Gurindji Vocabulary

by Patrick McConvell

The vocabulary contains 1028 meaning-word pairs from the recipient language Gurindji. The corresponding text chapter was published in the book Loanwords in the World's Languages. The language page Gurindji contains a list of all loanwords arranged by donor languoid.

Word LWT Code Meaning Borrowed Status Source Words
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Word

The word is given in the usual orthography or transcription, and in the usual citation form.

Click on a word to get even more information than is shown in this table.

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LWT Code

The Loanword Typology code is the identifier of the Loanword Typology meaning. Sorting by LWT Code sorts the words thematically by semantic field.

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Meaning

This column shows the labels of the Loanword Typology meanings. By clicking on a meaning label, you get more information about the meaning, as well as a list of all words that are counterparts of that meaning.

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Borrowed Status

There are five borrowed statuses, reflecting decreasing likelihood that the word is a loanword:

  1. clearly borrowed
  2. probably borrowed
  3. perhaps borrowed
  4. very little evidence for borrowing
  5. no evidence for borrowing
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Source Words

For (possible) loanwords, this column shows the words in the source languages that served as models.

ngurra 1.21 the land 5. no evidence for borrowing
janja 1.212 the soil 4. very little evidence for borrowing
jurtu 1.213 the dust 2. probably borrowed
jurdu (Jaru )
kurlwa 1.214 the mud 2. probably borrowed
warrayarl 1.215 the sand 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngarlaka 1.22 the mountain or hill 2. probably borrowed
warranginy 1.222 the cliff or precipice 2. probably borrowed
palangarri 1.23 the plain 1. clearly borrowed
talukurru 1.24 the valley 2. probably borrowed
lutju 1.25 the island 5. no evidence for borrowing
pirntiwirti 1.27 the shore 5. no evidence for borrowing
jarriny 1.28 the cave 2. probably borrowed
ngawa 1.31 the water 5. no evidence for borrowing
wangkuwala 1.32 the sea 1. clearly borrowed
ngawirlangpirlangmulung 1.322 calm 2. probably borrowed
ngawirlangpirlangjawung 1.323 rough(2) 2. probably borrowed
ngamarla 1.324 the foam 5. no evidence for borrowing
langkana 1.33 the lake 1. clearly borrowed
ngawirlangpirlang 1.35 the wave 2. probably borrowed
pinka 1.36 the river or stream 2. probably borrowed
winyji 1.37 the spring or well 5. no evidence for borrowing
nangkurru 1.38 the swamp 5. no evidence for borrowing
yanturri 1.39 the waterfall 2. probably borrowed
manyja 1.41 the woods or forest 5. no evidence for borrowing
pakara 1.411 the savanna 2. probably borrowed
karnti 1.43 the wood 2. probably borrowed
wumara 1.44 the stone or rock 1. clearly borrowed
kulumarra 1.51 the sky 1. clearly borrowed
wurlngarn 1.52 the sun 2. probably borrowed
jakiliny 1.53 the moon 1. clearly borrowed
kiki 1.54 the star 2. probably borrowed
gigi (Jaru )
janginyina 1.55 the lightning 2. probably borrowed
turlurlup 1.56 the thunder 2. probably borrowed
janginyina 1.57 the bolt of lightning 2. probably borrowed
walawuru 1.58 the storm 5. no evidence for borrowing
waji 1.59 the rainbow 3. perhaps borrowed
ngunti 1.61 the light 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mum 1.62 the darkness 2. probably borrowed
< muwum (Jingulu )
yarti 1.63 the shade or shadow 2. probably borrowed
yarti (Jaru )
karrngan 1.64 the dew 2. probably borrowed
wumaj 1.72 the wind 2. probably borrowed
maarn 1.73 the cloud 1. clearly borrowed
kaparru 1.74 the fog 1. clearly borrowed
yipu 1.75 the rain 2. probably borrowed
murrupa 1.77 the ice 2. probably borrowed
murrupa-k karri- 1.775 to freeze 2. probably borrowed
warlu 1.81 the fire 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngunti 1.82 the flame 4. very little evidence for borrowing
jungkart 1.83 the smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngapurung 1.831 the steam 2. probably borrowed
puna 1.84 the ash 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kunyini 1.841 the embers 5. no evidence for borrowing
purtuj kampa- 1.851 to burn(1) 2. probably borrowed
jiya- 1.852 to burn(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kirrim kampa- 1.86 to light 2. probably borrowed
jipu(n) pa- 1.861 to extinguish 1. clearly borrowed
< jibu (Wardaman )
kirrim-kaji 1.87 the match 1. clearly borrowed
warlu 1.88 the firewood 5. no evidence for borrowing
kunyini 1.89 the charcoal 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngumpit 2.1 the person 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngumpit 2.21 the man 5. no evidence for borrowing
janka 2.22 the woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
malyju 2.23 male(1) 2. probably borrowed
malju (Jaru )
nampiyita 2.24 female(1) 3. perhaps borrowed
malyju 2.25 the boy 2. probably borrowed
malju (Jaru )
yarrulan 2.251 the young man 2. probably borrowed
manga 2.26 the girl 3. perhaps borrowed
wamala 2.261 the young woman 2. probably borrowed
karu 2.27 the child(1) 4. very little evidence for borrowing
yapakaru 2.28 the baby 2. probably borrowed
ngumparna 2.31 the husband 4. very little evidence for borrowing
janka 2.32 the wife 5. no evidence for borrowing
luku 2.33 to marry 2. probably borrowed
witing 2.34 the wedding 1. clearly borrowed
ngaji 2.35 the father 2. probably borrowed
ngawi (Jaru )
ngamayi 2.36 the mother 5. no evidence for borrowing
luku 2.38 the married man 2. probably borrowed
kajirri 2.39 the married woman 2. probably borrowed
ngalawuny 2.41 the son 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurturtu 2.42 the daughter 2. probably borrowed
karu 2.43 the child(2) 4. very little evidence for borrowing
papa 2.44 the brother 2. probably borrowed
ngapa 2.444 the older brother 2. probably borrowed
karlaj 2.445 the younger brother 1. clearly borrowed
kapuku 2.45 the sister 2. probably borrowed
kawurlu 2.454 the older sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
karlaj 2.455 the younger sister 1. clearly borrowed
karlaj 2.4562 the younger sibling 1. clearly borrowed
karli kujarra 2.458 the twins 2. probably borrowed
kaku 2.46 the grandfather 1. clearly borrowed
jawiji 2.46 the grandfather 4. very little evidence for borrowing
marluka 2.461 the old man 3. perhaps borrowed
jaju 2.47 the grandmother 2. probably borrowed
ngapuju 2.47 the grandmother 3. perhaps borrowed
kajirri 2.471 the old woman 2. probably borrowed
kaminyjarr 2.48 the grandson 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaminyjarr 2.49 the granddaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngamirni 2.511 the mother's brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngaji 2.512 the father's brother 2. probably borrowed
ngawi (Jaru )
ngamayi 2.521 the mother's sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
mukurl 2.522 the father's sister 2. probably borrowed
mugul (Jaru )
kurturtu 2.53 the nephew 2. probably borrowed
