Ceq Wong Vocabulary

by Nicole Kruspe

The vocabulary contains 956 meaning-word pairs from the recipient language Ceq Wong. The corresponding text chapter was published in the book Loanwords in the World's Languages. The language page Ceq Wong contains a list of all loanwords arranged by donor languoid.

Word LWT Code Meaning Borrowed Status Source Words
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Word

The word is given in the usual orthography or transcription, and in the usual citation form.

Click on a word to get even more information than is shown in this table.

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LWT Code

The Loanword Typology code is the identifier of the Loanword Typology meaning. Sorting by LWT Code sorts the words thematically by semantic field.

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Meaning

This column shows the labels of the Loanword Typology meanings. By clicking on a meaning label, you get more information about the meaning, as well as a list of all words that are counterparts of that meaning.

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Borrowed Status

There are five borrowed statuses, reflecting decreasing likelihood that the word is a loanword:

  1. clearly borrowed
  2. probably borrowed
  3. perhaps borrowed
  4. very little evidence for borrowing
  5. no evidence for borrowing
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Source Words

For (possible) loanwords, this column shows the words in the source languages that served as models.

tɛʔ 1.21 the land 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɛʔ 1.212 the soil 5. no evidence for borrowing
hmɛ̃c 1.213 the dust 5. no evidence for borrowing
gaʔɛ̃c 1.214 the mud 5. no evidence for borrowing
pasir 1.215 the sand 1. clearly borrowed
mnĩm 1.22 the mountain or hill 2. probably borrowed
bnəm (Jah Hut , uncertain)
bnəm (South Aslian , uncertain)
cbɑʔ 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing
trɛh 1.222 the cliff or precipice 5. no evidence for borrowing
taɲoŋ 1.24 the valley 1. clearly borrowed
pulaw 1.25 the island 1. clearly borrowed
daraŋ 1.28 the cave 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɑm 1.31 the water 5. no evidence for borrowing
lawot 1.32 the sea 1. clearly borrowed
laut (Malay )
cucuk 1.324 the foam 5. no evidence for borrowing
lawot 1.329 the ocean 1. clearly borrowed
laut (Malay )
tɑm 1.36 the river or stream 5. no evidence for borrowing
ncɔk tɑm 1.37 the spring or well 5. no evidence for borrowing
payaʔ 1.38 the swamp 1. clearly borrowed
paya (Malay )
jrəm 1.39 the waterfall 1. clearly borrowed
brtɛʔ 1.41 the woods or forest 5. no evidence for borrowing
lɨŋ 1.43 the wood 5. no evidence for borrowing
jəhũʔ 1.43 the wood 5. no evidence for borrowing
tmɔ̃ʔ 1.44 the stone or rock 5. no evidence for borrowing
laŋĩt 1.51 the sky 1. clearly borrowed
mɛ̃t ktɔʔ 1.52 the sun 5. no evidence for borrowing
kcɛʔ 1.53 the moon 5. no evidence for borrowing
bintaŋ 1.54 the star 1. clearly borrowed
kilɑt 1.55 the lightning 1. clearly borrowed
karay 1.56 the thunder 5. no evidence for borrowing
klantãr 1.57 the bolt of lightning 1. clearly borrowed
bayaŋ talon 1.59 the rainbow 5. no evidence for borrowing
cinhəy 1.61 the light 5. no evidence for borrowing
saŋkuy 1.62 the darkness 5. no evidence for borrowing
bayaŋ 1.63 the shade or shadow 1. clearly borrowed
mon 1.64 the dew 1. clearly borrowed
hɔŋ 1.72 the wind 3. perhaps borrowed
məhɔŋ (South Aslian , uncertain)
məhɔŋ (Jah Hut , uncertain)
ʔɑl 1.73 the cloud 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔɑl 1.74 the fog 5. no evidence for borrowing
səm 1.75 the rain 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɑm batuʔ 1.77 the ice 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔɔs 1.81 the fire 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔɔs 1.82 the flame 5. no evidence for borrowing
siyay 1.83 the smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
habuʔ 1.84 the ash 1. clearly borrowed
cikɛh 1.841 the embers 5. no evidence for borrowing
siut 1.851 to burn(1) 1. clearly borrowed
siut (Malay )
jəʔ (1) 1.851 to burn(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋəc 1.852 to burn(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
cŋɔ̃ɲ 1.86 to light 5. no evidence for borrowing
cos 1.86 to light 5. no evidence for borrowing
pilɨt 1.861 to extinguish 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔɔs 1.87 the match 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔɔs 1.88 the firewood 5. no evidence for borrowing
biʔ (1) 2.1 the person 5. no evidence for borrowing
briʔ 2.1 the person 5. no evidence for borrowing
ksyɑʔ 2.99911 the parent’s elder brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
kbahɑʔ 2.99912 the parent’s elder sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɑh (1) 2.99913 the parent’s younger brother 3. perhaps borrowed
deh 2.99914 the parent’s younger sister 3. perhaps borrowed
ʔideh (Jah Hut , uncertain)
ʔideh (South Aslian , uncertain)
hay 24.99914 we (dual inclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing
juh 24.99919 you (dual) 5. no evidence for borrowing
teʔ (2) 24.99913 they (dual) 5. no evidence for borrowing
wɔŋ gɔy 2.99917 the stepchild 5. no evidence for borrowing
tuŋkal (1) 2.21 the man 5. no evidence for borrowing
koŋ (1) 2.22 the woman 2. probably borrowed
tuŋkal (2) 2.23 male(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
koŋ (2) 2.24 female(1) 2. probably borrowed
bujaŋ 2.251 the young man 1. clearly borrowed
kdɑh 2.261 the young woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
budak 2.27 the child(1) 1. clearly borrowed
teʔ (1) 2.31 the husband 5. no evidence for borrowing
jəʔ (2) 2.32 the wife 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔɑm 2.33 to marry 5. no evidence for borrowing
bap 2.35 the father 3. perhaps borrowed
mɔ̃y 2.36 the mother 5. no evidence for borrowing
mɛ̃p 2.36 the mother 5. no evidence for borrowing
teʔ mɔ̃y 2.37 the parents 5. no evidence for borrowing
wɔŋ 2.43 the child(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
toʔ 2.4561 the older sibling 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔadiʔ 2.4562 the younger sibling 1. clearly borrowed
adik (Malay )
kmar 2.458 the twins 1. clearly borrowed
tɑʔ 2.46 the grandfather 4. very little evidence for borrowing
