Vietnamese Vocabulary

by Mark Alves

The vocabulary contains 1534 meaning-word pairs from the recipient language Vietnamese. The corresponding text chapter was published in the book Loanwords in the World's Languages. The language page Vietnamese contains a list of all loanwords arranged by donor languoid.

Word LWT Code Meaning Borrowed Status Source Words
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Word

The word is given in the usual orthography or transcription, and in the usual citation form.

Click on a word to get even more information than is shown in this table.

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LWT Code

The Loanword Typology code is the identifier of the Loanword Typology meaning. Sorting by LWT Code sorts the words thematically by semantic field.

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Meaning

This column shows the labels of the Loanword Typology meanings. By clicking on a meaning label, you get more information about the meaning, as well as a list of all words that are counterparts of that meaning.

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Borrowed Status

There are five borrowed statuses, reflecting decreasing likelihood that the word is a loanword:

  1. clearly borrowed
  2. probably borrowed
  3. perhaps borrowed
  4. very little evidence for borrowing
  5. no evidence for borrowing
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Source Words

For (possible) loanwords, this column shows the words in the source languages that served as models.

thế giới 1.1 the world 1. clearly borrowed
đất (1) 1.21 the land 5. no evidence for borrowing
đất (2) 1.212 the soil 5. no evidence for borrowing
bụi 1.213 the dust 5. no evidence for borrowing
bùn 1.214 the mud 5. no evidence for borrowing
cát 1.215 the sand 5. no evidence for borrowing
núi 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing
đồi 1.22 the mountain or hill 4. very little evidence for borrowing
vách đá 1.222 the cliff or precipice 5. no evidence for borrowing
đồng bằng 1.23 the plain 5. no evidence for borrowing
thung lũng 1.24 the valley 5. no evidence for borrowing
lưu vực 1.24 the valley 1. clearly borrowed
đảo 1.25 the island 1. clearly borrowed
cù lao 1.25 the island 2. probably borrowed
pulau (Cham )
đại lục 1.26 the mainland 1. clearly borrowed
bờ 1.27 the shore 5. no evidence for borrowing
hang 1.28 the cave 5. no evidence for borrowing
nước 1.31 the water 5. no evidence for borrowing
biển 1.32 the sea 5. no evidence for borrowing
không nổi sóng 1.322 calm 5. no evidence for borrowing
động 1.323 rough(2) 2. probably borrowed
bọt 1.324 the foam 5. no evidence for borrowing
đại dương 1.329 the ocean 1. clearly borrowed
hồ 1.33 the lake 1. clearly borrowed
vịnh 1.34 the bay 5. no evidence for borrowing
phá 1.341 the lagoon 5. no evidence for borrowing
đá ngầm 1.342 the reef 5. no evidence for borrowing
mũi đất 1.343 the cape 5. no evidence for borrowing
sóng 1.35 the wave 5. no evidence for borrowing
triều 1.352 the tide 1. clearly borrowed
triều thấp 1.353 the low tide 5. no evidence for borrowing
triều cao 1.354 the high tide 2. probably borrowed
sông 1.36 the river or stream 5. no evidence for borrowing
dòng nước xoáy 1.362 the whirlpool 5. no evidence for borrowing
giếng 1.37 the spring or well 2. probably borrowed
đầm lầy 1.38 the swamp 5. no evidence for borrowing
thác nước 1.39 the waterfall 5. no evidence for borrowing
rừng 1.41 the woods or forest 5. no evidence for borrowing
thảo nguyên 1.411 the savanna 1. clearly borrowed
gỗ 1.43 the wood 5. no evidence for borrowing
đá (1) 1.44 the stone or rock 5. no evidence for borrowing
địa động 1.45 the earthquake 1. clearly borrowed
trời 1.51 the sky 5. no evidence for borrowing
mặt trời 1.52 the sun 5. no evidence for borrowing
mặt trăng 1.53 the moon 3. perhaps borrowed
sao (1) 1.54 the star 5. no evidence for borrowing
chớp 1.55 the lightning 5. no evidence for borrowing
sấm 1.56 the thunder 5. no evidence for borrowing
chớp 1.57 the bolt of lightning 5. no evidence for borrowing
bão 1.58 the storm 2. probably borrowed
cầu vồng 1.59 the rainbow 3. perhaps borrowed
ánh sáng 1.61 the light 5. no evidence for borrowing
bóng tối 1.62 the darkness 5. no evidence for borrowing
bóng (1) 1.63 the shade or shadow 5. no evidence for borrowing
sương 1.64 the dew 5. no evidence for borrowing
không khí 1.71 the air 1. clearly borrowed
hơi 1.71 the air 3. perhaps borrowed
gío 1.72 the wind 5. no evidence for borrowing
mây 1.73 the cloud 5. no evidence for borrowing
sương mù 1.74 the fog 5. no evidence for borrowing
mưa 1.75 the rain 5. no evidence for borrowing
tuyết 1.76 the snow 1. clearly borrowed
đá (2) 1.77 the ice 5. no evidence for borrowing
cực quang 1.771 the arctic lights 1. clearly borrowed
đông lại 1.775 to freeze 2. probably borrowed
thời tiết 1.78 the weather 5. no evidence for borrowing
lửa 1.81 the fire 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngọn lửa 1.82 the flame 5. no evidence for borrowing
khói 1.83 the smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
hơi nước 1.831 the steam 5. no evidence for borrowing
tro 1.84 the ash 5. no evidence for borrowing
than hồng 1.841 the embers 5. no evidence for borrowing
đốt cháy 1.851 to burn(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
cháy 1.852 to burn(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
đốt 1.86 to light 5. no evidence for borrowing
tắt 1.861 to extinguish 5. no evidence for borrowing
diêm 1.87 the match 5. no evidence for borrowing
củi 1.88 the firewood 5. no evidence for borrowing
than 1.89 the charcoal 2. probably borrowed
người 2.1 the person 5. no evidence for borrowing
đàn ông 2.21 the man 5. no evidence for borrowing
đàn bà 2.22 the woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
trai 2.23 male(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
gái 2.24 female(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
con trai (1) 2.25 the boy 5. no evidence for borrowing
người bạn trai 2.251 the young man 5. no evidence for borrowing
con gái (1) 2.26 the girl 5. no evidence for borrowing
thiếu nữ 2.261 the young woman 1. clearly borrowed
con (1) 2.27 the child(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
con bé 2.28 the baby 5. no evidence for borrowing
chồng 2.31 the husband 2. probably borrowed
vợ 2.32 the wife 2. probably borrowed
cưới 2.33 to marry 3. perhaps borrowed
lấy (1) 2.33 to marry 5. no evidence for borrowing
gả 2.33 to marry 2. probably borrowed
đám cưới 2.34 the wedding 5. no evidence for borrowing
ly dị 2.341 the divorce 2. probably borrowed
bố 2.35 the father 3. perhaps borrowed
mẹ 2.36 the mother 3. perhaps borrowed
bố mẹ 2.37 the parents 5. no evidence for borrowing
đàn ông có vợ 2.38 the married man 5. no evidence for borrowing
đàn bà có chồng 2.39 the married woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
con trai (2) 2.41 the son 5. no evidence for borrowing
con gái (2) 2.42 the daughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
con (2) 2.43 the child(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
em trai 2.44 the brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
anh em 2.44 the brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
anh 2.444 the older brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
em trai 2.445 the younger brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
chị em gái 2.45 the sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
chị 2.454 the older sister 2. probably borrowed
em gái 2.455 the younger sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
anh chị em 2.456 the sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing
anh chị 2.4561 the older sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing
em 2.4562 the younger sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing
sinh đôi 2.458 the twins 5. no evidence for borrowing
ông (1) 2.46 the grandfather 1. clearly borrowed
ông (2) 2.461 the old man 1. clearly borrowed
bà (1) 2.47 the grandmother 1. clearly borrowed
bà (2) 2.471 the old woman 1. clearly borrowed
ông bà 2.4711 the grandparents 5. no evidence for borrowing
cháu trai 2.48 the grandson 5. no evidence for borrowing
cháu gái 2.49 the granddaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
cháu 2.5 the grandchild 5. no evidence for borrowing
bác 2.51 the uncle 2. probably borrowed
chú 2.51 the uncle 2. probably borrowed
cậu 2.511 the mother's brother 1. clearly borrowed
bác 2.512 the father's brother 2. probably borrowed
cô 2.52 the aunt 1. clearly borrowed
dì 2.52 the aunt 2. probably borrowed
m 2.521 the mother's sister 2. probably borrowed
thím 2.522 the father's sister 1. clearly borrowed
cô 2.522 the father's sister 1. clearly borrowed
cháu trai 2.53 the nephew 5. no evidence for borrowing
cháu gái 2.54 the niece 5. no evidence for borrowing
cháu 2.541 the sibling’s child 5. no evidence for borrowing
anh chị em họ 2.55 the cousin 5. no evidence for borrowing
tổ tiên 2.56 the ancestors 1. clearly borrowed
hậu duệ 2.57 the descendants 1. clearly borrowed
bố vợ 2.61 the father-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
bố chồng 2.611 the father-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
mẹ vợ 2.62 the mother-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
mẹ chồng 2.621 the mother-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
bố mẹ vợ chồng 2.622 the parents-in-law 5. no evidence for borrowing
con rể 2.63 the son-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
con rể 2.631 the son-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
con dâu 2.64 the daughter-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
con dấu 2.641 the daughter-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
con rể 2.6411 the child-in-law 5. no evidence for borrowing
con dâu 2.6411 the child-in-law 5. no evidence for borrowing
con dấu 2.6411 the child-in-law 5. no evidence for borrowing
chị dâu 2.6412 the sibling-in-law 5. no evidence for borrowing
bố dượng 2.71 the stepfather 5. no evidence for borrowing