ngalawuny 2.54 the niece 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurturtu 2.541 the sibling’s child 2. probably borrowed
parnkurti 2.55 the cousin 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kamparrijang 2.56 the ancestors 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngumayijang 2.57 the descendants 3. perhaps borrowed
lamparra 2.61 the father-in-law (of a man) 2. probably borrowed
lamparra 2.611 the father-in-law (of a woman) 2. probably borrowed
mali 2.62 the mother-in-law (of a man) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurriji 2.621 the mother-in-law (of a woman) 2. probably borrowed
lamparra 2.622 the parents-in-law 2. probably borrowed
lamparra 2.63 the son-in-law (of a man) 2. probably borrowed
mali 2.631 the son-in-law (of a woman) 5. no evidence for borrowing
lamparra 2.64 the daughter-in-law (of a man) 2. probably borrowed
kurriji 2.641 the daughter-in-law (of a woman) 2. probably borrowed
mali 2.6411 the child-in-law 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngumparna 2.6412 the sibling-in-law 4. very little evidence for borrowing
wangaak 2.75 the orphan 3. perhaps borrowed
wangu 2.76 the widow 2. probably borrowed
karliyinta 2.77 the widower 2. probably borrowed
nungkiying 2.81 the relatives 2. probably borrowed
nungkiying 2.82 the family 2. probably borrowed
ngayu 2.91 I 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyuntu 2.92 you (singular) 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyantu 2.93 he/she/it 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyantu 2.931 he 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyantu 2.932 she 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyantu 2.933 it 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngaliwa 2.941 we (inclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngantipa 2.942 we (exclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyurrulu 2.95 you (plural) 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyarrulu 2.96 they 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngarin 3.11 the animal 1. clearly borrowed
malyju 3.12 male(2) 2. probably borrowed
malju (Jaru )
nampiyita 3.13 female(2) 3. perhaps borrowed
patik 3.16 the pasture 1. clearly borrowed
takman 3.18 the herdsman 1. clearly borrowed
yawarta-wu marru 3.19 the stable or stall 1. clearly borrowed
puliki 3.2 the cattle 1. clearly borrowed
puliki 3.23 the cow 1. clearly borrowed
kaapikaapi 3.24 the calf 1. clearly borrowed
kartpiralang 3.25 the sheep 2. probably borrowed
pikipiki 3.35 the pig 1. clearly borrowed
kilpukut 3.36 the goat 2. probably borrowed
yawarta 3.41 the horse 1. clearly borrowed
langajuwal 3.46 the donkey 5. no evidence for borrowing
kukkuk 3.55 the chicken 4. very little evidence for borrowing
jipilyuku 3.57 the duck 3. perhaps borrowed
juru 3.58 the nest 1. clearly borrowed
jurlak 3.581 the bird 2. probably borrowed
< jirek- (Kija )
jalwa 3.583 the heron 5. no evidence for borrowing
warlawurru 3.584 the eagle 5. no evidence for borrowing
kalpun 3.585 the hawk 2. probably borrowed
parnkal 3.591 the bat 5. no evidence for borrowing
warrpawurru 3.591 the bat 2. probably borrowed
pangarra 3.592 the parrot 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngarnalang 3.592 the parrot 2. probably borrowed
milnginymilnginy 3.592 the parrot 3. perhaps borrowed
wangkuriny 3.593 the crow 2. probably borrowed
kuljara 3.594 the dove 2. probably borrowed
mukmuk 3.596 the owl 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuyarru 3.596 the owl 2. probably borrowed
purrkiji 3.597 the cormorant 2. probably borrowed
warlaku 3.61 the dog 2. probably borrowed
< walagu (Jaru )
jangana 3.614 the rabbit 3. perhaps borrowed
minija 3.62 the cat 2. probably borrowed
jangana 3.622 the opossum 3. perhaps borrowed
puwuny 3.63 the mouse or rat 4. very little evidence for borrowing
murrunkirn 3.63 the mouse or rat 2. probably borrowed
yawu 3.65 the fish 1. clearly borrowed
nyili 3.653 the scale 1. clearly borrowed
parnngirri 3.655 the shell 2. probably borrowed
murlukurr 3.72 the lion 2. probably borrowed
wutungarna 3.76 the monkey 3. perhaps borrowed
yartupkarrawaji 3.78 the camel 2. probably borrowed
wutu 3.811 the head louse 2. probably borrowed
wawuyany 3.8112 the body louse 4. very little evidence for borrowing
yingkuwarl 3.812 the nit 2. probably borrowed
lirrimi 3.814 the centipede 3. perhaps borrowed
muntarla 3.815 the scorpion 1. clearly borrowed
kumpirlang 3.816 the cockroach 3. perhaps borrowed
pingi 3.817 the ant 5. no evidence for borrowing
tarru 3.818 the spider 5. no evidence for borrowing
karrata 3.819 the spider web 3. perhaps borrowed
nama 3.82 the bee 5. no evidence for borrowing
tarla 3.821 the beeswax 2. probably borrowed
ngarlu 3.822 the beehive 3. perhaps borrowed
nganyanya 3.823 the wasp 5. no evidence for borrowing
walngirn 3.83 the fly 2. probably borrowed
kirnali 3.832 the mosquito 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kanamarrurru 3.832 the mosquito 5. no evidence for borrowing
jaalij 3.833 the prawns or shrimp 2. probably borrowed
murnkurt 3.834 the termites 3. perhaps borrowed
mitirli 3.835 the tick 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuljany 3.85 the snake 2. probably borrowed
ngurrakin 3.862 the coyote 2. probably borrowed
purntaru 3.865 the quail 5. no evidence for borrowing
jiya 3.88 the kangaroo 4. very little evidence for borrowing
jungkuwurru 3.89 the anteater 2. probably borrowed
kampangayi 3.91 the firefly 4. very little evidence for borrowing
wirnturruyawung 3.917 the buffalo 4. very little evidence for borrowing
malimali 3.92 the butterfly 4. very little evidence for borrowing
pirlpirlji 3.93 the grasshopper 2. probably borrowed
jakiliny 3.94 the snail 1. clearly borrowed
ngalja 3.95 the frog 2. probably borrowed
lungkura 3.96 the lizard 5. no evidence for borrowing
kirrawa 3.96 the lizard 2. probably borrowed
warrija 3.97 the crocodile or alligator 1. clearly borrowed
narrinyjila 3.98 the turtle 3. perhaps borrowed
puya 4.11 the body 5. no evidence for borrowing
wajawurr 4.12 the skin or hide 3. perhaps borrowed
niyan 4.13 the flesh 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kartpi 4.14 the hair 2. probably borrowed
jika 4.142 the beard 2. probably borrowed
ngurrurn 4.145 the pubic hair 2. probably borrowed
yarrji 4.146 the dandruff 5. no evidence for borrowing
kungulu 4.15 the blood 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kampun 4.151 the vein or artery 3. perhaps borrowed
kuyuwarn 4.16 the bone 4. very little evidence for borrowing
pirntiyi 4.162 the rib 5. no evidence for borrowing
wirnturru 4.17 the horn 4. very little evidence for borrowing
jawut 4.18 the tail 5. no evidence for borrowing
parntawurru 4.19 the back 4. very little evidence for borrowing
parntawurru 4.191 the spine 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ngarlaka 4.2 the head 2. probably borrowed
mikilyi 4.203 the brain 3. perhaps borrowed
lungarn 4.204 the face 5. no evidence for borrowing
lungarn 4.205 the forehead 5. no evidence for borrowing
jakuwi 4.207 the jaw 3. perhaps borrowed
jakuwi 4.208 the cheek 3. perhaps borrowed