yɑʔ 2.47 the grandmother 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ʔɔɲ 2.4711 the grandparents 5. no evidence for borrowing
cuʔ 2.5 the grandchild 3. perhaps borrowed
cucu (Malay )
ʔanɛ̃k 2.541 the sibling’s child 1. clearly borrowed
anak (Malay )
briʔ kmanɨ̃h 2.56 the ancestors 5. no evidence for borrowing
klək 2.622 the parents-in-law 5. no evidence for borrowing
bsew 2.6411 the child-in-law 5. no evidence for borrowing
lɑh 2.6412 the sibling-in-law 5. no evidence for borrowing
bap gɔy 2.71 the stepfather 5. no evidence for borrowing
mɔ̃y gɔy 2.72 the stepmother 5. no evidence for borrowing
kamĩn 2.82 the family 1. clearly borrowed
ʔiŋ 2.91 I 5. no evidence for borrowing
mɨ̃ʔ 2.92 you (singular) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔuh (1) 2.93 he/she/it 5. no evidence for borrowing
hɛʔ 2.941 we (inclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing
jaʔ 2.942 we (exclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing
jin 2.95 you (plural) 5. no evidence for borrowing
gən 2.96 they 5. no evidence for borrowing
nataŋ 3.11 the animal 1. clearly borrowed
tuŋkal (2) 3.12 male(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
koŋ (2) 3.13 female(2) 2. probably borrowed
gaw 3.32 the boar 5. no evidence for borrowing
gaw ʔɔ̃t 3.35 the pig 5. no evidence for borrowing
kamiŋ 3.36 the goat 1. clearly borrowed
kudə 3.41 the horse 1. clearly borrowed
kuda (Malay )
hayam 3.5 the fowl 1. clearly borrowed
ayam (Malay )
sɔm 3.58 the nest 5. no evidence for borrowing
kawaw 3.581 the bird 5. no evidence for borrowing
kawaw klɑŋ 3.584 the eagle 5. no evidence for borrowing
klɑŋ kday 3.586 the vulture 5. no evidence for borrowing
plek 3.591 the bat 5. no evidence for borrowing
kawaw lupɔl 3.593 the crow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔɛ̃ŋ 3.61 the dog 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kuceŋ 3.62 the cat 1. clearly borrowed
yãw 3.62 the cat 5. no evidence for borrowing
knɛ̃ʔ 3.63 the mouse or rat 5. no evidence for borrowing
kiəʔ 3.65 the fish 5. no evidence for borrowing
layar 3.652 the fin 1. clearly borrowed
sisik 3.653 the scale 1. clearly borrowed
səʔaŋ 3.654 the gill 1. clearly borrowed
hoʔ 3.655 the shell 5. no evidence for borrowing
slabɑs 3.73 the bear 5. no evidence for borrowing
gajah 3.77 the elephant 1. clearly borrowed
cɛʔ 3.811 the head louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
marɨɲ 3.8112 the body louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
ktuət 3.812 the nit 5. no evidence for borrowing
cɛʔ ʔɛ̃ŋ 3.813 the flea 5. no evidence for borrowing
kəʔɛp 3.814 the centipede 5. no evidence for borrowing
caŋkiyɛ̃ʔ 3.815 the scorpion 4. very little evidence for borrowing
sdɛʔ 3.816 the cockroach 5. no evidence for borrowing
lɑs 3.817 the ant 5. no evidence for borrowing
cambɨŋ 3.818 the spider 2. probably borrowed
cambəŋ (Jah Hut , uncertain)
cambəŋ (South Aslian , uncertain)
sɔm cambɨŋ 3.819 the spider web 5. no evidence for borrowing
lway 3.82 the bee 5. no evidence for borrowing
saraŋ lway 3.821 the beeswax 3. perhaps borrowed
saraŋ lway 3.822 the beehive 3. perhaps borrowed
yay 3.83 the fly 5. no evidence for borrowing
kmɨ̃t hmɛ̃c 3.831 the sandfly or midge or gnat 5. no evidence for borrowing
kboŋ 3.831 the sandfly or midge or gnat 5. no evidence for borrowing
kmɨ̃t 3.832 the mosquito 5. no evidence for borrowing
sudaŋ 3.833 the prawns or shrimp 1. clearly borrowed
darəɲ 3.834 the termites 5. no evidence for borrowing
sksiak (1) 3.834 the termites 5. no evidence for borrowing
ksial 3.835 the tick 5. no evidence for borrowing
caceŋ 3.84 the worm 1. clearly borrowed
talon 3.85 the snake 4. very little evidence for borrowing
tupay 3.869 the squirrel 1. clearly borrowed
bantuay 3.89 the anteater 5. no evidence for borrowing
ktlət 3.91 the firefly 5. no evidence for borrowing
lkwɔk 3.92 the butterfly 5. no evidence for borrowing
balaŋ 3.93 the grasshopper 1. clearly borrowed
siput 3.94 the snail 1. clearly borrowed
katak 3.95 the frog 1. clearly borrowed
bahayaʔ 3.97 the crocodile or alligator 1. clearly borrowed
badak 3.99 the tapir 1. clearly borrowed
hoʔ 4.12 the skin or hide 5. no evidence for borrowing
sac 4.13 the flesh 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɔk (1) 4.14 the hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɔk (1) 4.144 the body hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɔk (1) 4.145 the pubic hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
mhə̃m 4.15 the blood 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔurat 4.151 the vein or artery 1. clearly borrowed
urat (Malay )
jəʔeŋ 4.16 the bone 5. no evidence for borrowing
crɨs 4.162 the rib 5. no evidence for borrowing
tanok 4.17 the horn 1. clearly borrowed
hateʔ 4.18 the tail 5. no evidence for borrowing
hŋkɨŋ 4.19 the back 5. no evidence for borrowing
jəʔeŋ hŋkɨŋ 4.191 the spine 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuy 4.2 the head 5. no evidence for borrowing
jəʔeŋ kyɛm 4.202 the skull 5. no evidence for borrowing
kyɛm 4.203 the brain 5. no evidence for borrowing
hŋgɔs 4.204 the face 5. no evidence for borrowing
btɨʔ 4.205 the forehead 5. no evidence for borrowing
jaŋkwɛ̃ʔ 4.207 the jaw 5. no evidence for borrowing
mɛ̃ŋ 4.208 the cheek 5. no evidence for borrowing
jaŋkwɛ̃ʔ 4.209 the chin 5. no evidence for borrowing
mɛ̃t 4.21 the eye 5. no evidence for borrowing
cymɨ̃y 4.212 the eyebrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoʔ mɛ̃t 4.213 the eyelid 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɔk mɛ̃t 4.214 the eyelash 5. no evidence for borrowing
kilep 4.215 to blink 2. probably borrowed
hntəŋ 4.22 the ear 5. no evidence for borrowing
haleʔ hntəŋ 4.221 the earlobe 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔac hntəŋ 4.222 the earwax 5. no evidence for borrowing
mɔ̃h 4.23 the nose 5. no evidence for borrowing
daraŋ mɔ̃h 4.231 the nostril 5. no evidence for borrowing
biʔ hawar 4.232 the nasal mucus 5. no evidence for borrowing
hɑɲ 4.24 the mouth 5. no evidence for borrowing
paroh 4.241 the beak 1. clearly borrowed
hoʔ hɑɲ 4.25 the lip 5. no evidence for borrowing
latek 4.26 the tongue 5. no evidence for borrowing
lmũɲ 4.27 the tooth 4. very little evidence for borrowing
sac lmũɲ 4.271 the gums 5. no evidence for borrowing
taŋgəm 4.272 the molar tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
lŋɛ̃ʔ 4.28 the neck 2. probably borrowed
lŋɛ̃ʔ (Jah Hut , uncertain)