mẹ ghẻ 2.72 the stepmother 5. no evidence for borrowing
con trai riêng 2.73 the stepson 5. no evidence for borrowing
con gái riêng 2.74 the stepdaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
mồ côi 2.75 the orphan 5. no evidence for borrowing
bà goá chồng 2.76 the widow 5. no evidence for borrowing
quả phụ 2.76 the widow 1. clearly borrowed
ông goá vợ 2.77 the widower 5. no evidence for borrowing
bà con 2.81 the relatives 5. no evidence for borrowing
gia đình 2.82 the family 1. clearly borrowed
tao 2.91 I 5. no evidence for borrowing
tôi 2.91 I 5. no evidence for borrowing
mày (1) 2.92 you (singular) 5. no evidence for borrowing
nó 2.93 he/she/it 5. no evidence for borrowing
hắn 2.931 he 5. no evidence for borrowing
cô ta 2.932 she 5. no evidence for borrowing
nó 2.933 it 5. no evidence for borrowing
ta 2.94 we 4. very little evidence for borrowing
chúng tôi 2.941 we (inclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing
chúng ta 2.942 we (exclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing
các mày 2.95 you (plural) 5. no evidence for borrowing
họ 2.96 they 2. probably borrowed
chúng 2.96 they 2. probably borrowed
động mật 3.11 the animal 1. clearly borrowed
đực 3.12 male(2) 2. probably borrowed
cái 3.13 female(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
vật nuôi 3.15 the livestock 5. no evidence for borrowing
đồng cỏ 3.16 the pasture 5. no evidence for borrowing
người chăn súc vật 3.18 the herdsman 5. no evidence for borrowing
chuồng 3.19 the stable or stall 5. no evidence for borrowing
bò (1) 3.2 the cattle 3. perhaps borrowed
bò đực 3.21 the bull 2. probably borrowed
bò đực 3.22 the ox 2. probably borrowed
bò cái 3.23 the cow 5. no evidence for borrowing
bò con 3.24 the calf 5. no evidence for borrowing
cừu 3.25 the sheep 5. no evidence for borrowing
cừu đực 3.26 the ram 5. no evidence for borrowing
cừu cái 3.28 the ewe 5. no evidence for borrowing
cừu con 3.29 the lamb 5. no evidence for borrowing
lợn rừng 3.32 the boar 5. no evidence for borrowing
lợn cái 3.34 the sow 5. no evidence for borrowing
lợn 3.35 the pig 5. no evidence for borrowing
dê 3.36 the goat 5. no evidence for borrowing
dê đực 3.37 the he-goat 5. no evidence for borrowing
dê con 3.38 the kid 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngựa 3.41 the horse 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngựa đực 3.42 the stallion 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngựa cái 3.44 the mare 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngựa con 3.45 the foal or colt 5. no evidence for borrowing
lừa 3.46 the donkey 2. probably borrowed
la (1) 3.47 the mule 1. clearly borrowed
gà 3.5 the fowl 3. perhaps borrowed
gà trống 3.52 the cock/rooster 5. no evidence for borrowing
gà mái 3.54 the hen 5. no evidence for borrowing
gà 3.55 the chicken 3. perhaps borrowed
ngan 3.56 the goose 3. perhaps borrowed
ngỗng 3.56 the goose 5. no evidence for borrowing
vịt 3.57 the duck 2. probably borrowed
ổ 3.58 the nest 5. no evidence for borrowing
chim 3.581 the bird 5. no evidence for borrowing
mòng biển 3.582 the seagull 5. no evidence for borrowing
diệc 3.583 the heron 5. no evidence for borrowing
chim đại bàng 3.584 the eagle 5. no evidence for borrowing
ưng 3.585 the hawk 1. clearly borrowed
chim kền kền 3.586 the vulture 5. no evidence for borrowing
dơi 3.591 the bat 5. no evidence for borrowing
vẹt 3.592 the parrot 5. no evidence for borrowing
ác 3.593 the crow 5. no evidence for borrowing
bồ câu 3.594 the dove 2. probably borrowed
cú 3.596 the owl 5. no evidence for borrowing
cốc 3.597 the cormorant 5. no evidence for borrowing
tucăng 3.598 the toucan 1. clearly borrowed
chó 3.61 the dog 5. no evidence for borrowing
thỏ 3.614 the rabbit 2. probably borrowed
mèo 3.62 the cat 3. perhaps borrowed
ôpôt 3.622 the opossum 1. clearly borrowed
chuột 3.63 the mouse or rat 5. no evidence for borrowing
cá 3.65 the fish 5. no evidence for borrowing
vây cá 3.652 the fin 5. no evidence for borrowing
vảy 3.653 the scale 5. no evidence for borrowing
mang (1) 3.654 the gill 5. no evidence for borrowing
vỏ 3.655 the shell 5. no evidence for borrowing
cá mập 3.661 the shark 5. no evidence for borrowing
cá heo mỏ 3.662 the porpoise or dolphin 5. no evidence for borrowing
cá voi 3.663 the whale 5. no evidence for borrowing
cá đuối gai độc 3.664 the stingray 5. no evidence for borrowing
lươn 3.665 the freshwater eel 5. no evidence for borrowing
chó sói 3.71 the wolf 5. no evidence for borrowing
sư tử 3.72 the lion 1. clearly borrowed
gấu 3.73 the bear 5. no evidence for borrowing
cáo 3.74 the fox 5. no evidence for borrowing
nai 3.75 the deer 5. no evidence for borrowing
khỉ 3.76 the monkey 5. no evidence for borrowing
voi 3.77 the elephant 5. no evidence for borrowing
lạc đà 3.78 the camel 1. clearly borrowed
côn trùng 3.81 the insect 1. clearly borrowed
sâu bọ 3.81 the insect 5. no evidence for borrowing
chấy 3.811 the head louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
rận 3.8112 the body louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
trứng chấy 3.812 the nit 5. no evidence for borrowing
bọ chét 3.813 the flea 5. no evidence for borrowing
rết 3.814 the centipede 5. no evidence for borrowing
bọ cạp 3.815 the scorpion 5. no evidence for borrowing
gián 3.816 the cockroach 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiến 3.817 the ant 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhện 3.818 the spider 5. no evidence for borrowing
mạng nhện 3.819 the spider web 5. no evidence for borrowing
ong 3.82 the bee 5. no evidence for borrowing
sáp ong 3.821 the beeswax 5. no evidence for borrowing
tổ ong 3.822 the beehive 5. no evidence for borrowing
ong 3.823 the wasp 5. no evidence for borrowing
ruổi 3.83 the fly 5. no evidence for borrowing
muỗi nhỏ 3.831 the sandfly or midge or gnat 5. no evidence for borrowing
muỗi 3.832 the mosquito 5. no evidence for borrowing
tôm 3.833 the prawns or shrimp 5. no evidence for borrowing
mọt 3.834 the termites 5. no evidence for borrowing
bét 3.835 the tick 5. no evidence for borrowing
giun 3.84 the worm 5. no evidence for borrowing
rắn 3.85 the snake 5. no evidence for borrowing
chó sói đồng cỏ 3.862 the coyote 5. no evidence for borrowing
thỏ 3.863 the hare 2. probably borrowed
chim cút 3.865 the quail 5. no evidence for borrowing
racoon 3.866 the raccoon 1. clearly borrowed
sóc 3.869 the squirrel 5. no evidence for borrowing
nai tuyết 3.871 the reindeer/caribou 5. no evidence for borrowing
nai sừng tấm 3.872 the elk/moose 5. no evidence for borrowing
hải ly 3.873 the beaver 1. clearly borrowed
canguru 3.88 the kangaroo 1. clearly borrowed
loài thú ăn kiến 3.89 the anteater 5. no evidence for borrowing
báo đốm 3.9 the jaguar 5. no evidence for borrowing
đom đóm 3.91 the firefly 5. no evidence for borrowing
tắc kè hoa 3.913 the chameleon 5. no evidence for borrowing
trâu 3.917 the buffalo 5. no evidence for borrowing
bươm bướm 3.92 the butterfly 5. no evidence for borrowing
châu chấu 3.93 the grasshopper 5. no evidence for borrowing
ốc 3.94 the snail 5. no evidence for borrowing
ếch 3.95 the frog 5. no evidence for borrowing
thằn lằn 3.96 the lizard 5. no evidence for borrowing
cá sấu 3.97 the crocodile or alligator 5. no evidence for borrowing
rùa 3.98 the turtle 5. no evidence for borrowing
ba ba 3.98 the turtle 5. no evidence for borrowing
heo vòi 3.99 the tapir 5. no evidence for borrowing
thân thể 4.11 the body 1. clearly borrowed
mình 4.11 the body 5. no evidence for borrowing
da 4.12 the skin or hide 5. no evidence for borrowing
thịt 4.13 the flesh 5. no evidence for borrowing
tóc 4.14 the hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
râu 4.142 the beard 5. no evidence for borrowing
lông 4.144 the body hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
lông 4.145 the pubic hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
gàu 4.146 the dandruff 5. no evidence for borrowing
máu 4.15 the blood 5. no evidence for borrowing
tĩnh mạch 4.151 the vein or artery 1. clearly borrowed
xương 4.16 the bone 5. no evidence for borrowing
xương sườn 4.162 the rib 5. no evidence for borrowing
sừng 4.17 the horn 5. no evidence for borrowing
đuổi (1) 4.18 the tail 5. no evidence for borrowing
lưng 4.19 the back 5. no evidence for borrowing
xương sống 4.191 the spine 5. no evidence for borrowing
đầu 4.2 the head 1. clearly borrowed
thái dương 4.201 the temples 1. clearly borrowed
mang tai 4.201 the temples 5. no evidence for borrowing
đầu óc 4.202 the skull 5. no evidence for borrowing
óc 4.203 the brain 5. no evidence for borrowing
mặt 4.204 the face 5. no evidence for borrowing
trán 4.205 the forehead 5. no evidence for borrowing
hàm 4.207 the jaw 5. no evidence for borrowing
má 4.208 the cheek 5. no evidence for borrowing
cằm 4.209 the chin 5. no evidence for borrowing
mắt 4.21 the eye 5. no evidence for borrowing
mày (2) 4.212 the eyebrow 2. probably borrowed
mí 4.213 the eyelid 5. no evidence for borrowing
lông mi 4.214 the eyelash 5. no evidence for borrowing
nháy 4.215 to blink 5. no evidence for borrowing
tai 4.22 the ear 5. no evidence for borrowing
trái tai 4.221 the earlobe 5. no evidence for borrowing
ráy 4.222 the earwax 5. no evidence for borrowing
mũi 4.23 the nose 5. no evidence for borrowing
lỗ mũi 4.231 the nostril 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhầy 4.232 the nasal mucus 5. no evidence for borrowing
miệng 4.24 the mouth 5. no evidence for borrowing
mỏ 4.241 the beak 5. no evidence for borrowing
môi 4.25 the lip 5. no evidence for borrowing
lưỡi 4.26 the tongue 5. no evidence for borrowing
răng 4.27 the tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
lợi 4.271 the gums 5. no evidence for borrowing
răng hàm 4.272 the molar tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
cổ 4.28 the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing
gáy 4.281 the nape of the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing
họng 4.29 the throat 5. no evidence for borrowing
vai 4.3 the shoulder 5. no evidence for borrowing