jangarnka 4.209 the chin 3. perhaps borrowed
mila 4.21 the eye 4. very little evidence for borrowing
yimitjimitji 4.212 the eyebrow 1. clearly borrowed
miljangarriny 4.213 the eyelid 5. no evidence for borrowing
milyjangarriny 4.214 the eyelash 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyimij 4.215 to blink 2. probably borrowed
langa 4.22 the ear 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mankalinyan 4.222 the earwax 3. perhaps borrowed
jitji 4.23 the nose 5. no evidence for borrowing
jitji jarriny 4.231 the nostril 2. probably borrowed
nyitjira 4.232 the nasal mucus 5. no evidence for borrowing
lirra 4.24 the mouth 5. no evidence for borrowing
jitji 4.241 the beak 5. no evidence for borrowing
wanyput 4.25 the lip 3. perhaps borrowed
jalany 4.26 the tongue 5. no evidence for borrowing
lirra 4.27 the tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngirlkirri 4.28 the neck 2. probably borrowed
jikirtikirti 4.281 the nape of the neck 3. perhaps borrowed
ngirlkirri 4.29 the throat 2. probably borrowed
laja 4.3 the shoulder 2. probably borrowed
laja (Jaru )
laparn 4.301 the shoulderblade 2. probably borrowed
warting 4.302 the collarbone 2. probably borrowed
wartarn 4.31 the arm 2. probably borrowed
karrwi 4.312 the armpit 5. no evidence for borrowing
nungkuru 4.32 the elbow 1. clearly borrowed
kajurta 4.321 the wrist 2. probably borrowed
wartarn 4.33 the hand 2. probably borrowed
wartarn majul 4.331 the palm of the hand 2. probably borrowed
wartarn nanta 4.34 the finger 3. perhaps borrowed
wartarn ngamayi 4.342 the thumb 4. very little evidence for borrowing
lipi 4.344 the fingernail 2. probably borrowed
lipi 4.345 the claw 2. probably borrowed
jamana 4.35 the leg 2. probably borrowed
kala 4.351 the thigh 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurtpu 4.352 the calf of the leg 2. probably borrowed
tingarri 4.36 the knee 5. no evidence for borrowing
jamana 4.37 the foot 2. probably borrowed
tari 4.371 the ankle 5. no evidence for borrowing
luju 4.372 the heel 2. probably borrowed
luju (Jaru )
jamana 4.374 the footprint 2. probably borrowed
jamana ngamayi 4.38 the toe 1. clearly borrowed
pinkirr 4.392 the wing 5. no evidence for borrowing
pinkirr 4.393 the feather 5. no evidence for borrowing
mangali 4.4 the chest 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngapurlu 4.41 the breast 2. probably borrowed
timpi 4.412 the nipple or teat 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ngapurlu 4.42 the udder 2. probably borrowed
jurlu 4.43 the navel 4. very little evidence for borrowing
majul 4.431 the belly 1. clearly borrowed
tulang 4.44 the heart 4. very little evidence for borrowing
yaya 4.441 the lung 3. perhaps borrowed
malumpa 4.45 the liver 2. probably borrowed
jiminkirt 4.451 the kidney 2. probably borrowed
majul 4.46 the stomach 1. clearly borrowed
lupu 4.461 the intestines or guts 2. probably borrowed
larnti 4.463 the hip 3. perhaps borrowed
maru 4.464 the buttocks 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kampun 4.465 the sinew or tendon 3. perhaps borrowed
warlapan 4.47 the womb 3. perhaps borrowed
ngirlngirl 4.49 the testicles 4. very little evidence for borrowing
lumpa 4.492 the penis 3. perhaps borrowed
wakarra 4.493 the vagina 3. perhaps borrowed
puju 4.494 the vulva 2. probably borrowed
buju (Jaru )
ngayirrp ma- 4.51 to breathe 4. very little evidence for borrowing
jaakip ma- 4.52 to yawn 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ringakap ma- 4.521 to hiccough 3. perhaps borrowed
kulyurrk ma- 4.53 to cough 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ngajirrp ma- 4.54 to sneeze 3. perhaps borrowed
jilngit ya- 4.55 to perspire 4. very little evidence for borrowing
jupak yuwa- 4.56 to spit 2. probably borrowed
kurlpak yuwa- 4.57 to vomit 2. probably borrowed
paya- 4.58 to bite 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngalyak paya- 4.59 to lick 1. clearly borrowed
jawul walywalyarra karri- 4.591 to dribble 2. probably borrowed
makin karri- 4.61 to sleep 2. probably borrowed
magin (Jaru )
purrngip ma- 4.612 to snore 2. probably borrowed
kuni ma- 4.62 to dream 2. probably borrowed
tuliny ya- 4.63 to wake up 3. perhaps borrowed
tirrirn ngaya- 4.64 to fart 2. probably borrowed
kumpu ngaya- 4.65 to piss 5. no evidence for borrowing
kura ngaya- 4.66 to shit 2. probably borrowed
kupuk nga- 4.67 to have sex 3. perhaps borrowed
tarlarlap karri- 4.68 to shiver 1. clearly borrowed
taruk wani- 4.69 to bathe 1. clearly borrowed
paraj pu- 4.71 to beget 2. probably borrowed
paraj wani- 4.72 to be born 2. probably borrowed
ngarturr 4.73 pregnant 2. probably borrowed
wanji 4.74 to be alive 5. no evidence for borrowing
wanji 4.741 the life 5. no evidence for borrowing
tampang 4.75 to die 2. probably borrowed
tampang 4.7501 dead 2. probably borrowed
nyiny nga- 4.751 to drown 2. probably borrowed
tampang pa- 4.76 to kill 2. probably borrowed
linyjarr 4.77 the corpse 4. very little evidence for borrowing
lunkurr 4.771 the carcass 5. no evidence for borrowing
jipij yuwa- 4.78 to bury 2. probably borrowed
< dheb (Miriwung )
nakurr 4.79 the grave 2. probably borrowed
patawarn 4.81 strong 3. perhaps borrowed
marlurlumpurr karri- 4.82 weak 3. perhaps borrowed
yalpuyalpu karri- 4.83 healthy 2. probably borrowed
janga 4.84 sick/ill 4. very little evidence for borrowing
makurrmakurr 4.841 the fever 2. probably borrowed
kulyurr 4.843 the cold 5. no evidence for borrowing
janga 4.844 the disease 4. very little evidence for borrowing
janga 4.85 the wound or sore 4. very little evidence for borrowing
rumpa 4.853 the swelling 2. probably borrowed
jalya 4.854 the itch 5. no evidence for borrowing
yikarrp ma- 4.8541 to scratch 1. clearly borrowed
kira 4.855 the blister 3. perhaps borrowed
karlapa 4.856 the boil 3. perhaps borrowed
puka 4.857 the pus 2. probably borrowed
buga (Jaru )
paturu 4.858 the scar 1. clearly borrowed
nyangu-nyangu 4.87 the physician 5. no evidence for borrowing
mirrijin 4.88 the medicine 1. clearly borrowed
mawuya 4.89 the poison 3. perhaps borrowed
purrku 4.91 tired 1. clearly borrowed
yawarra 4.912 to rest 3. perhaps borrowed
pujarl 4.92 lazy 1. clearly borrowed
papulwari 4.93 bald 3. perhaps borrowed
< babu (Wardaman )
martilyi 4.94 lame 3. perhaps borrowed
wila 4.95 deaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
marnumulung 4.96 mute 5. no evidence for borrowing
kamamurru 4.97 blind 1. clearly borrowed
ngawanginyi 4.98 drunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
wijparlarra 4.99 naked 3. perhaps borrowed
< wij (Jaru , uncertain)
< wij (Miriwung , uncertain)
< wij (Jaminjung , uncertain)
jaartkarra nga- 5.11 to eat 5. no evidence for borrowing
mangarri 5.12 the food 2. probably borrowed
jiwirri 5.121 cooked 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurnka 5.122 raw 5. no evidence for borrowing
jiwirri 5.123 ripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurnka 5.124 unripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
puka 5.125 rotten 2. probably borrowed
buga (Jaru )
kukij paya- 5.13 to drink 3. perhaps borrowed