lŋɛ̃ʔ (South Aslian , uncertain)
taŋkɔk 4.281 the nape of the neck 1. clearly borrowed
cnroŋ 4.29 the throat 5. no evidence for borrowing
bahoʔ 4.3 the shoulder 1. clearly borrowed
bahu (Malay )
jəʔeŋ bahoʔ 4.301 the shoulderblade 5. no evidence for borrowing
jʔeŋ galoŋ 4.302 the collarbone 5. no evidence for borrowing
ladaʔ 4.312 the armpit 5. no evidence for borrowing
knɨ̃ŋ 4.32 the elbow 5. no evidence for borrowing
raŋɛ̃l 4.321 the wrist 5. no evidence for borrowing
cɑs 4.33 the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
tapak cɑs 4.331 the palm of the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
wɔŋ cɑs 4.34 the finger 5. no evidence for borrowing
bəʔ cɑs 4.342 the thumb 5. no evidence for borrowing
skoʔ 4.344 the fingernail 5. no evidence for borrowing
skoʔ 4.345 the claw 5. no evidence for borrowing
bləʔ 4.351 the thigh 5. no evidence for borrowing
baŋkoʔ kəhɛr 4.352 the calf of the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing
ktoŋ 4.36 the knee 5. no evidence for borrowing
cɑn 4.37 the foot 5. no evidence for borrowing
kteŋ cɑn 4.371 the ankle 5. no evidence for borrowing
lol 4.372 the heel 5. no evidence for borrowing
tel 4.374 the footprint 5. no evidence for borrowing
wɔŋ cɑn 4.38 the toe 5. no evidence for borrowing
prac 4.392 the wing 4. very little evidence for borrowing
sɔk (1) 4.393 the feather 5. no evidence for borrowing
cnʔɑh 4.4 the chest 5. no evidence for borrowing
buʔ 4.41 the breast 2. probably borrowed
buʔ 4.42 the udder 2. probably borrowed
sksiak (2) 4.43 the navel 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔac 4.431 the belly 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaɲɛ̃s 4.44 the heart 5. no evidence for borrowing
sop 4.441 the lung 5. no evidence for borrowing
ros 4.45 the liver 5. no evidence for borrowing
ploʔ gal 4.451 the kidney 5. no evidence for borrowing
koh 4.452 the spleen 5. no evidence for borrowing
plih 4.452 the spleen 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔac cəŋ 4.46 the stomach 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔac war 4.461 the intestines or guts 5. no evidence for borrowing
gal 4.462 the waist 5. no evidence for borrowing
wɛ̃ŋ 4.463 the hip 5. no evidence for borrowing
wɛ̃ŋ 4.464 the buttocks 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔurat 4.465 the sinew or tendon 1. clearly borrowed
urat (Malay )
sɔm 4.47 the womb 5. no evidence for borrowing
hntap 4.49 the testicles 5. no evidence for borrowing
lɑʔ 4.492 the penis 5. no evidence for borrowing
lɛʔ 4.493 the vagina 5. no evidence for borrowing
lɛʔ 4.494 the vulva 5. no evidence for borrowing
snjɨk 4.51 to breathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
hyhuay 4.52 to yawn 5. no evidence for borrowing
madɨk 4.521 to hiccough 5. no evidence for borrowing
batok 4.53 to cough 1. clearly borrowed
bsin 4.54 to sneeze 1. clearly borrowed
brahɔc 4.55 to perspire 5. no evidence for borrowing
kbac 4.56 to spit 5. no evidence for borrowing
kəʔ 4.57 to vomit 5. no evidence for borrowing
kap 4.58 to bite 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɑl 4.59 to lick 5. no evidence for borrowing
snjər 4.591 to dribble 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔɑm 4.61 to sleep 5. no evidence for borrowing
snər 4.612 to snore 1. clearly borrowed
mamɔ̃ɲ 4.62 to dream 3. perhaps borrowed
tas 4.63 to wake up 5. no evidence for borrowing
həy 4.63 to wake up 5. no evidence for borrowing
pəhəm 4.64 to fart 5. no evidence for borrowing
kmnɑ̃m 4.65 to piss 5. no evidence for borrowing
cicɒh 4.66 to shit 5. no evidence for borrowing
ncɛ̃n 4.67 to have sex 5. no evidence for borrowing
craŋ 4.68 to shiver 5. no evidence for borrowing
mamũh 4.69 to bathe 2. probably borrowed
(ma)muh (Unidentified , uncertain)
biŋkoʔ 4.71 to beget 5. no evidence for borrowing
kateʔ 4.72 to be born 5. no evidence for borrowing
baŋkoʔ 4.73 pregnant 5. no evidence for borrowing
gɔs 4.74 to be alive 5. no evidence for borrowing
kbɨs 4.75 to die 2. probably borrowed
kVbVs (Unidentified , uncertain)
kbɨs 4.7501 dead 2. probably borrowed
kVbVs (Unidentified , uncertain)
gɔt (1) 4.751 to drown 5. no evidence for borrowing
kibɨs 4.76 to kill 5. no evidence for borrowing
baŋkay 4.77 the corpse 1. clearly borrowed
baŋkay 4.771 the carcass 1. clearly borrowed
bɑy 4.78 to bury 5. no evidence for borrowing
kbur 4.79 the grave 1. clearly borrowed
kwat 4.81 strong 1. clearly borrowed
kuat (Malay )
hanal 4.81 strong 1. clearly borrowed
sihat 4.83 healthy 1. clearly borrowed
dən 4.84 sick/ill 5. no evidence for borrowing
ndən 4.841 the fever 5. no evidence for borrowing
gok 4.842 the goitre/goiter 5. no evidence for borrowing
hawar 4.843 the cold 1. clearly borrowed
pɲãkit 4.844 the disease 1. clearly borrowed
prus 4.85 the wound or sore 5. no evidence for borrowing
lmũh 4.852 the bruise 5. no evidence for borrowing
swah 4.853 the swelling 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɑc 4.8541 to scratch 5. no evidence for borrowing
knɛ̃r 4.856 the boil 5. no evidence for borrowing
parut 4.858 the scar 1. clearly borrowed
malɔ̃c 4.858 the scar 5. no evidence for borrowing
blaʔ 4.86 to cure 1. clearly borrowed
bela (Malay )
ʔubat 4.88 the medicine 1. clearly borrowed
ubat (Malay )
jreh 4.91 tired 1. clearly borrowed
rehat 4.912 to rest 1. clearly borrowed
malas 4.92 lazy 1. clearly borrowed
kəʔɔy 4.92 lazy 5. no evidence for borrowing
plhɔc 4.93 bald 5. no evidence for borrowing
pkak 4.95 deaf 1. clearly borrowed
pnel 4.96 mute 2. probably borrowed
butãʔ 4.97 blind 1. clearly borrowed
buta (Malay )
bəl 4.98 drunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
kit ŋɑ̃c 4.99 naked 5. no evidence for borrowing
cəʔ 5.11 to eat 5. no evidence for borrowing
ncen 5.121 cooked 5. no evidence for borrowing
gɔs 5.122 raw 5. no evidence for borrowing
sak 5.123 ripe 2. probably borrowed
soʔ 5.125 rotten 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ʔuh (2) 5.13 to drink 3. perhaps borrowed
hŋkɔŋ 5.14 to be hungry 5. no evidence for borrowing
gɑt 5.15 to be thirsty 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲɔ̃k 5.16 to suck 5. no evidence for borrowing
raɲ 5.18 to chew 5. no evidence for borrowing
gɔt (2) 5.181 to swallow 5. no evidence for borrowing
gasak 5.19 to choke 3. perhaps borrowed
pncen 5.21 to cook 5. no evidence for borrowing
kirə 5.21 to cook 2. probably borrowed
kira (Malay )
ʔək 5.22 to boil 5. no evidence for borrowing