xương vai 4.301 the shoulderblade 5. no evidence for borrowing
xương đòn 4.302 the collarbone 5. no evidence for borrowing
tay 4.31 the arm 5. no evidence for borrowing
nách 4.312 the armpit 5. no evidence for borrowing
khuyủ tay 4.32 the elbow 5. no evidence for borrowing
cổ tay 4.321 the wrist 5. no evidence for borrowing
tay 4.33 the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
lòng bàn tay 4.331 the palm of the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngón tay 4.34 the finger 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngón tay cái 4.342 the thumb 5. no evidence for borrowing
móng tay 4.344 the fingernail 5. no evidence for borrowing
vuốt 4.345 the claw 5. no evidence for borrowing
chân 4.35 the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing
đùi 4.351 the thigh 2. probably borrowed
bắp chân 4.352 the calf of the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing
đầu gối 4.36 the knee 5. no evidence for borrowing
bàn chân 4.37 the foot 5. no evidence for borrowing
cổ chân 4.371 the ankle 5. no evidence for borrowing
gót 4.372 the heel 5. no evidence for borrowing
dấu chân 4.374 the footprint 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngón chân 4.38 the toe 5. no evidence for borrowing
cánh 4.392 the wing 5. no evidence for borrowing
lông chim 4.393 the feather 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngực 4.4 the chest 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngực 4.41 the breast 5. no evidence for borrowing
vú 4.412 the nipple or teat 5. no evidence for borrowing
bầu vú 4.42 the udder 5. no evidence for borrowing
rốn 4.43 the navel 5. no evidence for borrowing
bụng 4.431 the belly 5. no evidence for borrowing
tim 4.44 the heart 2. probably borrowed
phổi 4.441 the lung 2. probably borrowed
gan 4.45 the liver 2. probably borrowed
thận 4.451 the kidney 1. clearly borrowed
lách 4.452 the spleen 5. no evidence for borrowing
dạ 4.46 the stomach 5. no evidence for borrowing
ruột 4.461 the intestines or guts 5. no evidence for borrowing
eo 4.462 the waist 2. probably borrowed
hông 4.463 the hip 5. no evidence for borrowing
mông 4.464 the buttocks 5. no evidence for borrowing
gân 4.465 the sinew or tendon 2. probably borrowed
dạ con 4.47 the womb 5. no evidence for borrowing
hòn dái 4.49 the testicles 5. no evidence for borrowing
tinh hoàn 4.49 the testicles 1. clearly borrowed
dương vật 4.492 the penis 1. clearly borrowed
âm vật 4.493 the vagina 1. clearly borrowed
âm hộ 4.494 the vulva 1. clearly borrowed
thở 4.51 to breathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngáp 4.52 to yawn 5. no evidence for borrowing
nấc 4.521 to hiccough 5. no evidence for borrowing
ho 4.53 to cough 5. no evidence for borrowing
hắt hơi 4.54 to sneeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
ra mồ hôi 4.55 to perspire 5. no evidence for borrowing
khạc 4.56 to spit 5. no evidence for borrowing
mửa 4.57 to vomit 5. no evidence for borrowing
cắn 4.58 to bite 5. no evidence for borrowing
liếm 4.59 to lick 5. no evidence for borrowing
chảy nhỏ giọt 4.591 to dribble 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngủ 4.61 to sleep 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngáy 4.612 to snore 5. no evidence for borrowing
mơ 4.62 to dream 5. no evidence for borrowing
tỉnh 4.63 to wake up 1. clearly borrowed
rắm 4.64 to fart 5. no evidence for borrowing
đi đái 4.65 to piss 5. no evidence for borrowing
tiểu tiện 4.65 to piss 1. clearly borrowed
iả 4.66 to shit 5. no evidence for borrowing
đại tiện 4.66 to shit 1. clearly borrowed
làm tình 4.67 to have sex 5. no evidence for borrowing
run 4.68 to shiver 5. no evidence for borrowing
tắm 4.69 to bathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
sinh (1) 4.71 to beget 1. clearly borrowed
đẻ 4.71 to beget 5. no evidence for borrowing
sinh (2) 4.72 to be born 1. clearly borrowed
có mang 4.73 pregnant 5. no evidence for borrowing
thụ thai 4.732 to conceive 1. clearly borrowed
sống (1) 4.74 to be alive 5. no evidence for borrowing
cuộc sống 4.741 the life 5. no evidence for borrowing
chết (1) 4.75 to die 5. no evidence for borrowing
chết (2) 4.7501 dead 5. no evidence for borrowing
chết đuối 4.751 to drown 5. no evidence for borrowing
giết 4.76 to kill 5. no evidence for borrowing
xác 4.77 the corpse 5. no evidence for borrowing
xác súc vật 4.771 the carcass 5. no evidence for borrowing
chôn 4.78 to bury 5. no evidence for borrowing
mả 4.79 the grave 2. probably borrowed
mạnh 4.81 strong 2. probably borrowed
yếu 4.82 weak 3. perhaps borrowed
khỏe 4.83 healthy 5. no evidence for borrowing
bệnh 4.84 sick/ill 1. clearly borrowed
sốt 4.841 the fever 5. no evidence for borrowing
bươú 4.842 the goitre/goiter 5. no evidence for borrowing
cảm 4.843 the cold 2. probably borrowed
bệnh tật 4.844 the disease 1. clearly borrowed
thương tích 4.85 the wound or sore 1. clearly borrowed
vết thâm tím 4.852 the bruise 5. no evidence for borrowing
sự sưng lên 4.853 the swelling 5. no evidence for borrowing
sự ngứa 4.854 the itch 5. no evidence for borrowing
cào (1) 4.8541 to scratch 5. no evidence for borrowing
chỗ giộp da 4.855 the blister 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhọt 4.856 the boil 5. no evidence for borrowing
mủ 4.857 the pus 5. no evidence for borrowing
sẹo 4.858 the scar 5. no evidence for borrowing
chữa (bệnh) 4.86 to cure 2. probably borrowed
bác sĩ 4.87 the physician 1. clearly borrowed
thuộc (1) 4.88 the medicine 5. no evidence for borrowing
độc 4.89 the poison 1. clearly borrowed
mệt 4.91 tired 5. no evidence for borrowing
nghỉ 4.912 to rest 5. no evidence for borrowing
lười 4.92 lazy 5. no evidence for borrowing
hói 4.93 bald 5. no evidence for borrowing
què 4.94 lame 5. no evidence for borrowing
điếc 4.95 deaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
câm 4.96 mute 5. no evidence for borrowing
mù 4.97 blind 5. no evidence for borrowing
say 4.98 drunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
trần 4.99 naked 5. no evidence for borrowing
ăn 5.11 to eat 5. no evidence for borrowing
đồ ăn 5.12 the food 5. no evidence for borrowing
thực phẩm 5.12 the food 1. clearly borrowed
chín (1) 5.121 cooked 5. no evidence for borrowing
sống (2) 5.122 raw 5. no evidence for borrowing
chín (2) 5.123 ripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
chưa chín 5.124 unripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
thối 5.125 rotten 5. no evidence for borrowing
uống 5.13 to drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
đói 5.14 to be hungry 5. no evidence for borrowing
nạn đói kém 5.141 the famine 5. no evidence for borrowing
khát 5.15 to be thirsty 5. no evidence for borrowing
bú 5.16 to suck 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhai 5.18 to chew 5. no evidence for borrowing
nuốt 5.181 to swallow 5. no evidence for borrowing
nghẹt 5.19 to choke 5. no evidence for borrowing
nấu 5.21 to cook 5. no evidence for borrowing
sôi 5.22 to boil 5. no evidence for borrowing
quay (1) 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing
rán 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing
chiên 5.23 to roast or fry 2. probably borrowed
sào 5.23 to roast or fry 2. probably borrowed
bỏ lò 5.24 to bake 5. no evidence for borrowing
lò 5.25 the oven 2. probably borrowed
ấm (1) 5.26 the pot 5. no evidence for borrowing
ấm (1) 5.27 the kettle 5. no evidence for borrowing
chảo 5.28 the pan 3. perhaps borrowed
đĩa 5.31 the dish 2. probably borrowed
đĩa 5.32 the plate 2. probably borrowed
bát 5.33 the bowl 5. no evidence for borrowing
chén 5.33 the bowl 2. probably borrowed
bình 5.34 the jug/pitcher 1. clearly borrowed
chén 5.35 the cup 2. probably borrowed
đĩa nhỏ 5.36 the saucer 5. no evidence for borrowing
thìa 5.37 the spoon 2. probably borrowed
muỗng 5.37 the spoon 5. no evidence for borrowing
dao (1) 5.38 the knife(1) 2. probably borrowed
nĩa 5.39 the fork 5. no evidence for borrowing
kẹp 5.391 the tongs 5. no evidence for borrowing
bữa ăn 5.41 the meal 5. no evidence for borrowing
bữa ăn sáng 5.42 the breakfast 5. no evidence for borrowing
bữa ăn trưa 5.43 the lunch 5. no evidence for borrowing
bữa ăn tối 5.44 the dinner 5. no evidence for borrowing
bữa ăn tối 5.45 the supper 5. no evidence for borrowing
bóc 5.46 to peel 5. no evidence for borrowing
giần 5.47 to sieve or to strain 5. no evidence for borrowing
cạo 5.48 to scrape 5. no evidence for borrowing
khuấy 5.49 to stir or to mix 5. no evidence for borrowing
bánh mì 5.51 the bread 5. no evidence for borrowing
bột nhào 5.53 the dough 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhào 5.54 to knead 5. no evidence for borrowing
bột 5.55 the flour 5. no evidence for borrowing
xay 5.56 to crush or to grind 5. no evidence for borrowing
máy xay 5.57 the mill 5. no evidence for borrowing
cối 5.58 the mortar(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
chày 5.59 the pestle 5. no evidence for borrowing
thịt 5.61 the meat 5. no evidence for borrowing
lạp xưởng 5.63 the sausage 1. clearly borrowed
canh 5.64 the soup 5. no evidence for borrowing
xúp 5.64 the soup 2. probably borrowed
cháo 5.64 the soup 5. no evidence for borrowing
rau 5.65 the vegetables 5. no evidence for borrowing
đậu 5.66 the bean 1. clearly borrowed
khoai 5.7 the potato 5. no evidence for borrowing
quả 5.71 the fruit 2. probably borrowed
trái (1) 5.71 the fruit 5. no evidence for borrowing
chùm 5.712 the bunch 5. no evidence for borrowing
sung 5.75 the fig 5. no evidence for borrowing
nho 5.76 the grape 5. no evidence for borrowing
quả hạch 5.77 the nut 5. no evidence for borrowing
ôliu 5.78 the olive 1. clearly borrowed
dầu 5.79 the oil 2. probably borrowed
mỡ 5.791 the grease or fat 5. no evidence for borrowing
muối 5.81 the salt 5. no evidence for borrowing
tiêu 5.82 the pepper 1. clearly borrowed
ớt 5.821 the chili pepper 5. no evidence for borrowing
mật 5.84 the honey 1. clearly borrowed
đường (1) 5.85 the sugar 1. clearly borrowed
sữa 5.86 the milk 5. no evidence for borrowing
vắt sữa 5.87 to milk 5. no evidence for borrowing