nunykuwarra 5.14 to be hungry 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurranyku 5.15 to be thirsty 2. probably borrowed
nyuk paya- 5.16 to suck 3. perhaps borrowed
ngulynguly paya- 5.18 to chew 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngirljik nga- 5.181 to swallow 1. clearly borrowed
kartaj ma- 5.19 to choke 2. probably borrowed
kampa- 5.21 to cook 5. no evidence for borrowing
purrngpurrngkarra karri- 5.22 to boil 2. probably borrowed
wupkarra kampa- 5.23 to roast or fry 3. perhaps borrowed
kampa- 5.24 to bake 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurrku 5.25 the oven 2. probably borrowed
kartak 5.26 the pot 1. clearly borrowed
kartak 5.27 the kettle 1. clearly borrowed
pilayit 5.32 the plate 1. clearly borrowed
kartak 5.35 the cup 1. clearly borrowed
lurlupkarraaji 5.37 the spoon 2. probably borrowed
japirri 5.38 the knife(1) 1. clearly borrowed
tanku 5.41 the meal 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kurrjalp 5.42 the breakfast 4. very little evidence for borrowing
tina 5.43 the lunch 1. clearly borrowed
tina 5.44 the dinner 1. clearly borrowed
japa 5.45 the supper 1. clearly borrowed
mirlij pa- 5.46 to peel 5. no evidence for borrowing
wirnarrk ma- 5.48 to scrape 5. no evidence for borrowing
parlak yuwa- 5.49 to stir or to mix 2. probably borrowed
mangarri 5.51 the bread 2. probably borrowed
ngamayak 5.53 the dough 2. probably borrowed
jalajkarra ma- 5.54 to knead 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mangarri 5.55 the flour 2. probably borrowed
jama- 5.56 to crush or to grind 5. no evidence for borrowing
jikurnu 5.58 the mortar(1) 2. probably borrowed
marang 5.59 the pestle 1. clearly borrowed
ngarin 5.61 the meat 1. clearly borrowed
jarrarrwuluk 5.63 the sausage 4. very little evidence for borrowing
yingalk 5.64 the soup 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mangarri 5.65 the vegetables 2. probably borrowed
pikurta 5.7 the potato 2. probably borrowed
mangarri 5.71 the fruit 2. probably borrowed
kulpap karri- 5.712 the bunch 2. probably borrowed
nampula 5.75 the fig 1. clearly borrowed
timpi 5.77 the nut 4. very little evidence for borrowing
wararr 5.79 the oil 3. perhaps borrowed
wararr 5.791 the grease or fat 3. perhaps borrowed
karang 5.81 the salt 4. very little evidence for borrowing
pipa 5.82 the pepper 1. clearly borrowed
ngarlu 5.84 the honey 3. perhaps borrowed
warrayal 5.85 the sugar 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngapurlu 5.86 the milk 2. probably borrowed
julymip ma- 5.87 to milk 4. very little evidence for borrowing
wararr 5.89 the butter 3. perhaps borrowed
ngawa 5.9 the drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
mirlarrang 5.93 the beer 2. probably borrowed
< mila (Wardaman )
ngawa 5.94 the fermented drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
kampij 5.97 the egg 5. no evidence for borrowing
karrikurn 5.971 the yolk 2. probably borrowed
wirriman yuwa- 6.11 to put on 1. clearly borrowed
< wear (English )
wapaapa 6.12 the clothing or clothes 2. probably borrowed
< waba (Wambaya )
mintimkaji 6.13 the tailor 1. clearly borrowed
< mend (English )
yurnun 6.21 the cloth 5. no evidence for borrowing
kartpi 6.28 the fur 2. probably borrowed
wajawurr 6.29 the leather 3. perhaps borrowed
wamip pa- 6.31 to spin 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mankurru 6.32 the spindle 5. no evidence for borrowing
mintim ma- 6.35 to sew 1. clearly borrowed
< mend (English )
niil 6.36 the needle(1) 1. clearly borrowed
neel (Kriol )
warrpa 6.42 the (woman's) dress 2. probably borrowed
lunkurrngarna 6.43 the coat 3. perhaps borrowed
lunkurrngarna 6.44 the shirt 3. perhaps borrowed
jurrulungku 6.48 the trousers 2. probably borrowed
jamana 6.51 the shoe 2. probably borrowed
jamana 6.52 the boot 2. probably borrowed
murrkartu 6.55 the hat or cap 2. probably borrowed
wirriji 6.57 the belt 2. probably borrowed
wurruny 6.59 the veil 3. perhaps borrowed
nunpa 6.61 the pocket 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kiki 6.71 the ornament or adornment 2. probably borrowed
gigi (Jaru )
taman 6.74 the bracelet 4. very little evidence for borrowing
tartij 6.78 the headband or headdress 2. probably borrowed
purrjarn 6.92 the brush 4. very little evidence for borrowing
pijina 6.921 the plait/braid 3. perhaps borrowed
nyumurli 6.95 the soap 2. probably borrowed
karri- 7.11 to live 5. no evidence for borrowing
marru 7.12 the house 2. probably borrowed
marru (Jaru )
mangkaya 7.13 the hut 4. very little evidence for borrowing
maralyi 7.16 the men's house 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kurrmari 7.18 the meeting house 4. very little evidence for borrowing
jawitiwiti 7.22 the door or gate 4. very little evidence for borrowing
warluwaji 7.31 the fireplace 5. no evidence for borrowing
tankuj 7.37 the ladder 4. very little evidence for borrowing
pang 7.42 the bed 1. clearly borrowed
tuwarrji 7.421 the pillow 5. no evidence for borrowing
palkin 7.422 the blanket 2. probably borrowed
< bard (Wardaman )
lurluwaji 7.43 the chair 2. probably borrowed
ngunti 7.45 the lamp or torch 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kantata 7.51 the roof 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ngurra 7.65 the camp 5. no evidence for borrowing
patik 8.12 the field 1. clearly borrowed
patik 8.16 the fence 1. clearly borrowed
kurrijkarra pu- 8.22 to dig 1. clearly borrowed
kiyarri 8.28 the digging stick (=yamstick) 4. very little evidence for borrowing
timpi 8.311 the seed 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mangurlu 8.42 the grain 2. probably borrowed
yuka 8.51 the grass 2. probably borrowed
yuka (Jaru )
wirnturru 8.54 the root 4. very little evidence for borrowing
jalyi 8.55 the branch 5. no evidence for borrowing
jalyi 8.56 the leaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
yirna 8.57 the flower 5. no evidence for borrowing
karnti 8.6 the tree 2. probably borrowed
warampurr 8.67 the vine 2. probably borrowed
ngunyju 8.68 the tobacco 2. probably borrowed
lujkarra nga- 8.69 to smoke 4. very little evidence for borrowing
lujkarraaji 8.691 the pipe 4. very little evidence for borrowing
marna 8.73 the tree trunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
jarra 8.74 the forked branch 5. no evidence for borrowing
parnnga 8.75 the bark 2. probably borrowed
tinung 8.76 the sap 2. probably borrowed
kajkuru 8.81 the palm tree 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kurlartarti 8.83 the citrus fruit 2. probably borrowed
panana 8.84 the banana 1. clearly borrowed
pikurta 8.91 the sweet potato 2. probably borrowed
mangurlu 8.911 the millet or sorghum 2. probably borrowed
pikurta 8.912 the yam 2. probably borrowed
rawurru 8.94 the bamboo 4. very little evidence for borrowing
manyingila 8.96 the fish poison 4. very little evidence for borrowing
jarnpirta 8.98 the mushroom 2. probably borrowed
karri- with LOCATVE 9.11 to do 5. no evidence for borrowing
pirrka ma- 9.111 to make 1. clearly borrowed
waruk 9.12 the work 1. clearly borrowed
< work (English )
kirturlk ma- 9.14 to bend 2. probably borrowed
nurlunurlu yuwa- 9.15 to fold 2. probably borrowed
tipit ma- 9.16 to tie 1. clearly borrowed
