence for borrowing 耙
pa2zi 8.27 the rake 5. no evidence for borrowing 耙子
gong1zhu1 3.99926 the male pig 5. no evidence for borrowing 公猪
tao4suo3 8.29 the lasso 5. no evidence for borrowing 套索
bo1zhong3 8.31 to sow 5. no evidence for borrowing 播种
xia4zhong3 8.31 to sow 5. no evidence for borrowing 下种
bo1 (2) 8.31 to sow 5. no evidence for borrowing 播
zhong3zi 8.311 the seed 5. no evidence for borrowing 种子
shou1ge1 8.32 to mow 5. no evidence for borrowing 收割
lian2dao1 8.33 the sickle or scythe 5. no evidence for borrowing 镰刀
da3gu3 8.34 to thresh 5. no evidence for borrowing 打谷
da3gu3chang2 8.35 the threshing-floor 5. no evidence for borrowing 打谷场
shou1cheng2 8.41 the harvest 5. no evidence for borrowing 收成
shou1huo4 8.41 the harvest 5. no evidence for borrowing 收获
wu3gu3 8.42 the grain 5. no evidence for borrowing 五谷
zhuang1jia 8.42 the grain 5. no evidence for borrowing 庄稼 莊稼
xiao3mai4 8.43 the wheat 5. no evidence for borrowing 小麦
da4mai4 8.44 the barley 5. no evidence for borrowing 大麦
hei1mai4 8.45 the rye 5. no evidence for borrowing 黑麦
yan4mai4 8.46 the oats 5. no evidence for borrowing 燕麦
bang4zi 8.47 the maize/corn 5. no evidence for borrowing 棒子
yu4mi3 8.47 the maize/corn 5. no evidence for borrowing 玉米
dao4zi 8.48 the rice 5. no evidence for borrowing 稻子
mi3 8.48 the rice 4. very little evidence for borrowing 米
Unidentifiable ( unidentified donor language )
mi3fan4 8.48 the rice 5. no evidence for borrowing 米饭
gao1liang 8.99923 the jowar 5. no evidence for borrowing 高粱
su4 8.99933 the millet 5. no evidence for borrowing 粟
gu3zi 8.99933 the millet 5. no evidence for borrowing 谷子, 穀子
xiao3mi3 8.99933 the millet 5. no evidence for borrowing 小米
shu3 (2) 8.99933 the millet 5. no evidence for borrowing 黍
cao3 8.51 the grass 5. no evidence for borrowing 草
qing1cao3 8.51 the grass 5. no evidence for borrowing 青草
cao3 8.52 the hay 5. no evidence for borrowing 草
gan1cao3 8.52 the hay 5. no evidence for borrowing 干草
cao3liao4 8.52 the hay 5. no evidence for borrowing 草料
zhi2wu4 8.53 the plant 5. no evidence for borrowing 植物
zhong4 8.531 to plant 5. no evidence for borrowing 种
gen1 8.54 the root 2. probably borrowed 根
gen1zi 8.54 the root 5. no evidence for borrowing 根子
shu4zhi1 8.55 the branch 5. no evidence for borrowing 树枝, 樹枝
ye4zi 8.56 the leaf 5. no evidence for borrowing 叶子
hua1(r) 8.57 the flower 4. very little evidence for borrowing 花
shu4mu4 8.6 the tree 5. no evidence for borrowing 树木
shu4 8.6 the tree 5. no evidence for borrowing 树, 樹
xiang4shu4 8.61 the oak 5. no evidence for borrowing 橡树
shan1mao2ju3 8.62 the beech 5. no evidence for borrowing 山毛榉
hua4shu4 8.63 the birch 5. no evidence for borrowing 桦树, 樺樹
song1shu4 8.64 the pine 5. no evidence for borrowing 松树
shan1shu4 8.65 the fir 5. no evidence for borrowing 杉树
xiang4zi 8.66 the acorn 5. no evidence for borrowing 橡子
pu2tao2shu4 8.67 the vine 5. no evidence for borrowing 葡萄树
pu2taowan4 8.67 the vine 5. no evidence for borrowing 葡萄蔓
pu2taoteng2 8.67 the vine 5. no evidence for borrowing 葡萄藤
yan1ye4 8.68 the tobacco 5. no evidence for borrowing 烟叶
yan1cao3 8.68 the tobacco 5. no evidence for borrowing 烟草, 煙草
chou1yan1 8.69 to smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing 抽烟
yan1dou3 8.691 the pipe 5. no evidence for borrowing 烟斗
shu4dun1 8.72 the tree stump 5. no evidence for borrowing 树墩
shu4gan4 8.73 the tree trunk 5. no evidence for borrowing 树干
shu4pi2 8.75 the bark 5. no evidence for borrowing 树皮
shu4ye4 8.76 the sap 5. no evidence for borrowing 树液
ye1shu4 8.81 the palm tree 5. no evidence for borrowing 椰树
bing1lang 8.81 the palm tree 1. clearly borrowed 槟榔
Unidentifiable ( Austronesian , uncertain)
pu2kui2 8.81 the palm tree 5. no evidence for borrowing 蒲葵
zong1lü2 8.81 the palm tree <