phó mát 5.88 the cheese 1. clearly borrowed
bơ 5.89 the butter 1. clearly borrowed
đồ uống 5.9 the drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
rượu mật ong 5.91 the mead 5. no evidence for borrowing
vang 5.92 the wine 1. clearly borrowed
vin (French )
bia 5.93 the beer 5. no evidence for borrowing
rượu 5.94 the fermented drink 2. probably borrowed
trứng 5.97 the egg 5. no evidence for borrowing
lòng đỏ trứng 5.971 the yolk 5. no evidence for borrowing
bánh bột sắn 5.983 the manioc bread 5. no evidence for borrowing
đội (1) 6.11 to put on 2. probably borrowed
mặc 6.11 to put on 5. no evidence for borrowing
quần aó 6.12 the clothing or clothes 5. no evidence for borrowing
y phục 6.12 the clothing or clothes 1. clearly borrowed
thợ may 6.13 the tailor 5. no evidence for borrowing
vải 6.21 the cloth 5. no evidence for borrowing
len 6.22 the wool 5. no evidence for borrowing
(vải) lanh 6.23 the linen 2. probably borrowed
lin (French )
bông (1) 6.24 the cotton 5. no evidence for borrowing
tơ 6.25 the silk 1. clearly borrowed
nỉ 6.27 the felt 5. no evidence for borrowing
lông (2) 6.28 the fur 5. no evidence for borrowing
da thuộc 6.29 the leather 5. no evidence for borrowing
quay (2) 6.31 to spin 5. no evidence for borrowing
suốt 6.32 the spindle 5. no evidence for borrowing
đan 6.33 to weave 5. no evidence for borrowing
khung cửi dệt vải 6.34 the loom 5. no evidence for borrowing
may 6.35 to sew 5. no evidence for borrowing
kim 6.36 the needle(1) 3. perhaps borrowed
dùi/giùi 6.37 the awl 2. probably borrowed
chỉ (1) 6.38 the thread 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhuộm 6.39 to dye 5. no evidence for borrowing
aó choàng 6.41 the cloak 5. no evidence for borrowing
aó ponsô 6.411 the poncho 1. clearly borrowed
aó dài 6.42 the (woman's) dress 5. no evidence for borrowing
aó lạnh 6.43 the coat 5. no evidence for borrowing
aó sơ mi 6.44 the shirt 1. clearly borrowed
cổ aó 6.45 the collar 5. no evidence for borrowing
váy 6.46 the skirt 5. no evidence for borrowing
quần 6.48 the trousers 1. clearly borrowed
vớ 6.49 the sock or stocking 5. no evidence for borrowing
giày 6.51 the shoe 2. probably borrowed
giày ống 6.52 the boot 5. no evidence for borrowing
thợ đóng giày 6.54 the shoemaker 5. no evidence for borrowing
mũ 6.55 the hat or cap 2. probably borrowed
nón 6.55 the hat or cap 5. no evidence for borrowing
dây lưng 6.57 the belt 5. no evidence for borrowing
bao tay 6.58 the glove 5. no evidence for borrowing
mạng che mặt 6.59 the veil 5. no evidence for borrowing
túi 6.61 the pocket 3. perhaps borrowed
nút (1) 6.62 the button 5. no evidence for borrowing
ghim 6.63 the pin 2. probably borrowed
đồ trang trí 6.71 the ornament or adornment 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngọc đá qúy 6.72 the jewel 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhẫn 6.73 the ring 5. no evidence for borrowing
vòng tay 6.74 the bracelet 5. no evidence for borrowing
chuỗi hạt 6.75 the necklace 5. no evidence for borrowing
hạt (1) 6.76 the bead 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoa tai 6.77 the earring 5. no evidence for borrowing
băng buộc đầu 6.78 the headband or headdress 5. no evidence for borrowing
sự xăm hình 6.79 the tattoo 5. no evidence for borrowing
khăn tay 6.81 the handkerchief or rag 5. no evidence for borrowing
khăn 6.82 the towel 2. probably borrowed
lược 6.91 the comb 5. no evidence for borrowing
chải 6.92 the brush 5. no evidence for borrowing
dải viền 6.921 the plait/braid 5. no evidence for borrowing
dao cạo 6.93 the razor 5. no evidence for borrowing
thuốc mỡ 6.94 the ointment 5. no evidence for borrowing
xà phòng 6.95 the soap 1. clearly borrowed
gương 6.96 the mirror 2. probably borrowed
giày đi tuyết 6.98 the snowshoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
ở (1) 7.11 to live 3. perhaps borrowed
nhà 7.12 the house 5. no evidence for borrowing
túp lều 7.13 the hut 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhà vườn 7.131 the garden-house 5. no evidence for borrowing
lều 7.14 the tent 5. no evidence for borrowing
sân 7.15 the yard or court 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhà đàn ông 7.16 the men's house 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhà bếp 7.17 the cookhouse 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhà thờ 7.18 the meeting house 5. no evidence for borrowing
phòng 7.21 the room 1. clearly borrowed
buồng 7.21 the room 2. probably borrowed
cửa 7.22 the door or gate 5. no evidence for borrowing
gióng cửa 7.221 the doorpost 5. no evidence for borrowing
khóa 7.23 the lock 5. no evidence for borrowing
chốt cửa 7.231 the latch or door-bolt 5. no evidence for borrowing
khóa móc 7.232 the padlock 5. no evidence for borrowing
chìa (khoá) 7.24 the key 3. perhaps borrowed
cửa sổ 7.25 the window 5. no evidence for borrowing
sàn 7.26 the floor 5. no evidence for borrowing
tường 7.27 the wall 1. clearly borrowed
lò sưởi 7.31 the fireplace 5. no evidence for borrowing
lò 7.32 the stove 2. probably borrowed
ống khói 7.33 the chimney 5. no evidence for borrowing
thang 7.37 the ladder 5. no evidence for borrowing
giường 7.42 the bed 2. probably borrowed
gối 7.421 the pillow 5. no evidence for borrowing
mền 7.422 the blanket 5. no evidence for borrowing
ghế 7.43 the chair 2. probably borrowed
bàn 7.44 the table 2. probably borrowed
đuốc 7.45 the lamp or torch 2. probably borrowed
nến 7.46 the candle 5. no evidence for borrowing
giá (1) 7.47 the shelf 1. clearly borrowed
tủ 7.47 the shelf 5. no evidence for borrowing
máng ăn 7.48 the trough 5. no evidence for borrowing
mái nhà 7.51 the roof 5. no evidence for borrowing
tranh 7.52 the thatch 5. no evidence for borrowing
xà nóc 7.53 the ridgepole 5. no evidence for borrowing
rui 7.54 the rafter 5. no evidence for borrowing
xà 7.55 the beam 5. no evidence for borrowing
cột trụ 7.56 the post or pole 5. no evidence for borrowing
ván 7.57 the board 2. probably borrowed
cửa tò vò 7.58 the arch 5. no evidence for borrowing
thợ nề 7.61 the mason 5. no evidence for borrowing
gạch 7.62 the brick 5. no evidence for borrowing
vữa 7.63 the mortar(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
gạch sống 7.64 the adobe 5. no evidence for borrowing
trại 7.65 the camp 5. no evidence for borrowing
võng 7.66 the hammock 2. probably borrowed
thuộc (2) 7.67 to tan 5. no evidence for borrowing
nông dân 8.11 the farmer 1. clearly borrowed
đồng ruộng 8.12 the field 5. no evidence for borrowing
rẫy 8.12 the field 5. no evidence for borrowing
ruộng lúa 8.121 the paddy 5. no evidence for borrowing
vườn 8.13 the garden 2. probably borrowed
trồng trọt 8.15 to cultivate 5. no evidence for borrowing
rào 8.16 the fence 5. no evidence for borrowing
mương 8.17 the ditch 2. probably borrowed
cày 8.21 to plough/plow 2. probably borrowed
luống cày 8.212 the furrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
đào 8.22 to dig 5. no evidence for borrowing
pích 8.23 the spade 5. no evidence for borrowing
xẻng 8.24 the shovel 5. no evidence for borrowing
cuốc 8.25 the hoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
chĩa 8.26 the fork(2)/pitchfork 5. no evidence for borrowing
cào (2) 8.27 the rake 5. no evidence for borrowing
dây thòng lọng 8.29 the lasso 5. no evidence for borrowing
gieo 8.31 to sow 5. no evidence for borrowing
hạt (2) 8.311 the seed 5. no evidence for borrowing
cắt (2) 8.32 to mow 5. no evidence for borrowing
liềm 8.33 the sickle or scythe 2. probably borrowed
đập 8.34 to thresh 5. no evidence for borrowing
sân đập lúa 8.35 the threshing-floor 5. no evidence for borrowing
thu hoạch 8.41 the harvest 1. clearly borrowed
thóc lúa 8.42 the grain 5. no evidence for borrowing
lúa mì 8.43 the wheat 5. no evidence for borrowing
mạch 8.44 the barley 1. clearly borrowed
lúa mạch đen 8.45 the rye 5. no evidence for borrowing
yến mạch 8.46 the oats 1. clearly borrowed
ngô 8.47 the maize/corn 5. no evidence for borrowing
cơm 8.48 the rice 3. perhaps borrowed
gạo 8.48 the rice 5. no evidence for borrowing
lúa 8.48 the rice 5. no evidence for borrowing
cỏ 8.51 the grass 5. no evidence for borrowing
cỏ khô 8.52 the hay 5. no evidence for borrowing
thực vật 8.53 the plant 1. clearly borrowed
trồng 8.531 to plant 2. probably borrowed
rễ 8.54 the root 5. no evidence for borrowing
cành 8.55 the branch 5. no evidence for borrowing
lá 8.56 the leaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoa 8.57 the flower 1. clearly borrowed
bông (2) 8.57 the flower 5. no evidence for borrowing
cây 8.6 the tree 5. no evidence for borrowing
sồi 8.61 the oak 5. no evidence for borrowing
sồi 8.62 the beech 5. no evidence for borrowing
bulô 8.63 the birch 1. clearly borrowed
thông 8.64 the pine 1. clearly borrowed
thông 8.65 the fir 1. clearly borrowed
quả đấu 8.66 the acorn 5. no evidence for borrowing
cây nho 8.67 the vine 5. no evidence for borrowing
thuốc lá 8.68 the tobacco 5. no evidence for borrowing
hút thuốc 8.69 to smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
ống điếu 8.691 the pipe 5. no evidence for borrowing
gốc 8.72 the tree stump 5. no evidence for borrowing
gốc cây 8.73 the tree trunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
cánh hình chạc 8.74 the forked branch 5. no evidence for borrowing
vỏ 8.75 the bark 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhựa 8.76 the sap 5. no evidence for borrowing
cọ 8.81 the palm tree 5. no evidence for borrowing
dừa 8.82 the coconut 5. no evidence for borrowing
giống cam quít 8.83 the citrus fruit 5. no evidence for borrowing
chuối 8.84 the banana 5. no evidence for borrowing
si 8.85 the banyan 5. no evidence for borrowing
khoai lang 8.91 the sweet potato 5. no evidence for borrowing
kê 8.911 the millet or sorghum 5. no evidence for borrowing
khoai lang 8.912 the yam 5. no evidence for borrowing
sắn 8.92 the cassava/manioc 5. no evidence for borrowing
bí 8.93 the gourd 5. no evidence for borrowing
bí 8.931 the pumpkin or squash 5. no evidence for borrowing
tre 8.94 the bamboo 5. no evidence for borrowing
mía 8.941 the sugar cane 5. no evidence for borrowing