jurlal yuwa- 9.161 to untie 4. very little evidence for borrowing
muntiri 9.19 the rope 5. no evidence for borrowing
mijirrk 9.192 the knot 3. perhaps borrowed
pa- 9.21 to strike or hit or beat 5. no evidence for borrowing
tarl pa- 9.211 to pound 2. probably borrowed
kataj pa- 9.22 to cut 1. clearly borrowed
< gad (Miriwung )
turrp pu- 9.223 to stab 1. clearly borrowed
japirri 9.23 the knife(2) 1. clearly borrowed
wirlka 9.25 the axe/ax 1. clearly borrowed
wilga (Jaru )
paki-paki 9.251 the adze 1. clearly borrowed
pakirr pa- 9.26 to break 2. probably borrowed
< bag (Miriwung )
jilmungpari 9.261 broken 4. very little evidence for borrowing
lak pa- 9.27 to split 2. probably borrowed
< lag (Wardaman )
jirrip pa- 9.28 to tear 2. probably borrowed
mirlij pa- 9.29 to skin 5. no evidence for borrowing
yurr ma- 9.31 to rub 2. probably borrowed
< yurr (Miriwung )
kamang ma- 9.311 to wipe 4. very little evidence for borrowing
wuyi ma- 9.32 to stretch 2. probably borrowed
yirr ma- 9.33 to pull 2. probably borrowed
< yirr (Wardaman )
palkin yuwa- 9.34 to spread out 2. probably borrowed
talwirr yuwa- 9.341 to hang up 2. probably borrowed
< dad (Miriwung )
nut papa- 9.342 to press 1. clearly borrowed
july ma- 9.343 to squeeze 2. probably borrowed
julurl wuya- 9.35 to pour 2. probably borrowed
wulyuk ma- 9.36 to wash 4. very little evidence for borrowing
wirnarrk ma- 9.37 to sweep 5. no evidence for borrowing
pirrka ma- 9.44 to build 1. clearly borrowed
tampurr ma- 9.46 to bore 5. no evidence for borrowing
jarriny pirrka ma- 9.461 to hollow out 2. probably borrowed
jikala 9.56 the glue 2. probably borrowed
tartajkarraaji 9.6 the blacksmith 2. probably borrowed
yatu 9.73 the clay 5. no evidence for borrowing
murlukurn 9.74 the glass 2. probably borrowed
wamip ma- 9.75 to weave or plait/braid 4. very little evidence for borrowing
wananga 9.78 the netbag 4. very little evidence for borrowing
wup pa- 9.791 to fan 3. perhaps borrowed
yinka- 9.81 to carve 5. no evidence for borrowing
jangurru 9.84 the chisel 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurrupartu 9.87 the boomerang 2. probably borrowed
yatu 9.88 the paint 5. no evidence for borrowing
punip ma- 9.89 to paint 5. no evidence for borrowing
larlup ma- 9.9 to draw water 4. very little evidence for borrowing
jikurnu 9.93 the whetstone 2. probably borrowed
yingin yuwa- 10.11 to move 2. probably borrowed
wirrminy yuwa- 10.12 to turn 3. perhaps borrowed
wirrminy karri- 10.13 to turn around 2. probably borrowed
nurlu yuwa- 10.14 to wrap 2. probably borrowed
kirritinkarra yuwa- 10.15 to roll 5. no evidence for borrowing
jak ma- 10.16 to drop 2. probably borrowed
walnyirr yuwa- 10.17 to twist 5. no evidence for borrowing
jik ya- 10.21 to rise 3. perhaps borrowed
jarrpip ma- 10.22 to raise or lift 4. very little evidence for borrowing
wani- 10.23 to fall 5. no evidence for borrowing
jilk wani- 10.24 to drip 5. no evidence for borrowing
waj wuya- 10.25 to throw 3. perhaps borrowed
< waj (Wardaman )
jap ma- 10.252 to catch 2. probably borrowed
< jab (Miriwung )
yingin pa- 10.26 to shake 2. probably borrowed
warrayi ya- 10.32 to flow 5. no evidence for borrowing
tarap wani- 10.33 to sink 2. probably borrowed
wumpalp karri- 10.34 to float 2. probably borrowed
lilaj ya- 10.35 to swim 2. probably borrowed
nyimurluk wa- 10.351 to dive 4. very little evidence for borrowing
tijkurlp pa- 10.352 to splash 2. probably borrowed
tiwu ya- 10.37 to fly 2. probably borrowed
< diw (Wardaman )
purriip marn- 10.38 to blow 5. no evidence for borrowing
mingip ya- 10.41 to crawl 2. probably borrowed
lut wani- 10.412 to kneel 5. no evidence for borrowing
jalurlk karri- 10.413 to crouch 2. probably borrowed
yarntaly wani- 10.42 to slide or slip 5. no evidence for borrowing
tipart wani- 10.43 to jump 2. probably borrowed
kaya- 10.431 to kick 5. no evidence for borrowing
warrkap wanyja- 10.44 to dance 1. clearly borrowed
< warrk (Kija )
kalu ya- 10.45 to walk 4. very little evidence for borrowing
takujkarra ya- 10.451 to limp 2. probably borrowed
rarraj ya- 10.46 to run 3. perhaps borrowed
ya- 10.47 to go 5. no evidence for borrowing
partaj ya- 10.471 to go up 2. probably borrowed
partaj ya- 10.472 to climb 2. probably borrowed
jawurruk ya- 10.473 to go down 3. perhaps borrowed
kitangkurra ya- 10.474 to go out 5. no evidence for borrowing
ya- 10.48 to come 5. no evidence for borrowing
wart ya- 10.481 to come back 5. no evidence for borrowing
warrij ya- 10.49 to leave 2. probably borrowed
wapaja karri- 10.491 to disappear 1. clearly borrowed
warl wanyja- 10.51 to flee 2. probably borrowed
kayi pa- 10.52 to follow 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kayi pa- 10.53 to pursue 4. very little evidence for borrowing
tuwa ya- 10.55 to arrive 1. clearly borrowed
< duwa (Wambaya )
jarrminimini karri- 10.56 to approach 4. very little evidence for borrowing
walyak ya- 10.57 to enter 2. probably borrowed
ngurrangkurra ya- 10.58 to go or return home 5. no evidence for borrowing
ka- 10.61 to carry 5. no evidence for borrowing
lajap ka- 10.613 to carry on shoulder 2. probably borrowed
laja (Jaru )
juluj ka- 10.615 to carry under the arm 1. clearly borrowed
ka- 10.62 to bring 5. no evidence for borrowing
jalak yuwa- 10.63 to send 1. clearly borrowed
jirriyirri ka- 10.64 to lead 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ka- 10.65 to drive 5. no evidence for borrowing
jalngak wani- 10.66 to ride 5. no evidence for borrowing
jurlkap yuwa- 10.67 to push 1. clearly borrowed
warntarri 10.71 the road 4. very little evidence for borrowing
warntarri 10.72 the path 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kartiyi 10.83 the boat 3. perhaps borrowed
parr wani- 10.92 to land 1. clearly borrowed
karrwa- 11.11 to have 5. no evidence for borrowing
murlng karrwa- 11.12 to own 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ka- 11.13 to take 5. no evidence for borrowing
jangkawu ma- 11.14 to grasp 5. no evidence for borrowing
turt ma- 11.15 to hold 2. probably borrowed
< durd (Wardaman )
warrkuj ma- 11.16 to get 1. clearly borrowed
jarti karrwa 11.17 to keep 3. perhaps borrowed
nyampayala 11.18 the thing 5. no evidence for borrowing
jayi- 11.21 to give 5. no evidence for borrowing
wart jayi- 11.22 to give back 5. no evidence for borrowing
warra ka- 11.24 to preserve 2. probably borrowed
jal yuwa- 11.25 to rescue 2. probably borrowed
kamang ma 11.27 to destroy 4. very little evidence for borrowing
jangka ka- 11.28 to injure 5. no evidence for borrowing
wankajirrik ma- 11.29 to damage 4. very little evidence for borrowing
karrap nya- 11.31 to look for 3. perhaps borrowed
paraj pu- 11.32 to find 2. probably borrowed
wartuj ma- 11.33 to lose 1. clearly borrowed
purrul yuwa- 11.34 to let go 4. very little evidence for borrowing
wumara 11.43 the money 1. clearly borrowed
tumpalak 11.44 the coin 3. perhaps borrowed
wangaak 11.52 poor 3. perhaps borrowed
liwurrapkaji 11.53 the beggar 5. no evidence for borrowing
muntapungu 11.54 stingy 5. no evidence for borrowing
payim ma- 11.65 to pay 1. clearly borrowed
jalarr yuwa- 11.77 to hire 2. probably borrowed
warukku wumara 11.78 the wages 1. clearly borrowed