sbus 5.22 to boil 1. clearly borrowed
cwəs 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing
paŋaŋ 5.23 to roast or fry 1. clearly borrowed
cway 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing
priyok 5.26 the pot 1. clearly borrowed
kuniʔ 5.27 the kettle 1. clearly borrowed
crɛk 5.27 the kettle 1. clearly borrowed
piŋan 5.31 the dish 1. clearly borrowed
piŋan 5.32 the plate 1. clearly borrowed
baŋkok 5.33 the bowl 1. clearly borrowed
kuleh bəʔ 5.34 the jug/pitcher 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuleh 5.35 the cup 1. clearly borrowed
piŋan 5.36 the saucer 1. clearly borrowed
suduʔ 5.37 the spoon 1. clearly borrowed
sudu (Malay )
suduʔ 5.39 the fork 1. clearly borrowed
sudu (Malay )
kntap 5.391 the tongs 4. very little evidence for borrowing
pok 5.46 to peel 5. no evidence for borrowing
tapis 5.47 to sieve or to strain 1. clearly borrowed
kɔs 5.48 to scrape 5. no evidence for borrowing
gudɛr 5.49 to stir or to mix 3. perhaps borrowed
roti 5.51 the bread 1. clearly borrowed
roti (Malay )
cpit 5.54 to knead 3. perhaps borrowed
tpuŋ 5.55 the flour 1. clearly borrowed
piret 5.56 to crush or to grind 5. no evidence for borrowing
gul 5.58 the mortar(1) 4. very little evidence for borrowing
pniret 5.59 the pestle 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔɑy 5.61 the meat 5. no evidence for borrowing
kacaŋ 5.66 the bean 1. clearly borrowed
ploʔ 5.71 the fruit 4. very little evidence for borrowing
nɑ̃y siat 5.712 the bunch 5. no evidence for borrowing
miɲɛ̃k 5.79 the oil 1. clearly borrowed
ləʔos 5.791 the grease or fat 5. no evidence for borrowing
garam 5.81 the salt 1. clearly borrowed
pigoʔ 5.821 the chili pepper 2. probably borrowed
cɑh 5.84 the honey 5. no evidence for borrowing
gulə 5.85 the sugar 1. clearly borrowed
gula (Malay )
tɑm buʔ 5.86 the milk 5. no evidence for borrowing
susuʔ 5.86 the milk 1. clearly borrowed
susu (Malay )
tɑm 5.9 the drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
ktuət 5.97 the egg 5. no evidence for borrowing
lmãŋ 5.983 the manioc bread 1. clearly borrowed
slɔk 6.11 to put on 5. no evidence for borrowing
bajuʔ 6.12 the clothing or clothes 1. clearly borrowed
baju (Malay )
kayen 6.21 the cloth 1. clearly borrowed
kain (Malay )
sɔk (1) 6.28 the fur 5. no evidence for borrowing
teŋ 6.33 to weave 5. no evidence for borrowing
jayit 6.35 to sew 1. clearly borrowed
jarom 6.36 the needle(1) 1. clearly borrowed
taliʔ mnãŋ 6.38 the thread 5. no evidence for borrowing
clup 6.39 to dye 1. clearly borrowed
bajuʔ 6.44 the shirt 1. clearly borrowed
baju (Malay )
bajuʔ 6.46 the skirt 1. clearly borrowed
baju (Malay )
swɑl 6.48 the trousers 1. clearly borrowed
< Unidentifiable (Arabic , uncertain)
< Unidentifiable (Persian , uncertain)
tɔken 6.49 the sock or stocking 1. clearly borrowed
kasut 6.51 the shoe 1. clearly borrowed
cnũr 6.71 the ornament or adornment 5. no evidence for borrowing
cincan 6.73 the ring 2. probably borrowed
manɛ̃k 6.74 the bracelet 1. clearly borrowed
manɛ̃k 6.75 the necklace 1. clearly borrowed
manɛ̃k 6.76 the bead 1. clearly borrowed
ʔanteŋ 6.77 the earring 1. clearly borrowed
tiŋkuy 6.78 the headband or headdress 5. no evidence for borrowing
bicaʔ 6.81 the handkerchief or rag 5. no evidence for borrowing
kayen tɔlah 6.82 the towel 5. no evidence for borrowing
sikat 6.91 the comb 1. clearly borrowed
ʔubat sapuʔ 6.94 the ointment 5. no evidence for borrowing
sabun 6.95 the soap 1. clearly borrowed
ŋɔk 7.11 to live 5. no evidence for borrowing
hyãʔ 7.12 the house 5. no evidence for borrowing
bilik 7.21 the room 1. clearly borrowed
pintuʔ 7.22 the door or gate 1. clearly borrowed
jəhũʔ pintuʔ 7.221 the doorpost 5. no evidence for borrowing
kunciʔ 7.24 the key 1. clearly borrowed
lantay 7.26 the floor 1. clearly borrowed
deneŋ 7.27 the wall 1. clearly borrowed
raŋkal 7.37 the ladder 2. probably borrowed
tiŋkol 7.421 the pillow 5. no evidence for borrowing
simɨ̃t 7.422 the blanket 1. clearly borrowed
kusiʔ 7.43 the chair 1. clearly borrowed
mɛjə 7.44 the table 1. clearly borrowed
meja (Malay )
tarəŋ 7.45 the lamp or torch 5. no evidence for borrowing
hapɔy 7.51 the roof 5. no evidence for borrowing
hapɔy 7.52 the thatch 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋɑlɑŋ 7.53 the ridgepole 1. clearly borrowed
cnraŋ 7.54 the rafter 5. no evidence for borrowing
bnul 7.55 the beam 1. clearly borrowed
ŋɑlɑŋ 7.55 the beam 1. clearly borrowed
tiaŋ 7.56 the post or pole 1. clearly borrowed
togoh 7.56 the post or pole 1. clearly borrowed
tugu (Malay )
papɑn 7.57 the board 1. clearly borrowed
pɨl 8.12 the field 5. no evidence for borrowing
pagɑr 8.16 the fence 1. clearly borrowed
bɑy 8.22 to dig 5. no evidence for borrowing
knwãs 8.27 the rake 5. no evidence for borrowing
maliʔ 8.28 the digging stick (=yamstick) 2. probably borrowed
sɔk (2) 8.31 to sow 5. no evidence for borrowing
kyaŋ 8.311 the seed 5. no evidence for borrowing
jagoŋ 8.47 the maize/corn 1. clearly borrowed
mɑ̃m 8.48 the rice 5. no evidence for borrowing
ptəm 8.531 to plant 2. probably borrowed
jəʔes 8.54 the root 5. no evidence for borrowing
yoh 8.55 the branch 5. no evidence for borrowing
haleʔ 8.56 the leaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
bkɑw 8.57 the flower 5. no evidence for borrowing
jəhũʔ 8.6 the tree 5. no evidence for borrowing
jer 8.67 the vine 5. no evidence for borrowing
makaw 8.68 the tobacco 1. clearly borrowed
njɔt 8.69 to smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
tuŋul 8.72 the tree stump 1. clearly borrowed
krɨŋ 8.73 the tree trunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
cabaŋ jəhũʔ 8.74 the forked branch 5. no evidence for borrowing
ktəʔ 8.75 the bark 5. no evidence for borrowing
gtah 8.76 the sap 1. clearly borrowed
tarəŋ 8.76 the sap 5. no evidence for borrowing
ploʔ ɲũr 8.82 the coconut 5. no evidence for borrowing
tyək 8.84 the banana 3. perhaps borrowed
silaʔ 8.91 the sweet potato 1. clearly borrowed
taləs 8.912 the yam 1. clearly borrowed
galə 8.92 the cassava/manioc 2. probably borrowed
labuʔ 8.93 the gourd 1. clearly borrowed
labu (Malay )
labuʔ 8.931 the pumpkin or squash 1. clearly borrowed
labu (Malay )
ləw 8.94 the bamboo 5. no evidence for borrowing
buay 8.941 the sugar cane 5. no evidence for borrowing
jnũʔ 8.96 the fish poison 1. clearly borrowed
tis 8.98 the mushroom 5. no evidence for borrowing
buat 9.11 to do 1. clearly borrowed