Thuốc độc cho con cá 8.96 the fish poison 5. no evidence for borrowing
tầm ma 8.97 the nettle 1. clearly borrowed
nấm 8.98 the mushroom 5. no evidence for borrowing
cây thông rụng lá 8.991 the larch 5. no evidence for borrowing
lá kim 8.993 the needle(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
trái thông 8.996 the cone 5. no evidence for borrowing
làm 9.11 to do 5. no evidence for borrowing
làm 9.111 to make 5. no evidence for borrowing
chế tạo 9.111 to make 1. clearly borrowed
làm việc 9.12 the work 5. no evidence for borrowing
uốn cong 9.14 to bend 5. no evidence for borrowing
gấp 9.15 to fold 5. no evidence for borrowing
buộc 9.16 to tie 2. probably borrowed
cởi 9.161 to untie 5. no evidence for borrowing
xích 9.18 the chain 5. no evidence for borrowing
dây 9.19 the rope 5. no evidence for borrowing
nút (2) 9.192 the knot 5. no evidence for borrowing
đánh 9.21 to strike or hit or beat 2. probably borrowed
đâm 9.211 to pound 5. no evidence for borrowing
đập 9.211 to pound 5. no evidence for borrowing
cắt (1) 9.22 to cut 5. no evidence for borrowing
đốn 9.221 to cut down 5. no evidence for borrowing
chặt 9.222 to chop 5. no evidence for borrowing
đâm 9.223 to stab 5. no evidence for borrowing
dao (2) 9.23 the knife(2) 2. probably borrowed
kéo (1) 9.24 the scissors or shears 5. no evidence for borrowing
rìu 9.25 the axe/ax 5. no evidence for borrowing
rìu lưỡi vòm 9.251 the adze 5. no evidence for borrowing
làm vỡ 9.26 to break 5. no evidence for borrowing
vỡ 9.261 broken 5. no evidence for borrowing
chẻ 9.27 to split 5. no evidence for borrowing
xé 9.28 to tear 5. no evidence for borrowing
lột da 9.29 to skin 5. no evidence for borrowing
chà 9.31 to rub 1. clearly borrowed
xát 9.31 to rub 5. no evidence for borrowing
lau 9.311 to wipe 5. no evidence for borrowing
kéo dài ra 9.32 to stretch 5. no evidence for borrowing
kéo (2) 9.33 to pull 5. no evidence for borrowing
trải 9.34 to spread out 5. no evidence for borrowing
treo 9.341 to hang up 5. no evidence for borrowing
ép 9.342 to press 2. probably borrowed
ép 9.343 to squeeze 2. probably borrowed
đổ 9.35 to pour 2. probably borrowed
rót 9.35 to pour 5. no evidence for borrowing
rửa 9.36 to wash 5. no evidence for borrowing
quét 9.37 to sweep 5. no evidence for borrowing
chổi 9.38 the broom 5. no evidence for borrowing
dụng cụ 9.422 the tool 1. clearly borrowed
thợ mộc 9.43 the carpenter 5. no evidence for borrowing
xây dựng 9.44 to build 5. no evidence for borrowing
khoan đào 9.46 to bore 5. no evidence for borrowing
làm rỗng 9.461 to hollow out 5. no evidence for borrowing
cưa 9.48 the saw 5. no evidence for borrowing
búa 9.49 the hammer 2. probably borrowed
đinh 9.5 the nail 1. clearly borrowed
keo 9.56 the glue 2. probably borrowed
thợ rèn 9.6 the blacksmith 5. no evidence for borrowing
rèn 9.61 to forge 2. probably borrowed
đe 9.62 the anvil 5. no evidence for borrowing
đổ khuôn 9.63 to cast 5. no evidence for borrowing
vàng 9.64 the gold 2. probably borrowed
bạc 9.65 the silver 2. probably borrowed
ngân 9.65 the silver 1. clearly borrowed
đồng 9.66 the copper 1. clearly borrowed
sắt 9.67 the iron 2. probably borrowed
chì 9.68 the lead 5. no evidence for borrowing
thiếc 9.69 the tin or tinplate 1. clearly borrowed
thợ gốm 9.71 the potter 5. no evidence for borrowing
đúc 9.72 to mould/mold 5. no evidence for borrowing
sét 9.73 the clay 5. no evidence for borrowing
kính (1) 9.74 the glass 3. perhaps borrowed
dệt 9.75 to weave or plait/braid 5. no evidence for borrowing
rổ 9.76 the basket 5. no evidence for borrowing
nong 9.76 the basket 2. probably borrowed
chiếu (1) 9.77 the mat 5. no evidence for borrowing
thảm 9.771 the rug 1. clearly borrowed
quạt (1) 9.79 the fan 5. no evidence for borrowing
quạt (2) 9.791 to fan 5. no evidence for borrowing
khắc 9.81 to carve 1. clearly borrowed
vạc 9.81 to carve 2. probably borrowed
thợ chạm 9.82 the sculptor 5. no evidence for borrowing
tượng 9.83 the statue 1. clearly borrowed
đục 9.84 the chisel 5. no evidence for borrowing
bumơrang 9.87 the boomerang 1. clearly borrowed
sơn 9.88 the paint 5. no evidence for borrowing
vẽ 9.89 to paint 2. probably borrowed
xách 9.9 to draw water 5. no evidence for borrowing
chốt 9.91 the peg 5. no evidence for borrowing
đá mài 9.93 the whetstone 5. no evidence for borrowing
chuyển 10.11 to move 1. clearly borrowed
quay (2) 10.12 to turn 5. no evidence for borrowing
quay vòng 10.13 to turn around 5. no evidence for borrowing
gói 10.14 to wrap 2. probably borrowed
cuốn 10.15 to roll 2. probably borrowed
bỏ xuống 10.16 to drop 5. no evidence for borrowing
cuộn 10.17 to twist 3. perhaps borrowed
lên 10.21 to rise 5. no evidence for borrowing
nâng 10.22 to raise or lift 5. no evidence for borrowing
rơi 10.23 to fall 5. no evidence for borrowing
chảy nhỏ giọt 10.24 to drip 5. no evidence for borrowing
vứt 10.25 to throw 5. no evidence for borrowing
bắt 10.252 to catch 5. no evidence for borrowing
làm rung 10.26 to shake 5. no evidence for borrowing
chảy 10.32 to flow 5. no evidence for borrowing
chìm 10.33 to sink 5. no evidence for borrowing
trầm 10.33 to sink 5. no evidence for borrowing
nổi 10.34 to float 5. no evidence for borrowing
lội 10.35 to swim 3. perhaps borrowed
bơi 10.35 to swim 5. no evidence for borrowing
lặn 10.351 to dive 5. no evidence for borrowing
té 10.352 to splash 5. no evidence for borrowing
đi tàu thủy 10.36 to sail 5. no evidence for borrowing
bay 10.37 to fly 5. no evidence for borrowing
thổi 10.38 to blow 5. no evidence for borrowing
bò (2) 10.41 to crawl 5. no evidence for borrowing
quì 10.412 to kneel 2. probably borrowed
ngồi xổm 10.413 to crouch 5. no evidence for borrowing
trượt 10.42 to slide or slip 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhảy 10.43 to jump 5. no evidence for borrowing
đá (3) 10.431 to kick 5. no evidence for borrowing
khiễu vũ 10.44 to dance 1. clearly borrowed
nhảy 10.44 to dance 5. no evidence for borrowing
đi bộ 10.45 to walk 5. no evidence for borrowing
khập khiễng 10.451 to limp 5. no evidence for borrowing
chạy 10.46 to run 5. no evidence for borrowing
đi 10.47 to go 5. no evidence for borrowing
lên 10.471 to go up 5. no evidence for borrowing
leo 10.472 to climb 5. no evidence for borrowing
xuống 10.473 to go down 5. no evidence for borrowing
ra 10.474 to go out 5. no evidence for borrowing
đến 10.48 to come 5. no evidence for borrowing
lại (1) 10.48 to come 3. perhaps borrowed
về 10.481 to come back 2. probably borrowed
rời 10.49 to leave 5. no evidence for borrowing
biến mất 10.491 to disappear 5. no evidence for borrowing
trốn 10.51 to flee 5. no evidence for borrowing
theo 10.52 to follow 5. no evidence for borrowing
đuổi (2) 10.53 to pursue 5. no evidence for borrowing
đến 10.55 to arrive 5. no evidence for borrowing
đến gần 10.56 to approach 5. no evidence for borrowing
vào 10.57 to enter 5. no evidence for borrowing
về nhà 10.58 to go or return home 5. no evidence for borrowing
mang 10.61 to carry 5. no evidence for borrowing
mang 10.612 to carry in hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
vác 10.613 to carry on shoulder 5. no evidence for borrowing
đội (2) 10.614 to carry on head 1. clearly borrowed
cắp 10.615 to carry under the arm 5. no evidence for borrowing
đem 10.62 to bring 5. no evidence for borrowing
gửi 10.63 to send 2. probably borrowed
dẫn 10.64 to lead 1. clearly borrowed
lái 10.65 to drive 5. no evidence for borrowing
cưỡi 10.66 to ride 2. probably borrowed
đáp 10.66 to ride 1. clearly borrowed
xô 10.67 to push 5. no evidence for borrowing
đường (2) 10.71 the road 5. no evidence for borrowing
đường nhỏ 10.72 the path 5. no evidence for borrowing
cầu (1) 10.74 the bridge 5. no evidence for borrowing
xe 10.75 the cart or wagon 2. probably borrowed
bánh 10.76 the wheel 5. no evidence for borrowing
trục 10.77 the axle 5. no evidence for borrowing
ách 10.78 the yoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
xe trượt tuyết 10.79 the sledge/sled 5. no evidence for borrowing
tàu thủy 10.81 the ship 5. no evidence for borrowing
thuyền 10.83 the boat 1. clearly borrowed
tàu 10.83 the boat 5. no evidence for borrowing
xuồng 10.831 the canoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
móc chèo 10.832 the outrigger 5. no evidence for borrowing
bè 10.84 the raft 5. no evidence for borrowing
chèo (1) 10.85 the oar 2. probably borrowed
mái chèo 10.851 the paddle 5. no evidence for borrowing
chèo (2) 10.852 to row 2. probably borrowed
bánh lái 10.86 the rudder 5. no evidence for borrowing
cột buồm 10.87 the mast 5. no evidence for borrowing
buồm 10.88 the sail 2. probably borrowed
neo 10.89 the anchor 5. no evidence for borrowing
cảng 10.91 the port 1. clearly borrowed
hạ cánh 10.92 to land 5. no evidence for borrowing
có 11.11 to have 5. no evidence for borrowing
chiếm hữu 11.12 to own 1. clearly borrowed
lấy (2) 11.13 to take 5. no evidence for borrowing
nắm 11.14 to grasp 5. no evidence for borrowing
cầm 11.15 to hold 5. no evidence for borrowing
được 11.16 to get 2. probably borrowed
giữ 11.17 to keep 5. no evidence for borrowing
đồ 11.18 the thing 5. no evidence for borrowing
cho 11.21 to give 5. no evidence for borrowing
trả 11.22 to give back 5. no evidence for borrowing
bảo quản 11.24 to preserve 1. clearly borrowed
cứu 11.25 to rescue 1. clearly borrowed
phá hoại 11.27 to destroy 1. clearly borrowed
hại 11.28 to injure 1. clearly borrowed
làm hư hại 11.29 to damage 5. no evidence for borrowing
tìm 11.31 to look for 5. no evidence for borrowing
tìm thấy 11.32 to find 5. no evidence for borrowing
mất 11.33 to lose 5. no evidence for borrowing
buông 11.34 to let go 2. probably borrowed
tiền 11.43 the money 1. clearly borrowed
đồng tiền 11.44 the coin 5. no evidence for borrowing
giàu 11.51 rich 5. no evidence for borrowing
nghèo 11.52 poor 5. no evidence for borrowing
người ăn mày 11.53 the beggar 5. no evidence for borrowing
keo kiệt 11.54 stingy 5. no evidence for borrowing
cho vay 11.61 to lend 5. no evidence for borrowing
vay 11.62 to borrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