wumara ma- 11.79 to earn 1. clearly borrowed
payim ma- 11.81 to buy 1. clearly borrowed
jalim jayi- 11.82 to sell 1. clearly borrowed
< sell (English )
wirnarn jayi- 11.83 to trade or barter 2. probably borrowed
tuwa 11.86 the shop/store 2. probably borrowed
wumara jangkarni 11.88 expensive 1. clearly borrowed
wumara yapawurru 11.89 cheap 1. clearly borrowed
jarrmip karri- 11.91 to share 2. probably borrowed
-nginyi 12.01 after 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngumayi 12.011 behind 5. no evidence for borrowing
-ngka (and allomorphs) 12.012 in 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngka (and allomorphs) 12.013 at 5. no evidence for borrowing
pirnti 12.02 beside 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kanyjal 12.03 down 5. no evidence for borrowing
kamparri 12.041 in front of 5. no evidence for borrowing
walyak 12.05 inside 2. probably borrowed
pakara 12.06 outside 2. probably borrowed
kaninyjal 12.07 under 5. no evidence for borrowing
kankula 12.08 up 5. no evidence for borrowing
kankulapal 12.081 above 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngurra 12.11 the place 5. no evidence for borrowing
yuwa- 12.12 to put 5. no evidence for borrowing
lurlu karri- 12.13 to sit 2. probably borrowed
makin karri- 12.14 to lie down 2. probably borrowed
magin (Jaru )
kutij karri- 12.15 to stand 2. probably borrowed
karri- 12.16 to remain 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurlpap ma- 12.21 to gather 3. perhaps borrowed
warrkuj ma- 12.212 to pick up 1. clearly borrowed
jurtat ma- 12.213 to pile up 2. probably borrowed
jalarr yuwa- 12.22 to join 2. probably borrowed
tirirt ma- 12.23 to separate 4. very little evidence for borrowing
warnparlk ma- 12.24 to open 2. probably borrowed
jipurt ma- 12.25 to shut 2. probably borrowed
jakarr ma- 12.26 to cover 3. perhaps borrowed
wurlaj yuwa- 12.27 to hide 1. clearly borrowed
ngaramala 12.31 high 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kanyjal 12.32 low 5. no evidence for borrowing
japiyapi 12.33 the top 2. probably borrowed
kaninyjal 12.34 the bottom 5. no evidence for borrowing
japiyapi 12.35 the end(1) 2. probably borrowed
kijijiyawung 12.352 pointed 2. probably borrowed
pirnti 12.353 the edge 4. very little evidence for borrowing
pirnti 12.36 the side 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kamurra 12.37 the middle 1. clearly borrowed
jutu 12.41 right(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
jampukarra 12.42 left 2. probably borrowed
kajupari 12.43 near 2. probably borrowed
yikili 12.44 far 3. perhaps borrowed
karrawarra 12.45 the east 5. no evidence for borrowing
karlarra 12.46 the west 5. no evidence for borrowing
kayirra 12.47 the north 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurlarra 12.48 the south 5. no evidence for borrowing
tuma- 12.53 to grow 5. no evidence for borrowing
jangkarni 12.55 big 5. no evidence for borrowing
yapawurru 12.56 small 2. probably borrowed
juwal 12.57 long 4. very little evidence for borrowing
juwal 12.58 tall 4. very little evidence for borrowing
lutu 12.59 short 4. very little evidence for borrowing
payal 12.61 wide 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurrpu 12.62 narrow 3. perhaps borrowed
junyju 12.63 thick 5. no evidence for borrowing
tinkal 12.65 thin 4. very little evidence for borrowing
tarlukurru 12.67 deep 2. probably borrowed
kalja 12.68 shallow 5. no evidence for borrowing
palki 12.71 flat 2. probably borrowed
jutu 12.73 straight 5. no evidence for borrowing
kirturlkpari 12.74 crooked 2. probably borrowed
narra 12.75 the hook 1. clearly borrowed
nunpa 12.76 the corner 4. very little evidence for borrowing
jarrapaljawung 12.77 the cross 3. perhaps borrowed
nunpa-nunpa 12.78 the square 4. very little evidence for borrowing
pirtakpari 12.81 round 3. perhaps borrowed
kurrunyung 12.83 the ball 1. clearly borrowed
pakuntarri 12.84 the line 3. perhaps borrowed
jimpiri 12.85 the hole 5. no evidence for borrowing
-marraj 12.92 similar 2. probably borrowed
wirrminy yuwa- 12.93 to change 3. perhaps borrowed
jintaku 13.01 one 5. no evidence for borrowing
kujarra 13.02 two 2. probably borrowed
murrkun 13.03 three 2. probably borrowed
kujarra-kujarra 13.04 four 2. probably borrowed
ngarra 13.05 five 3. perhaps borrowed
yurrk ma- 13.107 to count 2. probably borrowed
purrp 13.14 all 1. clearly borrowed
jarrwa 13.15 many 5. no evidence for borrowing
maya 13.16 more 4. very little evidence for borrowing
murrkunpurru 13.17 few 2. probably borrowed
marulu 13.18 enough 5. no evidence for borrowing
-walija 13.181 some 3. perhaps borrowed
larrkunyja 13.19 the crowd 3. perhaps borrowed
timpak 13.21 full 2. probably borrowed
tangka 13.22 empty 5. no evidence for borrowing
wirrip 13.23 the part 5. no evidence for borrowing
kirtpari 13.231 the piece 4. very little evidence for borrowing
julurrpnginyi 13.24 the half 3. perhaps borrowed
-rni 13.33 only 5. no evidence for borrowing
-wariny 13.331 alone 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kamparrijang 13.34 first 5. no evidence for borrowing
jiti 13.35 last 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kujarrap 13.37 the pair 3. perhaps borrowed
kujarrawurt 13.38 twice/two times 2. probably borrowed
murrkunkurt 13.44 three times 3. perhaps borrowed
mayani 14.11 the time 3. perhaps borrowed
jalayalang 14.13 new 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kulyarri 14.14 young 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kajirri 14.15 old 2. probably borrowed
kaputkaput 14.16 early 3. perhaps borrowed
jala 14.18 now 3. perhaps borrowed
wajija 14.19 immediately 2. probably borrowed
wajija 14.21 fast 2. probably borrowed
yamak 14.22 slow 4. very little evidence for borrowing
wajija ya- 14.23 to hurry 2. probably borrowed
jujup ma- 14.25 to begin 3. perhaps borrowed
jujup 14.251 the beginning 3. perhaps borrowed
-nginyi 14.26 the end(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
purrp ma- 14.27 to finish 1. clearly borrowed
murr karri- 14.28 to cease 2. probably borrowed
kirli 14.29 ready 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngajikparni 14.31 always 3. perhaps borrowed
-rni 14.32 often 5. no evidence for borrowing
mayanikari mayanikari 14.33 sometimes 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurtirni 14.331 soon 3. perhaps borrowed
ngajik 14.332 for a long time 3. perhaps borrowed
-rningan 14.35 again 5. no evidence for borrowing
wurlngarn 14.41 the day(1) 2. probably borrowed
tirrip 14.411 the day(2) 2. probably borrowed
kaputa 14.42 the night 2. probably borrowed
rangkarr 14.43 the dawn 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaput 14.44 the morning 3. perhaps borrowed
minyjarlk 14.45 the midday 4. very little evidence for borrowing
puriny 14.451 the afternoon 5. no evidence for borrowing
parntamarik 14.46 the evening 4. very little evidence for borrowing
jala 14.47 today 3. perhaps borrowed
kaput 14.48 tomorrow 3. perhaps borrowed
kaputkari 14.481 the day after tomorrow 3. perhaps borrowed
puriny 14.49 yesterday 5. no evidence for borrowing
purinykari 14.491 the day before yesterday 5. no evidence for borrowing