buat (Malay )
buat 9.111 to make 1. clearly borrowed
buat (Malay )
kjaʔ 9.12 the work 1. clearly borrowed
luŋkor 9.14 to bend 1. clearly borrowed
spək 9.15 to fold 5. no evidence for borrowing
lipək 9.15 to fold 5. no evidence for borrowing
lipat 9.15 to fold 1. clearly borrowed
siat 9.16 to tie 3. perhaps borrowed
pisur 9.161 to untie 5. no evidence for borrowing
rantay 9.18 the chain 1. clearly borrowed
taliʔ 9.19 the rope 1. clearly borrowed
tali (Malay )
tapɑt 9.21 to strike or hit or beat 5. no evidence for borrowing
hmat 9.21 to strike or hit or beat 5. no evidence for borrowing
tmok 9.211 to pound 1. clearly borrowed
kac 9.22 to cut 5. no evidence for borrowing
cəh 9.221 to cut down 5. no evidence for borrowing
tap 9.222 to chop 5. no evidence for borrowing
cɔk 9.223 to stab 5. no evidence for borrowing
waɲ 9.23 the knife(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
waɲ cukur 9.24 the scissors or shears 5. no evidence for borrowing
kapɑk 9.25 the axe/ax 1. clearly borrowed
biyoŋ 9.251 the adze 1. clearly borrowed
bikɑh 9.26 to break 1. clearly borrowed
jabuc 9.261 broken 5. no evidence for borrowing
blɑh 9.27 to split 1. clearly borrowed
cɛs 9.28 to tear 5. no evidence for borrowing
pok 9.29 to skin 5. no evidence for borrowing
sər 9.31 to rub 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɨl 9.311 to wipe 5. no evidence for borrowing
tarek 9.33 to pull 1. clearly borrowed
buəl 9.34 to spread out 5. no evidence for borrowing
saŋkut 9.341 to hang up 1. clearly borrowed
tkan 9.342 to press 1. clearly borrowed
hapit 9.343 to squeeze 2. probably borrowed
wɛ̃t 9.343 to squeeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
tuh 9.35 to pour 5. no evidence for borrowing
soc 9.36 to wash 5. no evidence for borrowing
kwãs 9.37 to sweep 5. no evidence for borrowing
buat 9.44 to build 1. clearly borrowed
buat (Malay )
kɨŋ 9.44 to build 5. no evidence for borrowing
gurɛk 9.46 to bore 1. clearly borrowed
puŋ 9.461 to hollow out 5. no evidence for borrowing
gaji 9.48 the saw 1. clearly borrowed
bsiʔ pakuʔ 9.5 the nail 4. very little evidence for borrowing
gam 9.56 the glue 1. clearly borrowed
gam (Malay )
mɛ̃s 9.64 the gold 1. clearly borrowed
emas (Malay )
bsiʔ 9.67 the iron 1. clearly borrowed
besi (Malay )
teʔ kunĩŋ 9.73 the clay 5. no evidence for borrowing
teŋ 9.75 to weave or plait/braid 5. no evidence for borrowing
loŋ 9.76 the basket 5. no evidence for borrowing
nɨ̃s 9.77 the mat 5. no evidence for borrowing
pək 9.791 to fan 5. no evidence for borrowing
guən 9.9 to draw water 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔaleh 10.11 to move 1. clearly borrowed
alih (Malay )
cadom 10.612 to carry in hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
paleŋ 10.12 to turn 1. clearly borrowed
pusiŋ 10.13 to turn around 1. clearly borrowed
sbuʔ 10.14 to wrap 5. no evidence for borrowing
guliŋ 10.15 to roll 1. clearly borrowed
gɨs 10.16 to drop 5. no evidence for borrowing
hwɛ̃t 10.17 to twist 5. no evidence for borrowing
wək 10.21 to rise 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɑʔ 10.99903 to carry on the back 5. no evidence for borrowing
piwək 10.22 to raise or lift 5. no evidence for borrowing
ras 10.23 to fall 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaloŋ 10.25 to throw 5. no evidence for borrowing
cap 10.252 to catch 5. no evidence for borrowing
guncaŋ 10.26 to shake 1. clearly borrowed
wət 10.32 to flow 5. no evidence for borrowing
gɔt (1) 10.33 to sink 5. no evidence for borrowing
haɲũt 10.34 to float 1. clearly borrowed
wət 10.34 to float 5. no evidence for borrowing
bnɛ̃ŋ 10.35 to swim 1. clearly borrowed
kiram 10.351 to dive 5. no evidence for borrowing
hlam 10.351 to dive 1. clearly borrowed
prɑy 10.352 to splash 5. no evidence for borrowing
kapɔy 10.37 to fly 5. no evidence for borrowing
pət 10.38 to blow 5. no evidence for borrowing
raŋkak 10.41 to crawl 1. clearly borrowed
teŋɛʔ 10.413 to crouch 1. clearly borrowed
tiyɛ̃s 10.42 to slide or slip 5. no evidence for borrowing
lompat 10.43 to jump 1. clearly borrowed
sipak 10.431 to kick 1. clearly borrowed
leŋseŋ 10.44 to dance 5. no evidence for borrowing
cɨp baləy cɑn 10.45 to walk 5. no evidence for borrowing
psət 10.46 to run 5. no evidence for borrowing
cɨp 10.47 to go 5. no evidence for borrowing
lwəc 10.471 to go up 5. no evidence for borrowing
lwəc 10.472 to climb 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɑr 10.473 to go down 5. no evidence for borrowing
hus 10.474 to go out 5. no evidence for borrowing
təs 10.48 to come 5. no evidence for borrowing
balek 10.481 to come back 1. clearly borrowed
cɨp 10.49 to leave 5. no evidence for borrowing
sawər 10.491 to disappear 5. no evidence for borrowing
dəʔ 10.51 to flee 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuc 10.52 to follow 5. no evidence for borrowing
dias 10.52 to follow 5. no evidence for borrowing
halaw 10.53 to pursue 1. clearly borrowed
təs 10.55 to arrive 5. no evidence for borrowing
tibaʔ 10.55 to arrive 1. clearly borrowed
tiba (Malay )
jisəʔ 10.56 to approach 5. no evidence for borrowing
hɨr 10.57 to enter 5. no evidence for borrowing
wek 10.58 to go or return home 5. no evidence for borrowing
yey 10.61 to carry 5. no evidence for borrowing
gnam 10.612 to carry in hand 1. clearly borrowed
taŋɔŋ 10.613 to carry on shoulder 1. clearly borrowed
tol 10.614 to carry on head 5. no evidence for borrowing
raŋem 10.615 to carry under the arm 5. no evidence for borrowing
yey 10.62 to bring 5. no evidence for borrowing
yey 10.65 to drive 5. no evidence for borrowing
tolak 10.67 to push 1. clearly borrowed
lboh 10.71 the road 1. clearly borrowed
baləy 10.72 the path 5. no evidence for borrowing
sbəʔ 10.72 the path 5. no evidence for borrowing
titiʔ 10.74 the bridge 1. clearly borrowed
kapal (1) 10.81 the ship 1. clearly borrowed
ship (Malay )
rakit 10.84 the raft 1. clearly borrowed
kɨt 10.92 to land 5. no evidence for borrowing
wəʔ 11.11 to have 5. no evidence for borrowing
kit (1) 11.13 to take 1. clearly borrowed
kapoc 11.13 to take 5. no evidence for borrowing
gɔy 11.15 to hold 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɔm 11.16 to get 5. no evidence for borrowing
mnə 11.18 the thing 1. clearly borrowed
ʔak 11.21 to give 5. no evidence for borrowing
piwek 11.22 to give back 5. no evidence for borrowing
koʔ 11.31 to look for 5. no evidence for borrowing
yow 11.32 to find 5. no evidence for borrowing