nợ (1) 11.63 to owe 5. no evidence for borrowing
nợ (2) 11.64 the debt 5. no evidence for borrowing
trả tiền 11.65 to pay 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoá đơn 11.66 the bill 1. clearly borrowed
thuế 11.69 the tax 1. clearly borrowed
thuê 11.77 to hire 3. perhaps borrowed
tiền công 11.78 the wages 1. clearly borrowed
thu 11.79 to earn 1. clearly borrowed
mua 11.81 to buy 5. no evidence for borrowing
bán 11.82 to sell 2. probably borrowed
buôn bán 11.83 to trade or barter 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhà buôn 11.84 the merchant 5. no evidence for borrowing
chợ 11.85 the market 2. probably borrowed
cửa hàng 11.86 the shop/store 5. no evidence for borrowing
giá (2) 11.87 the price 1. clearly borrowed
đắt 11.88 expensive 5. no evidence for borrowing
rẻ 11.89 cheap 5. no evidence for borrowing
chia (1) 11.91 to share 5. no evidence for borrowing
cân 11.92 to weigh 5. no evidence for borrowing
sau 12.01 after 5. no evidence for borrowing
sau 12.011 behind 5. no evidence for borrowing
trong (1) 12.012 in 4. very little evidence for borrowing
tại (1) 12.013 at 1. clearly borrowed
ở (2) 12.013 at 3. perhaps borrowed
bên cạnh 12.02 beside 5. no evidence for borrowing
xuống 12.03 down 5. no evidence for borrowing
trước 12.04 before 5. no evidence for borrowing
trước 12.041 in front of 5. no evidence for borrowing
trong (1) 12.05 inside 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ngoài 12.06 outside 2. probably borrowed
dưới 12.07 under 5. no evidence for borrowing
lên (2) 12.08 up 5. no evidence for borrowing
trên 12.081 above 5. no evidence for borrowing
nơi 12.11 the place 5. no evidence for borrowing
chỗ 12.11 the place 3. perhaps borrowed
để 12.12 to put 3. perhaps borrowed
ngồi 12.13 to sit 5. no evidence for borrowing
nằm 12.14 to lie down 5. no evidence for borrowing
đứng 12.15 to stand 5. no evidence for borrowing
lưu (lại) 12.16 to remain 1. clearly borrowed
đồ thừa 12.17 the remains 5. no evidence for borrowing
thu thập 12.21 to gather 1. clearly borrowed
nhặt 12.212 to pick up 5. no evidence for borrowing
chất 12.213 to pile up 5. no evidence for borrowing
nối 12.22 to join 5. no evidence for borrowing
tách 12.23 to separate 5. no evidence for borrowing
chia (2) 12.232 to divide 5. no evidence for borrowing
mở 12.24 to open 5. no evidence for borrowing
đóng 12.25 to shut 5. no evidence for borrowing
che 12.26 to cover 5. no evidence for borrowing
giấu 12.27 to hide 5. no evidence for borrowing
cao (1) 12.31 high 1. clearly borrowed
thấp 12.32 low 5. no evidence for borrowing
đỉnh 12.33 the top 1. clearly borrowed
đáy 12.34 the bottom 2. probably borrowed
cuối 12.35 the end(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhọn 12.352 pointed 5. no evidence for borrowing
bên (2) 12.353 the edge 2. probably borrowed
bên (1) 12.36 the side 2. probably borrowed
giữa 12.37 the middle 5. no evidence for borrowing
phải 12.41 right(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
trái (2) 12.42 left 5. no evidence for borrowing
gần 12.43 near 2. probably borrowed
xa 12.44 far 5. no evidence for borrowing
đông (2) 12.45 the east 1. clearly borrowed
tây 12.46 the west 1. clearly borrowed
bắc 12.47 the north 1. clearly borrowed
nam 12.48 the south 1. clearly borrowed
lớn lên 12.53 to grow 5. no evidence for borrowing
đo 12.54 to measure 5. no evidence for borrowing
sải 12.541 the fathom 5. no evidence for borrowing
to (1) 12.55 big 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhỏ 12.56 small 5. no evidence for borrowing
dài 12.57 long 5. no evidence for borrowing
cao (2) 12.58 tall 1. clearly borrowed
ngắn 12.59 short 5. no evidence for borrowing
rộng 12.61 wide 5. no evidence for borrowing
hẹp 12.62 narrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
dày 12.63 thick 5. no evidence for borrowing
mỏng 12.65 thin 5. no evidence for borrowing
sâu 12.67 deep 5. no evidence for borrowing
nông 12.68 shallow 5. no evidence for borrowing
bằng 12.71 flat 2. probably borrowed
thẳng 12.73 straight 5. no evidence for borrowing
cong 12.74 crooked 5. no evidence for borrowing
móc 12.75 the hook 5. no evidence for borrowing
góc 12.76 the corner 5. no evidence for borrowing
chữ thập 12.77 the cross 5. no evidence for borrowing
vuông 12.78 the square 2. probably borrowed
tròn 12.81 round 5. no evidence for borrowing
vòng 12.82 the circle 5. no evidence for borrowing
bóng (2) 12.83 the ball 5. no evidence for borrowing
hàng 12.84 the line 1. clearly borrowed
lỗ 12.85 the hole 5. no evidence for borrowing
tương tự 12.92 similar 1. clearly borrowed
đổi 12.93 to change 5. no evidence for borrowing
biến 12.93 to change 1. clearly borrowed
số không 13 zero 5. no evidence for borrowing
một 13.01 one 5. no evidence for borrowing
hai 13.02 two 5. no evidence for borrowing
ba 13.03 three 5. no evidence for borrowing
bốn 13.04 four 5. no evidence for borrowing
năm (1) 13.05 five 5. no evidence for borrowing
sáu 13.06 six 5. no evidence for borrowing
bảy 13.07 seven 5. no evidence for borrowing
tám 13.08 eight 5. no evidence for borrowing
chín (3) 13.09 nine 5. no evidence for borrowing
mười 13.1 ten 5. no evidence for borrowing
mười một 13.101 eleven 5. no evidence for borrowing
mười hai 13.102 twelve 5. no evidence for borrowing
mười lăm 13.103 fifteen 5. no evidence for borrowing
hai mươi 13.104 twenty 5. no evidence for borrowing
trăm 13.105 a hundred 5. no evidence for borrowing
nghìn 13.106 a thousand 5. no evidence for borrowing
đếm 13.107 to count 5. no evidence for borrowing
toàn bộ 13.14 all 1. clearly borrowed
tất cả 13.14 all 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhiều 13.15 many 5. no evidence for borrowing
nữa 13.16 more 5. no evidence for borrowing
ít 13.17 few 5. no evidence for borrowing
đủ 13.18 enough 3. perhaps borrowed
một vài 13.181 some 5. no evidence for borrowing
quần chúng 13.19 the crowd 1. clearly borrowed
đầy 13.21 full 5. no evidence for borrowing
trống (1) 13.22 empty 5. no evidence for borrowing
bộ phận 13.23 the part 1. clearly borrowed
mảnh 13.231 the piece 5. no evidence for borrowing
nửa 13.24 the half 5. no evidence for borrowing
chỉ (2) 13.33 only 1. clearly borrowed
một mình 13.331 alone 5. no evidence for borrowing
đầu tiên 13.34 first 1. clearly borrowed
cuối cùng 13.35 last 5. no evidence for borrowing
thứ hai 13.36 second 5. no evidence for borrowing
đôi 13.37 the pair 2. probably borrowed
hai lần 13.38 twice/two times 5. no evidence for borrowing
thứ ba 13.42 third 5. no evidence for borrowing
ba lần 13.44 three times 5. no evidence for borrowing
thời gian 14.11 the time 1. clearly borrowed
tuổi 14.12 the age 2. probably borrowed
mới 14.13 new 5. no evidence for borrowing
trẻ 14.14 young 5. no evidence for borrowing
già 14.15 old 5. no evidence for borrowing
cũ 14.15 old 2. probably borrowed
sớm 14.16 early 5. no evidence for borrowing
muộn (2) 14.17 late 2. probably borrowed
hiện tại 14.18 now 1. clearly borrowed
bây giờ 14.18 now 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngay 14.19 immediately 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhanh 14.21 fast 5. no evidence for borrowing
chậm 14.22 slow 5. no evidence for borrowing
vội 14.23 to hurry 5. no evidence for borrowing
muộn (1) 14.24 to be late 2. probably borrowed
bắt đầu 14.25 to begin 5. no evidence for borrowing
lúc bắt đầu 14.251 the beginning 5. no evidence for borrowing
tồn tại 14.252 to last 1. clearly borrowed
sự kết thúc 14.26 the end(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kết thúc 14.27 to finish 1. clearly borrowed
ngừng 14.28 to cease 5. no evidence for borrowing
sẵn sàng 14.29 ready 5. no evidence for borrowing
chuẩn bị 14.29 ready 1. clearly borrowed
luôn luôn 14.31 always 5. no evidence for borrowing
thường 14.32 often 1. clearly borrowed
đôi khi 14.33 sometimes 5. no evidence for borrowing
tí nửa 14.331 soon 5. no evidence for borrowing
lâu 14.332 for a long time 5. no evidence for borrowing
không bao giờ 14.34 never 5. no evidence for borrowing
lại (2) 14.35 again 5. no evidence for borrowing
ban ngày 14.41 the day(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngày 14.411 the day(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
đêm 14.42 the night 5. no evidence for borrowing
bình minh 14.43 the dawn 1. clearly borrowed
buổi sáng 14.44 the morning 5. no evidence for borrowing
buổi trưa 14.45 the midday 5. no evidence for borrowing
buổi chiều 14.451 the afternoon 5. no evidence for borrowing
buổi tối 14.46 the evening 5. no evidence for borrowing
hôm nay 14.47 today 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngày mai 14.48 tomorrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngày kia 14.481 the day after tomorrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
hôm qua 14.49 yesterday 5. no evidence for borrowing
hôm kia 14.491 the day before yesterday 5. no evidence for borrowing
tiếng (1) 14.51 the hour 5. no evidence for borrowing
đồng hồ 14.53 the clock 5. no evidence for borrowing
tuần lễ 14.61 the week 5. no evidence for borrowing
chủ nhật 14.62 Sunday 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngày thứ hai 14.63 Monday 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngày thứ ba 14.64 Tuesday 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngày thứ tư 14.65 Wednesday 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngày thứ năm 14.66 Thursday 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngày thứ sáu 14.67 Friday 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngày thứ bảy 14.68 Saturday 5. no evidence for borrowing
tháng 14.71 the month 5. no evidence for borrowing
năm (2) 14.73 the year 5. no evidence for borrowing
(mùa) đông 14.74 the winter 1. clearly borrowed
(mùa) xuân 14.75 the spring(2) 1. clearly borrowed
(mùa) hẹ 14.76 the summer 1. clearly borrowed
(mùa) thu 14.77 the autumn/fall 1. clearly borrowed
mùa 14.78 the season 2. probably borrowed
có mùi 15.21 to smell(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngửi 15.212 to sniff 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngửi 15.22 to smell(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
