WOLD - Word: `anakala

Loanword Information
Borrowed status:	1. clearly borrowed
Source words:	uncle 'uncle', from English
Reference(s) Reference(s) The database itself contains only four references (listed below). Further references on Hawaiian loanwords can be found below and in the book chapter on Hawaiian. • Andrews, L. (1865). A Dictionary of the Hawaiian Language, to Which is Appended an English-Hawaiian Vocabulary and a Chronological Table of Remarkable Events. Honolulu: Henry M. Whitney. Republished in 2003 by Island Heritage Press, with introductions by Noenoe K. Silva and Albert .1. Schutz. •Elbert. S.H. awl Pukui, M.K. (1979). Hawaiian Grammar. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. •Pukui, M.K. and Elbert, S.H. (1986). Hawaiian Dictionary. Revised and Enlarged Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. •Wilson, W.H. (1976). Standardized Hawaiian Orthography. Manuscript, University of Hawaii. Attributed to the University Committee for the Preservation and Study of Hawaiian Language, Art, and Culture. References Kouiike Hua'olelo (2003). Mamaka Kaiao: A Modern Hawaiian Vocabulary. Uni¬versity of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. Pukui, M. K. and Elbert, S. H. (1986). Hawaiian Dictionary: Revised and Enlarged Edition. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. Reinecke, .1. E. (1969). Language and Dialect in Hawaii: A Sociolinguistic History to 1935. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. Edited by Stanley M. Tsuzaki. Schiitz, A. J. (1976). Take My Word for It: Missionary influence on Borrowings in Hawaiian. Oceanic Linguistics, 15(1,2):75 92. Schatz, A. J. (1994). The Voices of Eden: A History of Hawaiian Language Studies. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. :	Pukui and Elbert 1986
Effect:	Replacement
Integration:	1. Highly integrated
Salience:	Present only since contact
Contact situation:	English contact English contact Contact between speakers of English and speakers of Hawaiian dates from 1778, when Captain James Cook sailed into Hawaiian waters. Thereafter, the Islands became a frequent stop between America and the Asian or Australian coasts. New England missionaries arrived in the 1820s, adding prodigiously to the number of English loanwords in Hawaiian. Hawai‘i’s rich agricultural resources also enticed English-speaking entrepreneurs. who set up sugar plantations in the 19th century and increasingly influenced local politics in the Kingdom of Hawai‘i until over¬throwing t he monarchy in 1893 and setting up their own Republic, which lasted tint it 1898, when the United States of America annexed the Islands. One entice¬ment for American annexation was Hawai‘I’s strategic position in the Pacific. US military bases increased the English-speaking population in Hawai‘i, although con¬tact between soldiers and civilians remained limited. The Territory of Hawai‘i was voted into the Union in 1959, almost ensuring the English language’s dominance in Hawai‘i. Hawai‘i now receives American products, media, and tourists, and ex¬ports very little in the other direction. The lingua franca of Hawai‘i is an English dialect, known locally in Hawai‘i as ‘‘pidgin’’ and to linguists as ‘‘Hawaiian Creole English’’ or simply ‘‘HCE’’. The majority of loanwords in the Hawaiian database were loaned from English.

`anakala

a word from Vocabulary Hawaiian

General Information
Word form:	`anakala
LWT meaning(s):	the uncle the mother's brother the father's brother
Word meaning:	Broader meaning in Hawaiian, since males of your parents' generation (or older) may be called `anakala, even if they are of no relation. An `anakala is a male friend of your parents
Comments on word:	Note: makua kāne is an older term, which has fallen out of use with this meaning (now it just means 'father'). Also: makua kāne `ōpio used to mean 'parent's younger brother' specifically, while makua kāne makua meant 'parent's older brother'.
Word source Word source This field gives a bibliographical source for the word. • Andrews, L. (1865). A Dictionary of the Hawaiian Language, to Which is Appended an English-Hawaiian Vocabulary and a Chronological Table of Remarkable Events. Honolulu: Henry M. Whitney. Republished in 2003 by Island Heritage Press, with introductions by Noenoe K. Silva and Albert .1. Schutz. •Elbert. S.H. awl Pukui, M.K. (1979). Hawaiian Grammar. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. •Pukui, M.K. and Elbert, S.H. (1986). Hawaiian Dictionary. Revised and Enlarged Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. •Wilson, W.H. (1976). Standardized Hawaiian Orthography. Manuscript, University of Hawaii. Attributed to the University Committee for the Preservation and Study of Hawaiian Language, Art, and Culture. :	Pukui & Elbert 1986
Analyzability:	unanalyzable
Age:	Pukui & Elbert 1986 (1550–1986)