dwet 11.43 the money 1. clearly borrowed
duit (Malay )
knjet 11.54 stingy 5. no evidence for borrowing
pnjam 11.61 to lend 1. clearly borrowed
pnjam 11.62 to borrow 1. clearly borrowed
hutɑŋ 11.64 the debt 1. clearly borrowed
bayar 11.65 to pay 1. clearly borrowed
gaji (2) 11.78 the wages 1. clearly borrowed
gaji (Malay )
bliʔ 11.81 to buy 1. clearly borrowed
beli (Malay )
jwal 11.82 to sell 1. clearly borrowed
jual (Malay )
tukar 11.83 to trade or barter 1. clearly borrowed
pasar 11.85 the market 1. clearly borrowed
kday 11.86 the shop/store 1. clearly borrowed
sgaʔ 11.87 the price 1. clearly borrowed
mɛhɛ̃l 11.88 expensive 1. clearly borrowed
murɑh 11.89 cheap 1. clearly borrowed
ʔageh 11.91 to share 3. perhaps borrowed
lpas 12.01 after 1. clearly borrowed
tkəh 12.011 behind 5. no evidence for borrowing
lam 12.012 in 1. clearly borrowed
kaʔ 12.013 at 5. no evidence for borrowing
dpər 12.02 beside 5. no evidence for borrowing
nũt 12.03 down 5. no evidence for borrowing
cicoʔ 12.041 in front of 5. no evidence for borrowing
lam 12.05 inside 1. clearly borrowed
katɛʔ (1) 12.06 outside 5. no evidence for borrowing
kyɔm 12.07 under 5. no evidence for borrowing
hanyun 12.07 under 5. no evidence for borrowing
nũl 12.08 up 5. no evidence for borrowing
hantən 12.081 above 5. no evidence for borrowing
mnɑ̃ʔ 12.11 the place 5. no evidence for borrowing
boh 12.12 to put 2. probably borrowed
pilɑh 12.12 to put 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋɔk 12.13 to sit 5. no evidence for borrowing
pklək 12.14 to lie down 5. no evidence for borrowing
hɲaɲ 12.15 to stand 5. no evidence for borrowing
tyən 12.16 to remain 5. no evidence for borrowing
cɛp 12.21 to gather 5. no evidence for borrowing
bɑh (2) 12.21 to gather 5. no evidence for borrowing
kotep 12.212 to pick up 1. clearly borrowed
ckɑt 12.212 to pick up 5. no evidence for borrowing
tamon 12.213 to pile up 1. clearly borrowed
samoŋ 12.22 to join 1. clearly borrowed
cray 12.23 to separate 1. clearly borrowed
bukɑʔ 12.24 to open 1. clearly borrowed
buka (Malay )
buŋkãr 12.24 to open 5. no evidence for borrowing
tutop 12.25 to shut 1. clearly borrowed
tuduŋ 12.26 to cover 1. clearly borrowed
pdul 12.27 to hide 5. no evidence for borrowing
pəl 12.27 to hide 5. no evidence for borrowing
tiŋgiʔ 12.31 high 1. clearly borrowed
katɛʔ (2) 12.32 low 3. perhaps borrowed
jujuŋ 12.33 the top 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuy 12.33 the top 5. no evidence for borrowing
kit (2) 12.34 the bottom 5. no evidence for borrowing
saɲ 12.35 the end(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
sɨŋ 12.352 pointed 5. no evidence for borrowing
tŋboŋ 12.353 the edge 5. no evidence for borrowing
nilaŋ 12.36 the side 5. no evidence for borrowing
tber 12.36 the side 5. no evidence for borrowing
pnwɑʔ 12.37 the middle 5. no evidence for borrowing
təm 12.41 right(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
yal 12.42 left 5. no evidence for borrowing
dwah 12.43 near 5. no evidence for borrowing
con 12.44 far 5. no evidence for borrowing
gɔs 12.53 to grow 5. no evidence for borrowing
lɔr 12.53 to grow 5. no evidence for borrowing
mnɨ̃ʔ 12.55 big 5. no evidence for borrowing
hiʔɔ̃y 12.56 small 5. no evidence for borrowing
jsɨŋ 12.57 long 5. no evidence for borrowing
tiŋgiʔ 12.58 tall 1. clearly borrowed
cinhũɛ̃t 12.59 short 5. no evidence for borrowing
mnɨ̃ʔ 12.61 wide 5. no evidence for borrowing
gac 12.62 narrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
tbəl 12.63 thick 1. clearly borrowed
stal 12.65 thin 5. no evidence for borrowing
dalam 12.67 deep 1. clearly borrowed
dŋũk 12.73 straight 5. no evidence for borrowing
klawer 12.74 crooked 5. no evidence for borrowing
twaw 12.81 round 5. no evidence for borrowing
daraŋ 12.85 the hole 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔet 12.85 the hole 5. no evidence for borrowing
nɑ̃y 13.01 one 5. no evidence for borrowing
ber 13.02 two 5. no evidence for borrowing
pɛt 13.03 three 2. probably borrowed
pɑn 13.04 four 2. probably borrowed
limãʔ 13.05 five 1. clearly borrowed
lima (Malay )
nãm 13.06 six 1. clearly borrowed
enam (Malay )
tujoh 13.07 seven 1. clearly borrowed
lapan 13.08 eight 1. clearly borrowed
smilan 13.09 nine 1. clearly borrowed
spuloh 13.1 ten 1. clearly borrowed
sblas 13.101 eleven 1. clearly borrowed
duwə blas 13.102 twelve 1. clearly borrowed
limãʔ blas 13.103 fifteen 1. clearly borrowed
duwə puloh 13.104 twenty 1. clearly borrowed
satus 13.105 a hundred 1. clearly borrowed
sibu 13.106 a thousand 1. clearly borrowed
bilaŋ 13.107 to count 1. clearly borrowed
hnũn 13.14 all 5. no evidence for borrowing
bsoʔ 13.15 many 3. perhaps borrowed
lbeh 13.16 more 1. clearly borrowed
kanɛ̃t 13.17 few 5. no evidence for borrowing
cukup 13.18 enough 1. clearly borrowed
dɨl 13.181 some 2. probably borrowed
dɨl (Jah Hut , uncertain)
dɨl (South Aslian , uncertain)
bək 13.21 full 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngal 13.231 the piece 5. no evidence for borrowing
ŋɑ̃c 13.33 only 5. no evidence for borrowing
tut 13.331 alone 5. no evidence for borrowing
cicoʔ ləy 13.34 first 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲudah 13.35 last 1. clearly borrowed
kaber 13.36 second 5. no evidence for borrowing
pasaŋ 13.37 the pair 1. clearly borrowed
ber sɑn 13.38 twice/two times 5. no evidence for borrowing
kapɛt 13.42 third 5. no evidence for borrowing
pɛt sɑn 13.44 three times 5. no evidence for borrowing
rɛʔ 14.13 new 5. no evidence for borrowing
badɔn 14.15 old 5. no evidence for borrowing
nidih 14.18 now 5. no evidence for borrowing
lər 14.19 immediately 5. no evidence for borrowing
cpat 14.21 fast 1. clearly borrowed
law 14.21 fast 5. no evidence for borrowing
dmɨ̃y 14.22 slow 5. no evidence for borrowing
lambat 14.24 to be late 1. clearly borrowed
bntiʔ 14.28 to cease 1. clearly borrowed
siap 14.29 ready 1. clearly borrowed
siap (Malay )
slaloʔ 14.31 always 1. clearly borrowed
kadaŋ kadaŋ 14.33 sometimes 1. clearly borrowed
heʔ nnəŋ 14.331 soon 5. no evidence for borrowing
nəŋ 14.332 for a long time 5. no evidence for borrowing
həʔ swɑh 14.34 never 5. no evidence for borrowing
wel 14.35 again 5. no evidence for borrowing
ktɔʔ 14.41 the day(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kntɔʔ 14.411 the day(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
btom 14.42 the night 4. very little evidence for borrowing