thơm 15.25 fragrant 5. no evidence for borrowing
thúi 15.26 stinking 5. no evidence for borrowing
có vị 15.31 to taste 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngọt 15.35 sweet 5. no evidence for borrowing
mặn 15.36 salty 5. no evidence for borrowing
đắng 15.37 bitter 5. no evidence for borrowing
chua 15.38 sour 5. no evidence for borrowing
hơi mặn 15.39 brackish 5. no evidence for borrowing
nghe 15.41 to hear 5. no evidence for borrowing
nghe 15.42 to listen 5. no evidence for borrowing
âm thanh 15.44 the sound or noise 1. clearly borrowed
to (2) 15.45 loud 5. no evidence for borrowing
im 15.46 quiet 5. no evidence for borrowing
thấy 15.51 to see 2. probably borrowed
nhìn 15.52 to look 5. no evidence for borrowing
cho xem 15.55 to show 5. no evidence for borrowing
chiếu (2) 15.56 to shine 5. no evidence for borrowing
sáng 15.57 bright 5. no evidence for borrowing
màu 15.61 the colour/color 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhạt 15.62 light(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
sẫm 15.63 dark 5. no evidence for borrowing
trắng 15.64 white 5. no evidence for borrowing
đen 15.65 black 5. no evidence for borrowing
đỏ 15.66 red 5. no evidence for borrowing
xanh 15.67 blue 1. clearly borrowed
xanh lá cây 15.68 green 5. no evidence for borrowing
vàng 15.69 yellow 2. probably borrowed
mó 15.71 to touch 2. probably borrowed
sờ 15.71 to touch 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngắt 15.712 to pinch 5. no evidence for borrowing
mó 15.72 to feel 2. probably borrowed
cứng 15.74 hard 5. no evidence for borrowing
mềm 15.75 soft 5. no evidence for borrowing
ráp 15.76 rough(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhẵn 15.77 smooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
sắc 15.78 sharp 5. no evidence for borrowing
cùn 15.79 blunt 5. no evidence for borrowing
nặng 15.81 heavy 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhẹ 15.82 light(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ướt 15.83 wet 5. no evidence for borrowing
khô 15.84 dry 5. no evidence for borrowing
nóng 15.85 hot 5. no evidence for borrowing
ấm (2) 15.851 warm 5. no evidence for borrowing
lạnh 15.86 cold 2. probably borrowed
sạch 15.87 clean 5. no evidence for borrowing
bẩn 15.88 dirty 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhăn 15.89 wrinkled 5. no evidence for borrowing
linh hồn 16.11 the soul or spirit 1. clearly borrowed
ngạc nhiên 16.15 surprised or astonished 1. clearly borrowed
vận may 16.18 the good luck 5. no evidence for borrowing
vận rủi 16.19 the bad luck 5. no evidence for borrowing
vui 16.23 happy 5. no evidence for borrowing
cười 16.25 to laugh 5. no evidence for borrowing
mỉm 16.251 to smile 5. no evidence for borrowing
chơi 16.26 to play 5. no evidence for borrowing
yêu 16.27 to love 2. probably borrowed
hôn 16.29 to kiss 5. no evidence for borrowing
ôm 16.3 to embrace 5. no evidence for borrowing
đau 16.31 the pain 5. no evidence for borrowing
nỗi đau buồn 16.32 the grief 5. no evidence for borrowing
mối lo 16.33 the anxiety 5. no evidence for borrowing
tiếc 16.34 to regret or be sorry 2. probably borrowed
lòng trắc ẩn 16.35 the pity 5. no evidence for borrowing
khóc 16.37 to cry 2. probably borrowed
lệ 16.38 the tear 1. clearly borrowed
rên 16.39 to groan 5. no evidence for borrowing
ghét 16.41 to hate 5. no evidence for borrowing
sự tức giận 16.42 the anger 5. no evidence for borrowing
lòng ghen 16.44 the envy or jealousy 5. no evidence for borrowing
sự xấu hộ 16.45 the shame 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiêu ngạo 16.48 proud 1. clearly borrowed
dám 16.51 to dare 5. no evidence for borrowing
can đảm 16.52 brave 1. clearly borrowed
sự sợ 16.53 the fear 5. no evidence for borrowing
sự nguy hiểm 16.54 the danger 1. clearly borrowed
muốn 16.62 to want 5. no evidence for borrowing
chọn 16.622 to choose 5. no evidence for borrowing
hy vọng 16.63 to hope 1. clearly borrowed
mong 16.63 to hope 3. perhaps borrowed
trung thành 16.65 faithful 1. clearly borrowed
thật 16.66 true 2. probably borrowed
nói dối 16.67 to lie(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
sự lừa dối 16.68 the deceit 5. no evidence for borrowing
tha 16.69 to forgive 3. perhaps borrowed
tốt 16.71 good 5. no evidence for borrowing
xấu (1) 16.72 bad 5. no evidence for borrowing
đúng 16.73 right(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
sai 16.74 wrong 5. no evidence for borrowing
lỗi 16.76 the fault 5. no evidence for borrowing
lỗi 16.77 the mistake 5. no evidence for borrowing
sự khiển trách 16.78 the blame 1. clearly borrowed
sự ca ngợi 16.79 the praise 5. no evidence for borrowing
đẹp 16.81 beautiful 5. no evidence for borrowing
xấu (2) 16.82 ugly 5. no evidence for borrowing
tham 16.83 greedy 1. clearly borrowed
thông minh 16.84 clever 1. clearly borrowed
tâm trí 17.11 the mind 1. clearly borrowed
suy nghĩ 17.13 to think(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
tưởng 17.14 to think(2) 1. clearly borrowed
tin 17.15 to believe 2. probably borrowed
hiểu 17.16 to understand 1. clearly borrowed
biết 17.17 to know 5. no evidence for borrowing
đoán 17.171 to guess 5. no evidence for borrowing
bắt chước 17.172 to imitate 5. no evidence for borrowing
hình như 17.18 to seem 5. no evidence for borrowing
ý kiến 17.19 the idea 1. clearly borrowed
khôn 17.21 wise 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngu 17.22 stupid 5. no evidence for borrowing
diên cuồng 17.23 mad 1. clearly borrowed
học 17.24 to learn 1. clearly borrowed
học 17.242 to study 1. clearly borrowed
dạy 17.25 to teach 5. no evidence for borrowing
học sinh 17.26 the pupil 1. clearly borrowed
giáo viên 17.27 the teacher 1. clearly borrowed
thầy 17.27 the teacher 5. no evidence for borrowing
trường học 17.28 the school 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhớ 17.31 to remember 5. no evidence for borrowing
quên 17.32 to forget 5. no evidence for borrowing
trong (2) 17.34 clear 5. no evidence for borrowing
mờ 17.35 obscure 5. no evidence for borrowing
bí mật 17.36 secret 1. clearly borrowed
chắc 17.37 certain 5. no evidence for borrowing
giảng giải 17.38 to explain 1. clearly borrowed
mục dích 17.41 the intention 1. clearly borrowed
nguyên nhân 17.42 the cause 1. clearly borrowed
sự nghi ngờ 17.43 the doubt 5. no evidence for borrowing
nghi 17.44 to suspect 1. clearly borrowed
phản bội 17.441 to betray 1. clearly borrowed
sự cấn 17.45 the need or necessity 5. no evidence for borrowing
dễ 17.46 easy 2. probably borrowed
khó 17.47 difficult 2. probably borrowed
thử 17.48 to try 2. probably borrowed
cách 17.49 the manner 5. no evidence for borrowing
và 17.51 and 2. probably borrowed
vì 17.52 because 2. probably borrowed
tại (2) 17.52 because 1. clearly borrowed
nếu 17.53 if 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoặc 17.54 or 1. clearly borrowed
không 17.56 no 2. probably borrowed
sao (2) 17.61 how? 5. no evidence for borrowing
mấy 17.62 how many? 5. no evidence for borrowing
bao nhiêu 17.63 how much? 5. no evidence for borrowing
gì 17.64 what? 5. no evidence for borrowing
khi nào 17.65 when? 5. no evidence for borrowing
đâu 17.66 where? 5. no evidence for borrowing
nào 17.67 which? 5. no evidence for borrowing
ai 17.68 who? 5. no evidence for borrowing
tại sao 17.69 why? 5. no evidence for borrowing
tiếng (2) 18.11 the voice 3. perhaps borrowed
hát 18.12 to sing 5. no evidence for borrowing
la (2) 18.13 to shout 5. no evidence for borrowing
xì xào 18.15 to whisper 5. no evidence for borrowing
lẩm bẩm 18.16 to mumble 5. no evidence for borrowing
húyt sáo 18.17 to whistle 5. no evidence for borrowing
la 18.18 to shriek 5. no evidence for borrowing
hú 18.19 to howl 5. no evidence for borrowing
nói 18.21 to speak or talk 5. no evidence for borrowing
nói lắp 18.211 to stutter or stammer 5. no evidence for borrowing
nói 18.22 to say 5. no evidence for borrowing
cho biết 18.221 to tell 5. no evidence for borrowing
diễn văn 18.222 the speech 5. no evidence for borrowing
im 18.23 to be silent 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngôn ngữ 18.24 the language 1. clearly borrowed
từ 18.26 the word 1. clearly borrowed
chữ 18.26 the word 2. probably borrowed
tên (1) 18.28 the name 5. no evidence for borrowing
hỏi 18.31 to ask(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
trả lời 18.32 to answer 5. no evidence for borrowing
thừa nhận 18.33 to admit 1. clearly borrowed
phủ nhận 18.34 to deny 1. clearly borrowed
xin 18.35 to ask(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
hứa 18.36 to promise 1. clearly borrowed
thề 18.36 to promise 2. probably borrowed
từ chối 18.37 to refuse 5. no evidence for borrowing
cấm 18.38 to forbid 1. clearly borrowed
mắng 18.39 to scold 5. no evidence for borrowing
kêu 18.41 to call(1) 2. probably borrowed
gọi 18.42 to call(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
báo (1) 18.43 to announce 1. clearly borrowed
đe doạ 18.44 to threaten 5. no evidence for borrowing
khoe 18.45 to boast 2. probably borrowed
viết 18.51 to write 2. probably borrowed
đọc 18.52 to read 2. probably borrowed
giấy 18.56 the paper 2. probably borrowed
bút 18.57 the pen 1. clearly borrowed
sách 18.61 the book 1. clearly borrowed
thi nhân 18.67 the poet 1. clearly borrowed
nhà thơ 18.67 the poet 5. no evidence for borrowing
sáo 18.71 the flute 5. no evidence for borrowing
trống (2) 18.72 the drum 5. no evidence for borrowing
kèn 18.73 the horn or trumpet 5. no evidence for borrowing
trống lắc 18.74 the rattle 5. no evidence for borrowing
quốc gia 19.11 the country 1. clearly borrowed
tổ quốc 19.12 the native country 1. clearly borrowed
thành thị 19.15 the town 1. clearly borrowed
thành phố 19.15 the town 5. no evidence for borrowing
thôn 19.16 the village 1. clearly borrowed
biên giới 19.17 the boundary 1. clearly borrowed
dân tộc 19.21 the people 1. clearly borrowed
thị tộc 19.23 the clan 1. clearly borrowed
thủ lĩnh 19.24 the chieftain 1. clearly borrowed