wurlngarn 14.53 the clock 2. probably borrowed
talymip 14.61 the week 4. very little evidence for borrowing
talymip 14.62 Sunday 4. very little evidence for borrowing
wajintayi 14.63 Monday 1. clearly borrowed
jakiliny 14.71 the month 1. clearly borrowed
parunga 14.73 the year 2. probably borrowed
kalajawuny 14.74 the winter 3. perhaps borrowed
yipu 14.75 the spring(2) 2. probably borrowed
parunga 14.76 the summer 2. probably borrowed
-mirntij 14.78 the season 1. clearly borrowed
ngapuk karri- 15.21 to smell(1) 2. probably borrowed
ngapuk ma- 15.212 to sniff 2. probably borrowed
ngapuk ma- 15.22 to smell(2) 2. probably borrowed
ngapukarriny 15.25 fragrant 2. probably borrowed
puka 15.26 stinking 2. probably borrowed
buga (Jaru )
ngurluk 15.31 to taste 5. no evidence for borrowing
kunyja 15.35 sweet 4. very little evidence for borrowing
wiingki 15.36 salty 5. no evidence for borrowing
jalingki 15.37 bitter 3. perhaps borrowed
jalingki 15.38 sour 3. perhaps borrowed
wiingki 15.39 brackish 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurru nya- 15.41 to hear 1. clearly borrowed
kurru nya- 15.42 to listen 1. clearly borrowed
yilying 15.44 the sound or noise 2. probably borrowed
jirrimarna 15.45 loud 4. very little evidence for borrowing
yamak 15.46 quiet 4. very little evidence for borrowing
karrap nya- 15.51 to see 3. perhaps borrowed
karrap nya- 15.52 to look 3. perhaps borrowed
wiyit jayi- 15.55 to show 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mirlinyinyip karri- 15.56 to shine 2. probably borrowed
mirlinyinyipkaji 15.57 bright 2. probably borrowed
winkilying 15.61 the colour/color 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ngunti 15.62 light(2) 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mum 15.63 dark 2. probably borrowed
< muwum (Jingulu )
waki 15.64 white 3. perhaps borrowed
mumpung 15.65 black 2. probably borrowed
< muwum (Jingulu )
winkilying 15.66 red 4. very little evidence for borrowing
wurrkawurrkal 15.67 blue 4. very little evidence for borrowing
wurrkawurrkal 15.68 green 4. very little evidence for borrowing
karrikurn-karrikurn 15.69 yellow 2. probably borrowed
pat ma- 15.71 to touch 4. very little evidence for borrowing
yintij ma- 15.712 to pinch 2. probably borrowed
patpat ma- 15.72 to feel 4. very little evidence for borrowing
patawarn 15.74 hard 3. perhaps borrowed
kalypa 15.75 soft 5. no evidence for borrowing
purtuwurtu 15.76 rough(1) 3. perhaps borrowed
kirinykiriny 15.77 smooth 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kutukutu 15.78 sharp 2. probably borrowed
tapu 15.79 blunt 2. probably borrowed
dabu (Jaru )
ngarturr 15.81 heavy 2. probably borrowed
rampali 15.82 light(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
pantij 15.83 wet 2. probably borrowed
pulwarr 15.84 dry 5. no evidence for borrowing
tupurrng 15.85 hot 2. probably borrowed
tanyji 15.851 warm 4. very little evidence for borrowing
makurru 15.86 cold 2. probably borrowed
kirlka 15.87 clean 2. probably borrowed
nyunal 15.88 dirty 4. very little evidence for borrowing
wanyjarrng 15.89 wrinkled 3. perhaps borrowed
ngayiwa 16.11 the soul or spirit 4. very little evidence for borrowing
pirartnginyi 16.15 surprised or astonished 3. perhaps borrowed
mijal 16.18 the good luck 3. perhaps borrowed
marrunyu 16.23 happy 4. very little evidence for borrowing
yayip ma- 16.25 to laugh 2. probably borrowed
nginy karri- 16.251 to smile 5. no evidence for borrowing
wajarra karri- 16.26 to play 4. very little evidence for borrowing
pulyap ma- 16.27 to love 3. perhaps borrowed
puny ma- 16.29 to kiss 2. probably borrowed
< buny (Miriwung )
kawirirri ma- 16.3 to embrace 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ngurrulyp 16.31 the pain 4. very little evidence for borrowing
luyurr 16.32 the grief 5. no evidence for borrowing
nguran 16.33 the anxiety 4. very little evidence for borrowing
juwurl ma- 16.34 to regret or be sorry 3. perhaps borrowed
lungkarra karri- 16.37 to cry 5. no evidence for borrowing
mikara 16.38 the tear 4. very little evidence for borrowing
ngarlarrip ma- 16.39 to groan 4. very little evidence for borrowing
jirtart karri- 16.41 to hate 2. probably borrowed
kuli 16.42 the anger 5. no evidence for borrowing
nguwajkarra 16.44 the envy or jealousy 1. clearly borrowed
minyirri 16.45 the shame 5. no evidence for borrowing
kumpurlakpurlak 16.52 brave 4. very little evidence for borrowing
wukarra 16.53 the fear 2. probably borrowed
kuliyan 16.54 the danger 5. no evidence for borrowing
wilngwilng ma- 16.62 to want 2. probably borrowed
ngatji ma- 16.622 to choose 4. very little evidence for borrowing
yijarni 16.66 true 2. probably borrowed
kuranykarra ma- 16.67 to lie(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuranykarra 16.68 the deceit 5. no evidence for borrowing
wapurt karri- 16.69 to forgive 3. perhaps borrowed
punyu 16.71 good 5. no evidence for borrowing
wankaj 16.72 bad 4. very little evidence for borrowing
jutu 16.73 right(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kulanypung 16.74 wrong 2. probably borrowed
tanypal ma- 16.77 the mistake 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurrwara yuwa- 16.78 the blame 5. no evidence for borrowing
jalungurru 16.81 beautiful 2. probably borrowed
kilypikilypi 16.82 ugly 3. perhaps borrowed
ngalking 16.83 greedy 2. probably borrowed
tarrpijipiji 16.84 clever 3. perhaps borrowed
langa 17.11 the mind 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kirr ka- 17.13 to think(1) 1. clearly borrowed
< girr (Wardaman )
ngarrka ma- 17.16 to understand 2. probably borrowed
pina karri- 17.17 to know 5. no evidence for borrowing
marr ma- 17.172 to imitate 5. no evidence for borrowing
pinarri 17.21 wise 5. no evidence for borrowing
walnga 17.22 stupid 4. very little evidence for borrowing
walnga 17.23 mad 4. very little evidence for borrowing
pinarrik karri- 17.24 to learn 5. no evidence for borrowing
pinarrik ma- 17.25 to teach 5. no evidence for borrowing
pinak jayinguwaji 17.27 the teacher 5. no evidence for borrowing
makurru 17.28 the school 2. probably borrowed
kirr ka- 17.31 to remember 1. clearly borrowed
< girr (Wardaman )
nyirn ma- 17.32 to forget 2. probably borrowed
< nyen (Miriwung )
limpal 17.36 secret 1. clearly borrowed
kawu 17.41 the intention 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngurrku pa- 17.44 to suspect 2. probably borrowed
kanung 17.46 easy 2. probably borrowed
majka 17.48 to try 3. perhaps borrowed
-paju 17.52 because 3. perhaps borrowed
nyamu...nga 17.53 if 5. no evidence for borrowing
waku 17.54 or 2. probably borrowed
waku (Jaru )
yuwayi 17.55 yes 5. no evidence for borrowing
lawara 17.56 no 3. perhaps borrowed
nyatpa 17.61 how? 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyatjang 17.62 how many? 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyatjang 17.63 how much? 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyampa 17.64 what? 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyangurla 17.65 when? 4. very little evidence for borrowing
wanyjika 17.66 where? 5. no evidence for borrowing