tnrɨʔ 14.43 the dawn 3. perhaps borrowed
tnrɨʔ (South Aslian , uncertain)
tnrɨʔ (Jah Hut , uncertain)
tnrɨʔ 14.44 the morning 3. perhaps borrowed
tnrɨʔ (South Aslian , uncertain)
tnrɨʔ (Jah Hut , uncertain)
pnwɑʔ natɔʔ 14.45 the midday 5. no evidence for borrowing
kəs 14.451 the afternoon 5. no evidence for borrowing
kəs 14.46 the evening 5. no evidence for borrowing
ktɔʔ daʔ 14.47 today 5. no evidence for borrowing
hndɑʔ 14.48 tomorrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
biruy laŋ 14.481 the day after tomorrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
didɑʔ 14.49 yesterday 5. no evidence for borrowing
biruy dih 14.491 the day before yesterday 5. no evidence for borrowing
nijam 14.51 the hour 1. clearly borrowed
jam (Malay )
jam 14.53 the clock 1. clearly borrowed
jam (Malay )
biŋuʔ 14.61 the week 1. clearly borrowed
ktɔʔ ʔahat 14.62 Sunday 5. no evidence for borrowing
ktɔʔ snɛ̃n 14.63 Monday 5. no evidence for borrowing
ktɔʔ pkan 14.64 Tuesday 5. no evidence for borrowing
ktɔʔ rabu 14.65 Wednesday 5. no evidence for borrowing
ktɔʔ hamɛ̃s 14.66 Thursday 5. no evidence for borrowing
ktɔʔ jumãhãn 14.67 Friday 5. no evidence for borrowing
ktɔʔ satuʔ 14.68 Saturday 5. no evidence for borrowing
kcɛʔ 14.71 the month 5. no evidence for borrowing
thun 14.73 the year 1. clearly borrowed
thun 14.78 the season 1. clearly borrowed
haloŋ 15.212 to sniff 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔɔ̃ɲ 15.212 to sniff 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔɔ̃ɲ 15.22 to smell(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
səʔɔm 15.25 fragrant 5. no evidence for borrowing
haʔũt 15.26 stinking 5. no evidence for borrowing
gəhɛt 15.35 sweet 5. no evidence for borrowing
ptɔ̃t 15.36 salty 5. no evidence for borrowing
kdak 15.37 bitter 5. no evidence for borrowing
pcəs 15.38 sour 5. no evidence for borrowing
haɲĩr 15.39 brackish 1. clearly borrowed
kjəŋ 15.41 to hear 5. no evidence for borrowing
hmãŋ 15.42 to listen 5. no evidence for borrowing
rɔŋ 15.44 the sound or noise 5. no evidence for borrowing
ktaʔ 15.45 loud 5. no evidence for borrowing
yow 15.51 to see 5. no evidence for borrowing
daŋ 15.52 to look 5. no evidence for borrowing
pidaŋ 15.55 to show 5. no evidence for borrowing
cnhəy 15.57 bright 5. no evidence for borrowing
wanãʔ 15.61 the colour/color 1. clearly borrowed
jaŋhəy 15.62 light(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
skuy 15.63 dark 5. no evidence for borrowing
puteh 15.64 white 1. clearly borrowed
səʔɛ̃ŋ 15.65 black 5. no evidence for borrowing
swət 15.66 red 5. no evidence for borrowing
blyãk 15.67 blue 5. no evidence for borrowing
blwəɲ 15.68 green 5. no evidence for borrowing
hijaw 15.68 green 1. clearly borrowed
kunĩŋ 15.69 yellow 1. clearly borrowed
tmagaʔ 15.69 yellow 1. clearly borrowed
cwɛ̃ŋ 15.71 to touch 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kutɛ̃t 15.712 to pinch 5. no evidence for borrowing
tpəʔ 15.72 to feel 5. no evidence for borrowing
cgih 15.74 hard 5. no evidence for borrowing
skɔc 15.75 soft 5. no evidence for borrowing
lmɔ̃n 15.75 soft 5. no evidence for borrowing
kasar 15.76 rough(1) 1. clearly borrowed
sluc 15.77 smooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
cbɨt 15.78 sharp 5. no evidence for borrowing
lut 15.78 sharp 5. no evidence for borrowing
həʔ cnbɨt 15.79 blunt 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɲũt 15.81 heavy 5. no evidence for borrowing
lbat 15.81 heavy 1. clearly borrowed
hayoŋ 15.82 light(1) 3. perhaps borrowed
məʔɑ̃c 15.83 wet 5. no evidence for borrowing
kriŋ 15.84 dry 1. clearly borrowed
bɨt 15.85 hot 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʔəc 15.851 warm 5. no evidence for borrowing
sdɛc 15.86 cold 3. perhaps borrowed
bayek 15.87 clean 1. clearly borrowed
baik (Malay )
kamãh 15.88 dirty 5. no evidence for borrowing
kusɛ̃y 15.89 wrinkled 5. no evidence for borrowing
lwɑy 16.11 the soul or spirit 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaɲɨ̃s 16.15 surprised or astonished 5. no evidence for borrowing
nasip 16.18 the good luck 1. clearly borrowed
ʔuntuŋ 16.18 the good luck 1. clearly borrowed
pnmɛ̃n 16.23 happy 5. no evidence for borrowing
kŋraŋ 16.23 happy 5. no evidence for borrowing
glɨk 16.25 to laugh 4. very little evidence for borrowing
sɲɔ̃m 16.251 to smile 1. clearly borrowed
nihɑʔ 16.26 to play 5. no evidence for borrowing
sayaŋ 16.27 to love 1. clearly borrowed
kbɔt 16.3 to embrace 5. no evidence for borrowing
pdih 16.31 the pain 2. probably borrowed
həʔ tngəp 16.33 the anxiety 3. perhaps borrowed
was 16.34 to regret or be sorry 4. very little evidence for borrowing
njəm 16.37 to cry 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɑm mɛ̃t 16.38 the tear 5. no evidence for borrowing
hĩʔ 16.39 to groan 5. no evidence for borrowing
bnciʔ 16.41 to hate 1. clearly borrowed
mɛ̃t bisiŋ 16.42 the anger 5. no evidence for borrowing
mksɛk 16.44 the envy or jealousy 5. no evidence for borrowing
branĩʔ 16.52 brave 1. clearly borrowed
mɛ̃ʔ 16.62 to want 5. no evidence for borrowing
pilih 16.622 to choose 1. clearly borrowed
harap ros 16.63 to hope 5. no evidence for borrowing
ləy 16.66 true 5. no evidence for borrowing
pryɑʔ 16.67 to lie(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
bayek 16.71 good 1. clearly borrowed
baik (Malay )
həʔ mayek 16.72 bad 5. no evidence for borrowing
ləy 16.73 right(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
həʔ mtol 16.74 wrong 5. no evidence for borrowing
lac 16.77 the mistake 5. no evidence for borrowing
bayek 16.81 beautiful 1. clearly borrowed
baik (Malay )
jabuc 16.82 ugly 5. no evidence for borrowing
panãy 16.84 clever 1. clearly borrowed
wɨ̃t 17.13 to think(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
peker 17.13 to think(1) 1. clearly borrowed
bət 17.14 to think(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
cayaʔ 17.15 to believe 1. clearly borrowed
harən 17.16 to understand 5. no evidence for borrowing
harən 17.17 to know 5. no evidence for borrowing
knɛ̃l 17.17 to know 1. clearly borrowed
barat 17.171 to guess 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kaʔah 17.171 to guess 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔojok 17.172 to imitate 1. clearly borrowed
ajok (Malay )
ʔakal 17.19 the idea 1. clearly borrowed
akal (Malay )
blajar 17.24 to learn 1. clearly borrowed
blajar 17.242 to study 1. clearly borrowed