gậy 19.25 the walking stick 5. no evidence for borrowing
thống trị 19.31 to rule or govern 1. clearly borrowed
vua 19.32 the king 3. perhaps borrowed
vương 19.32 the king 1. clearly borrowed
hoàng đế 19.32 the king 1. clearly borrowed
nữ hoàng 19.33 the queen 1. clearly borrowed
qúy tộc 19.36 the noble 1. clearly borrowed
công dân 19.37 the citizen 1. clearly borrowed
chủ 19.41 the master 1. clearly borrowed
chúa (1) 19.41 the master 2. probably borrowed
nô lệ 19.42 the slave 1. clearly borrowed
người ở 19.43 the servant 5. no evidence for borrowing
tự do 19.44 the freeman 1. clearly borrowed
giải phóng 19.445 to liberate 1. clearly borrowed
mệnh lệnh 19.45 to command or order 1. clearly borrowed
tuân (theo) 19.46 to obey 5. no evidence for borrowing
cho phép 19.47 to permit 5. no evidence for borrowing
bạn 19.51 the friend 1. clearly borrowed
kẻ thù 19.52 the enemy 5. no evidence for borrowing
hàng xóm 19.54 the neighbour 5. no evidence for borrowing
người lạ 19.55 the stranger 5. no evidence for borrowing
khách 19.56 the guest 1. clearly borrowed
mời 19.565 to invite 5. no evidence for borrowing
chủ nhà 19.57 the host 5. no evidence for borrowing
giúp 19.58 to help 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngăn 19.59 to prevent 5. no evidence for borrowing
phong tục 19.61 the custom 1. clearly borrowed
sự cãi nhau 19.62 the quarrel 5. no evidence for borrowing
âm mưu 19.63 the plot 1. clearly borrowed
gặp 19.65 to meet 5. no evidence for borrowing
đĩ 19.72 the prostitute 5. no evidence for borrowing
chiến đấu 20.11 to fight 1. clearly borrowed
chiến tranh 20.13 the war or battle 1. clearly borrowed
hoà bình 20.14 the peace 1. clearly borrowed
quân đội 20.15 the army 1. clearly borrowed
quân nhân 20.17 the soldier 1. clearly borrowed
vũ khí 20.21 the weapons 1. clearly borrowed
dùi 20.22 the club 3. perhaps borrowed
rìu chiến 20.222 the battle-axe 5. no evidence for borrowing
ná bắn đá 20.23 the sling 5. no evidence for borrowing
cung 20.24 the bow 1. clearly borrowed
tên (2) 20.25 the arrow 2. probably borrowed
giáo 20.26 the spear 5. no evidence for borrowing
gươm 20.27 the sword 2. probably borrowed
súng 20.28 the gun 3. perhaps borrowed
vỏ sắt 20.31 the armour 5. no evidence for borrowing
mũ sắt 20.33 the helmet 5. no evidence for borrowing
khiên 20.34 the shield 5. no evidence for borrowing
pháo đài 20.35 the fortress 1. clearly borrowed
tháp 20.36 the tower 1. clearly borrowed
chiến thắng 20.41 the victory 1. clearly borrowed
thất bại 20.42 the defeat 1. clearly borrowed
tấn công 20.43 the attack 1. clearly borrowed
bảo vệ 20.44 to defend 1. clearly borrowed
rút lui 20.45 to retreat 5. no evidence for borrowing
đầu hàng 20.46 to surrender 1. clearly borrowed
tù phạm 20.47 the captive or prisoner 1. clearly borrowed
người bảo vệ 20.471 the guard 5. no evidence for borrowing
chiến lợi phẩm 20.48 the booty 1. clearly borrowed
phục kích 20.49 the ambush 1. clearly borrowed
người bắt cá 20.51 the fisherman 5. no evidence for borrowing
lưỡi câu 20.52 the fishhook 5. no evidence for borrowing
dây câu 20.53 the fishing line 5. no evidence for borrowing
lưới đánh cá 20.54 the fishnet 5. no evidence for borrowing
bẫy cá 20.55 the fish trap 5. no evidence for borrowing
mồi 20.56 the bait 5. no evidence for borrowing
săn 20.61 to hunt 5. no evidence for borrowing
bắn 20.62 to shoot 5. no evidence for borrowing
trệch 20.63 to miss 5. no evidence for borrowing
bẫy (1) 20.64 the trap 5. no evidence for borrowing
bẫy (2) 20.65 to trap 5. no evidence for borrowing
pháp luật 21.11 the law 1. clearly borrowed
pháp viện 21.15 the court 1. clearly borrowed
phân xử 21.16 to adjudicate 5. no evidence for borrowing
phán quyết 21.17 the judgment 1. clearly borrowed
quan tòa 21.18 the judge 5. no evidence for borrowing
nguyên cáo 21.21 the plaintiff 1. clearly borrowed
bị cáo 21.22 the defendant 1. clearly borrowed
người chứng kiến 21.23 the witness 5. no evidence for borrowing
thề 21.24 to swear 2. probably borrowed
lời thề 21.25 the oath 5. no evidence for borrowing
tố cáo 21.31 to accuse 1. clearly borrowed
kết án 21.32 to condemn 1. clearly borrowed
kết án 21.33 to convict 1. clearly borrowed
tha bổng 21.34 to acquit 5. no evidence for borrowing
phạm tội 21.35 guilty 1. clearly borrowed
có phạm 21.35 guilty 5. no evidence for borrowing
vô tội 21.36 innocent 1. clearly borrowed
hình phạt 21.37 the penalty or punishment 1. clearly borrowed
tiền phạt 21.38 the fine 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhà tù 21.39 the prison 5. no evidence for borrowing
tội ám sát 21.42 the murder 5. no evidence for borrowing
tội ngoại tình 21.43 the adultery 5. no evidence for borrowing
sự cưỡng dâm 21.44 the rape 1. clearly borrowed
sự đốt phá 21.46 the arson 5. no evidence for borrowing
sự phản bội lời thề 21.47 the perjury 5. no evidence for borrowing
ăn cắp 21.51 to steal 5. no evidence for borrowing
kẻ cắp 21.52 the thief 5. no evidence for borrowing
tôn giáo 22.11 the religion 1. clearly borrowed
thần 22.12 the god 1. clearly borrowed
chúa (2) 22.12 the god 2. probably borrowed
dền 22.13 the temple 2. probably borrowed
miếu 22.13 the temple 1. clearly borrowed
nhà thờ 22.131 the church 5. no evidence for borrowing
nhà thờ Hồi giáo 22.132 the mosque 5. no evidence for borrowing
bàn thờ 22.14 the altar 5. no evidence for borrowing
cúng tế 22.15 the sacrifice 1. clearly borrowed
thờ 22.16 to worship 5. no evidence for borrowing
cầu (2) 22.17 to pray 1. clearly borrowed
giáo sĩ 22.18 the priest 1. clearly borrowed
linh thiêng 22.19 holy 5. no evidence for borrowing
giảng đạo 22.22 to preach 1. clearly borrowed
ban phúc 22.23 to bless 5. no evidence for borrowing
nguyền rủa 22.24 to curse 5. no evidence for borrowing
ăn kiêng 22.26 to fast 5. no evidence for borrowing
thiên đường 22.31 the heaven 1. clearly borrowed
địa ngục 22.32 the hell 1. clearly borrowed
ma qủy 22.35 the demon 5. no evidence for borrowing
thần tượng 22.37 the idol 1. clearly borrowed
ma thuật 22.42 the magic 5. no evidence for borrowing
phù thủy 22.43 the sorcerer or witch 5. no evidence for borrowing
tiên 22.44 the fairy or elf 1. clearly borrowed
ma 22.45 the ghost 5. no evidence for borrowing
điềm 22.47 the omen 5. no evidence for borrowing
sự cắt bao quy đầu 22.5 the circumcision 5. no evidence for borrowing
rađiô 23.1 the radio 1. clearly borrowed
truyền hình 23.11 the television 5. no evidence for borrowing
ti vi 23.11 the television 1. clearly borrowed
TV (English )
điện thoại 23.12 the telephone 1. clearly borrowed
xe đạp 23.13 the bicycle 5. no evidence for borrowing
xe mô tô 23.135 the motorcycle 5. no evidence for borrowing
(xe) ô tô 23.14 the car 1. clearly borrowed
(xe) búyt 23.15 the bus 1. clearly borrowed
bus (French )
xe lửa 23.155 the train 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoả xa 23.155 the train 1. clearly borrowed
máy bay 23.16 the airplane 5. no evidence for borrowing
phi cơ 23.16 the airplane 1. clearly borrowed
điện 23.17 the electricity 1. clearly borrowed
pin 23.175 the battery 1. clearly borrowed
hãm 23.18 to brake 5. no evidence for borrowing
mô tô 23.185 the motor 1. clearly borrowed
cơ giới 23.19 the machine 1. clearly borrowed
dầu hoả 23.195 the petroleum 5. no evidence for borrowing
bệnh viện 23.2 the hospital 1. clearly borrowed
y tá 23.21 the nurse 5. no evidence for borrowing
viên 23.22 the pill or tablet 1. clearly borrowed
sự tiêm 23.23 the injection 5. no evidence for borrowing
kính (2) 23.24 the spectacles/glasses 2. probably borrowed
chính phủ 23.3 the government 1. clearly borrowed
tổng thống 23.31 the president 1. clearly borrowed
bộ trưởng 23.32 the minister 1. clearly borrowed
cảnh sát 23.33 the police 1. clearly borrowed
bằng lái xe 23.34 the driver's license 5. no evidence for borrowing
bảng số 23.35 the license plate 5. no evidence for borrowing
giấy khai sinh 23.36 the birth certificate 5. no evidence for borrowing
tội ác 23.37 the crime 1. clearly borrowed
cuộc tuyển cử 23.38 the election 1. clearly borrowed
địa chỉ 23.385 the address 1. clearly borrowed
số 23.39 the number 1. clearly borrowed
đường (2) 23.395 the street 5. no evidence for borrowing
bưu kiện 23.4 the post/mail 1. clearly borrowed
tem 23.41 the postage stamp 1. clearly borrowed
thư 23.42 the letter 1. clearly borrowed
bưu thiếp 23.43 the postcard 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngân hàng 23.44 the bank 1. clearly borrowed
băng 23.44 the bank 1. clearly borrowed
vòi 23.5 the tap/faucet 5. no evidence for borrowing
bồn 23.51 the sink 2. probably borrowed
phòng vệ sinh 23.52 the toilet 5. no evidence for borrowing
nệm 23.53 the mattress 5. no evidence for borrowing
hộp 23.54 the tin/can 2. probably borrowed
đinh vít 23.55 the screw 5. no evidence for borrowing
tua vít 23.555 the screwdriver 1. clearly borrowed
chai 23.56 the bottle 5. no evidence for borrowing
kẹo 23.565 the candy/sweets 5. no evidence for borrowing
chất dẻo 23.57 the plastic 5. no evidence for borrowing
bom 23.575 the bomb 1. clearly borrowed
xưởng 23.58 the workshop 5. no evidence for borrowing
thuốc lá 23.59 the cigarette 5. no evidence for borrowing
báo (2) 23.6 the newspaper 1. clearly borrowed
lịch 23.61 the calendar 1. clearly borrowed
phim 23.62 the film/movie 1. clearly borrowed
âm nhạc 23.63 the music 1. clearly borrowed
bài hát 23.64 the song 5. no evidence for borrowing
chè 23.9 the tea 1. clearly borrowed
cà phê 23.91 the coffee 1. clearly borrowed
là 24.01 to be 5. no evidence for borrowing
trở thành 24.02 to become 5. no evidence for borrowing
không có 24.03 without 5. no evidence for borrowing
với 24.04 with 5. no evidence for borrowing
qua 24.05 through 2. probably borrowed
không 24.06 not 2. probably borrowed
này 24.07 this 5. no evidence for borrowing
đó 24.08 that 5. no evidence for borrowing
đây 24.09 here 5. no evidence for borrowing
kia 24.1 there 5. no evidence for borrowing
khác 24.11 other 5. no evidence for borrowing
sau (3) 24.12 next 5. no evidence for borrowing
giống 24.13 same 2. probably borrowed
sự không có 24.14 nothing 5. no evidence for borrowing