wanyji 17.67 which? 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngana 17.68 who? 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyampawu 17.69 why? 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngirlkirri 18.11 the voice 2. probably borrowed
yunpa- 18.12 to sing 2. probably borrowed
wayarrap ma- 18.13 to shout 1. clearly borrowed
kiyakiyap ma- 18.15 to whisper 1. clearly borrowed
nguyurrp ma- 18.16 to mumble 3. perhaps borrowed
wuruny ma- 18.17 to whistle 2. probably borrowed
wartayip karri- 18.18 to shriek 3. perhaps borrowed
muwup ma- 18.19 to howl 5. no evidence for borrowing
jarrakap ma- 18.21 to speak or talk 2. probably borrowed
ma- 18.22 to say 5. no evidence for borrowing
piyarrp ma- 18.221 to tell 5. no evidence for borrowing
pampaya 18.222 the speech 2. probably borrowed
muk karri- 18.23 to be silent 4. very little evidence for borrowing
jaru 18.24 the language 3. perhaps borrowed
jaru 18.26 the word 3. perhaps borrowed
yini 18.28 the name 5. no evidence for borrowing
yangki pa- 18.31 to ask(1) 1. clearly borrowed
jangat pu- 18.32 to answer 5. no evidence for borrowing
yangki pa- 18.35 to ask(2) 1. clearly borrowed
ngungung ma- 18.36 to promise 5. no evidence for borrowing
mamam pa- 18.37 to refuse 2. probably borrowed
mamam pa- 18.38 to forbid 2. probably borrowed
ju- 18.39 to scold 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaj yuwa- 18.41 to call(1) 4. very little evidence for borrowing
tal pa- 18.42 to call(2) 3. perhaps borrowed
piyarrp ka- 18.43 to announce 4. very little evidence for borrowing
nganany ma- 18.44 to threaten 5. no evidence for borrowing
jatajatajkarra yuwa- 18.51 to write 2. probably borrowed
riitim ma- 18.52 to read 1. clearly borrowed
< read (English )
mirlimirli 18.56 the paper 1. clearly borrowed
tuturrpkaji 18.57 the pen 1. clearly borrowed
mirlimirli 18.61 the book 1. clearly borrowed
kanyjurrawurt 19.12 the native country 5. no evidence for borrowing
marru 19.16 the village 2. probably borrowed
marru (Jaru )
panpiya 19.23 the clan 3. perhaps borrowed
ngampukuju 19.24 the chieftain 2. probably borrowed
mirlirri 19.25 the walking stick 2. probably borrowed
karlpumarn 19.41 the master 3. perhaps borrowed
purrul yuwa- 19.445 to liberate 4. very little evidence for borrowing
maj pa- 19.45 to command or order 3. perhaps borrowed
jangarra yuwa- 19.47 to permit 5. no evidence for borrowing
jaliji 19.51 the friend 2. probably borrowed
kamaliwang 19.55 the stranger 1. clearly borrowed
kaj yuwa- 19.565 to invite 4. very little evidence for borrowing
pun yuwa- 19.58 to help 3. perhaps borrowed
jart pa- 19.59 to prevent 4. very little evidence for borrowing
yumi 19.61 the custom 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuli 19.62 the quarrel 5. no evidence for borrowing
tuwa ya- 19.65 to meet 1. clearly borrowed
< duwa (Wambaya )
kuii karri- 20.11 to fight 5. no evidence for borrowing
waringarri 20.13 the war or battle 1. clearly borrowed
yawaliwali 20.14 the peace 2. probably borrowed
waringarri 20.15 the army 1. clearly borrowed
waringarri 20.17 the soldier 1. clearly borrowed
larrmij 20.21 the weapons 2. probably borrowed
kuturu 20.22 the club 1. clearly borrowed
jangayi 20.23 the sling 1. clearly borrowed
mirlarrang 20.26 the spear 2. probably borrowed
< mila (Wardaman )
turlkkaji 20.28 the gun 3. perhaps borrowed
mirta 20.34 the shield 2. probably borrowed
mirda (Jaru )
pululuj wani- 20.43 the attack 2. probably borrowed
wurrwa- 20.44 to defend 5. no evidence for borrowing
warl wanyja- 20.45 to retreat 2. probably borrowed
pujarl ma- 20.46 to surrender 2. probably borrowed
witi karri- 20.49 the ambush 4. very little evidence for borrowing
wuyurrurnkarraaji 20.51 the fisherman 2. probably borrowed
mirlirti 20.52 the fishhook 3. perhaps borrowed
wuyurrurn 20.53 the fishing line 2. probably borrowed
warni 20.54 the fishnet 5. no evidence for borrowing
puul 20.55 the fish trap 3. perhaps borrowed
nguru 20.56 the bait 2. probably borrowed
yangkarrp ya- 20.61 to hunt 2. probably borrowed
turlkkarra pa- 20.62 to shoot 3. perhaps borrowed
purruly 20.63 to miss 2. probably borrowed
larrkan 20.64 the trap 3. perhaps borrowed
yany ma- 20.65 to trap 3. perhaps borrowed
yumi 21.11 the law 5. no evidence for borrowing
kalanyjurrwaji 21.22 the defendant 3. perhaps borrowed
kurrwara yuwa- 21.31 to accuse 5. no evidence for borrowing
ngampukuju 21.35 guilty 2. probably borrowed
parnkarrang 21.42 the murder 1. clearly borrowed
lutlutkarra 21.44 the rape 3. perhaps borrowed
kuranykarra 21.47 the perjury 5. no evidence for borrowing
jawurra ma- 21.51 to steal 2. probably borrowed
jawurraaji 21.52 the thief 2. probably borrowed
ngaji 22.12 the god 2. probably borrowed
ngawi (Jaru )
juju kayi pa- 22.16 to worship 3. perhaps borrowed
juju (Jaru )
tarruku 22.19 holy 2. probably borrowed
nyinya ma- 22.24 to curse 5. no evidence for borrowing
jamuny karri- 22.26 to fast 5. no evidence for borrowing
kankula 22.31 the heaven 5. no evidence for borrowing
warntingarna 22.35 the demon 5. no evidence for borrowing
yarnayarnang 22.42 the magic 5. no evidence for borrowing
munpa 22.43 the sorcerer or witch 2. probably borrowed
< munba (Jingulu )
munga-munga 22.44 the fairy or elf 3. perhaps borrowed
kaya 22.45 the ghost 3. perhaps borrowed
wuma 22.47 the omen 2. probably borrowed
marntiwa 22.5 the circumcision 3. perhaps borrowed
marntiwa 22.51 the initiation ceremony 3. perhaps borrowed
wilmurr 23.12 the telephone 2. probably borrowed
lajapkaji 23.13 the bicycle 2. probably borrowed
laja (Jaru )
kurririj 23.14 the car 2. probably borrowed
turrkalangarna 23.155 the train 3. perhaps borrowed
tiwuwaji 23.16 the airplane 2. probably borrowed
nanta 23.175 the battery 3. perhaps borrowed
yingalk 23.195 the petroleum 4. very little evidence for borrowing
turrp 23.23 the injection 2. probably borrowed
kapman 23.3 the government 1. clearly borrowed
tirrkkaji 23.33 the police 2. probably borrowed
warntarri 23.395 the street 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mirlimirli 23.42 the letter 1. clearly borrowed
warlpkaji 23.52 the toilet 4. very little evidence for borrowing
kartak 23.54 the tin/can 1. clearly borrowed
murlukurn 23.56 the bottle 2. probably borrowed
kunyja 23.565 the candy/sweets 4. very little evidence for borrowing
lujkarraaji 23.59 the cigarette 4. very little evidence for borrowing
yartiwaji 23.62 the film/movie 2. probably borrowed
yarti (Jaru )
junpa 23.64 the song 2. probably borrowed
nalija 23.9 the tea 2. probably borrowed
palangarri 23.91 the coffee 1. clearly borrowed
karri- 24.01 to be 5. no evidence for borrowing
warntaj wani- 24.02 to become 4. very little evidence for borrowing
-mulung 24.03 without 4. very little evidence for borrowing
-kunyja 24.04 with 5. no evidence for borrowing
kula 24.06 not 3. perhaps borrowed
nyawa 24.07 this 5. no evidence for borrowing
nyila 24.08 that 5. no evidence for borrowing
murlangka 24.09 here 5. no evidence for borrowing
yalangka 24.1 there 5. no evidence for borrowing
-kari 24.11 other 2. probably borrowed
parlkij 24.12 next 5. no evidence for borrowing
jintaku-rni 24.13 same 5. no evidence for borrowing
lawara 24.14 nothing 3. perhaps borrowed