blajar 17.25 to teach 1. clearly borrowed
ciguʔ 17.27 the teacher 1. clearly borrowed
kolah 17.28 the school 1. clearly borrowed
wɨ̃t 17.31 to remember 5. no evidence for borrowing
həʔ nwɨ̃t 17.32 to forget 5. no evidence for borrowing
lupaʔ 17.32 to forget 1. clearly borrowed
lupa (Malay )
snɛ̃ŋ 17.46 easy 1. clearly borrowed
susɑh 17.47 difficult 1. clearly borrowed
payɑh 17.47 difficult 1. clearly borrowed
patuʔ 17.48 to try 3. perhaps borrowed
sbap 17.52 because 1. clearly borrowed
mɛ̃n 17.53 if 5. no evidence for borrowing
kalaw 17.53 if 1. clearly borrowed
ʔantaw 17.54 or 1. clearly borrowed
atau (Malay )
ʔə̃ʔ 17.55 yes 5. no evidence for borrowing
cin 17.61 how? 5. no evidence for borrowing
bapaʔ 17.62 how many? 1. clearly borrowed
bapaʔ 17.63 how much? 1. clearly borrowed
coʔ (1) 17.64 what? 5. no evidence for borrowing
pon 17.65 when? 5. no evidence for borrowing
hɑ̃n 17.66 where? 5. no evidence for borrowing
hɑ̃n 17.67 which? 5. no evidence for borrowing
biʔ ʔay 17.68 who? 5. no evidence for borrowing
coʔ ʔay 17.69 why? 5. no evidence for borrowing
kluŋ (1) 18.11 the voice 5. no evidence for borrowing
nəhaŋ 18.12 to sing 5. no evidence for borrowing
hlawat 18.13 to shout 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kanteŋ 18.13 to shout 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kisɛh 18.15 to whisper 5. no evidence for borrowing
hwchwac 18.17 to whistle 5. no evidence for borrowing
karaw 18.18 to shriek 5. no evidence for borrowing
njəm 18.19 to howl 5. no evidence for borrowing
kluŋ (2) 18.21 to speak or talk 5. no evidence for borrowing
pagak 18.21 to speak or talk 5. no evidence for borrowing
gagap 18.211 to stutter or stammer 1. clearly borrowed
bət 18.22 to say 5. no evidence for borrowing
tlɛʔ 18.22 to say 5. no evidence for borrowing
citərə 18.221 to tell 1. clearly borrowed
sayɔk 18.23 to be silent 5. no evidence for borrowing
coʔ (2 18.28 the name 5. no evidence for borrowing
taɲɛ̃ʔ 18.31 to ask(1) 1. clearly borrowed
tamɑh 18.32 to answer 1. clearly borrowed
jawap 18.32 to answer 1. clearly borrowed
saŋoʔ 18.33 to admit 3. perhaps borrowed
haguʔ 18.35 to ask(2) 4. very little evidence for borrowing
caɲ 18.39 to scold 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoh 18.41 to call(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
pncoʔ 18.42 to call(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
krɲɛ̃s 18.44 to threaten 5. no evidence for borrowing
tulis 18.51 to write 1. clearly borrowed
ktas 18.56 the paper 1. clearly borrowed
pensel 18.57 the pen 1. clearly borrowed
bukuʔ 18.61 the book 1. clearly borrowed
buku (Malay )
sunɛ̃ʔ 18.71 the flute 1. clearly borrowed
pkan 19.15 the town 1. clearly borrowed
kampoŋ 19.16 the village 1. clearly borrowed
briʔ 19.21 the people 5. no evidence for borrowing
tuŋkat 19.25 the walking stick 1. clearly borrowed
rajaʔ 19.32 the king 1. clearly borrowed
raja (Malay )
ʔɔr 19.45 to command or order 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔak 19.47 to permit 5. no evidence for borrowing
kawan 19.51 the friend 1. clearly borrowed
gop 19.55 the stranger 5. no evidence for borrowing
paɲũʔ 19.565 to invite 5. no evidence for borrowing
pakat 19.565 to invite 1. clearly borrowed
toloŋ 19.58 to help 1. clearly borrowed
ʔadat 19.61 the custom 1. clearly borrowed
adat (Malay )
yow 19.65 to meet 5. no evidence for borrowing
lawan 20.11 to fight 1. clearly borrowed
praŋ 20.13 the war or battle 1. clearly borrowed
ʔasəkar 20.15 the army 1. clearly borrowed
ʔasəkar 20.17 the soldier 1. clearly borrowed
ɲataʔ 20.21 the weapons 1. clearly borrowed
lɔc 20.24 the bow 5. no evidence for borrowing
panɛ̃h 20.25 the arrow 1. clearly borrowed
ʔɑt 20.26 the spear 5. no evidence for borrowing
kres 20.27 the sword 1. clearly borrowed
bdil 20.28 the gun 1. clearly borrowed
mɛ̃t kayel 20.52 the fishhook 5. no evidence for borrowing
taliʔ taŋsiʔ 20.53 the fishing line 1. clearly borrowed
jareŋ 20.54 the fishnet 1. clearly borrowed
sareŋ 20.55 the fish trap 2. probably borrowed
twar 20.55 the fish trap 1. clearly borrowed
tuar (Malay )
ʔumpan 20.56 the bait 1. clearly borrowed
pndap 20.61 to hunt 5. no evidence for borrowing
tembaʔ 20.62 to shoot 1. clearly borrowed
bəhac 20.63 to miss 5. no evidence for borrowing
lac 20.63 to miss 5. no evidence for borrowing
maleŋ 21.51 to steal 1. clearly borrowed
tuhan 22.12 the god 1. clearly borrowed
grɛjə 22.131 the church 1. clearly borrowed
pwasaʔ 22.26 to fast 1. clearly borrowed
jŋluŋ 22.45 the ghost 5. no evidence for borrowing
dyoʔ 23.1 the radio 1. clearly borrowed
< radio (English )
tibi 23.11 the television 1. clearly borrowed
tv (Malay )
mɔtɔ 23.135 the motorcycle 1. clearly borrowed
moto (Malay )
kitaʔ 23.14 the car 1. clearly borrowed
bas 23.15 the bus 1. clearly borrowed
bas (Malay )
kapal (2) 23.16 the airplane 1. clearly borrowed
ʔɔs 23.17 the electricity 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔubat 23.175 the battery 1. clearly borrowed
ubat (Malay )
miɲɛ̃k pitrol 23.195 the petroleum 5. no evidence for borrowing
hyãʔ spital 23.2 the hospital 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʔubat ngɑt 23.22 the pill or tablet 5. no evidence for borrowing
poles 23.33 the police 1. clearly borrowed
surat (1) 23.36 the birth certificate 1. clearly borrowed
surat (2) 23.42 the letter 1. clearly borrowed
payet 23.5 the tap/faucet 1. clearly borrowed
paip (Malay )
< pipe (English )
tandas 23.52 the toilet 1. clearly borrowed
tilam 23.53 the mattress 1. clearly borrowed
tɛŋ 23.54 the tin/can 1. clearly borrowed
tin (Malay )
dɨŋ 23.56 the bottle 5. no evidence for borrowing
cɔklat 23.565 the candy/sweets 1. clearly borrowed
bom 23.575 the bomb 1. clearly borrowed
bom (Malay )
makaw siŋgret 23.59 the cigarette 5. no evidence for borrowing
tɑm tɛh 23.9 the tea 1. clearly borrowed
teh (Malay )
tɑm kopi 23.91 the coffee 5. no evidence for borrowing
kopi (Malay )
wəʔ 24.01 to be 5. no evidence for borrowing
jadiʔ 24.02 to become 1. clearly borrowed
jadi (Malay )
ŋɛ̃n 24.04 with 1. clearly borrowed
biʔ 24.04 with 5. no evidence for borrowing
həʔ 24.06 not 5. no evidence for borrowing
daʔ 24.07 this 5. no evidence for borrowing
nũʔ 24.08 that 5. no evidence for borrowing
handaʔ 24.09 here 5. no evidence for borrowing
hanũʔ 24.1 there 5. no evidence for borrowing
hantoy 24.1 there 5. no evidence for borrowing
paləʔ 24.11 other 5. no evidence for borrowing